In this lecture, the experience from U.S development is utilized to provide a fully-integrated workflow for developing shale oil and gas reservoirs from exploitation to production.
Tyler Hall has over 5 years of experience as a civil engineer specializing in stormwater design, traffic impact assessments, and coastal engineering projects. He has extensive experience modeling stormwater networks, designing water and sewerage infrastructure to comply with FNQROC standards, and preparing supporting documents for development applications. Some of his recent projects include stormwater designs for residential subdivisions in Mossman and Caloundra, drainage assessments along Nicklin Way and in Mooloolaba, and coastal structures in Eudlo Creek, Sunshine Cove, and Mooloolaba Beach.
With speakers from various disciplines and professions, the SPE Distinguished Lecturer program focuses on the hottest trends, tools, and technology in E&P around the globe. View the complete 2018-2019 Distinguished Lecturer schedule at www.spe.org/dl/schedule.php.
Teaching and research with MIKE by DHI - Dr Björn Elsäßer (Queen’s University...Stephen Flood
This document summarizes the use of MIKE software at Queen's University Belfast for teaching and research purposes. It discusses how MIKE is used in various courses to model coastal engineering processes and tidal energy. It also describes several research projects using MIKE to model wave energy converter arrays, sewage outfall impacts, horse mussel larval transport, and more. The document emphasizes that MIKE provides an easy interface for students to learn modeling while also serving as a valuable research tool.
A presentation about implementing ecosystem restoration projects. Presented by Martha Craig Rheinhardt, Coastal Restoration Project Manager with the Cape Cod Conservation District, during the Buzzards Bay Coalition's 2012 Decision Makers Workshop series. Learn more at www.savebuzzardsbay.org/DecisionMakers
2014 MIKE by DHI UK Symposium - Draft AgendaStephen Flood
2014 MIKE by DHI UK Symposium
Date: 13th to 14th May 2014
Venue: Coombe Abbey Hotel, Warwickshire, UK
Cost: Free event (excepting accommodation costs - see below)
Registration: http://www.mikebydhi.com/GlobalEvents/UKUGM2014.aspx
This document discusses flood resistant bridge design in Papua New Guinea. It notes that over 280 bridges in PNG have been damaged by flooding in the last 5 years. The damage is mainly to bridge foundations, with flooding washing away abutments or scouring piers. The study aims to conduct fieldwork on flooded bridges in PNG and Japan, and provide recommended flood resilient bridge design guidelines for PNG. The guidelines will consider constructability and cost issues to provide practical, economical and sustainable solutions for bridge design in PNG.
This document provides guidelines for designing flood resistant bridges in Papua New Guinea. It discusses design considerations for bridge abutments, superstructures, piers, and foundations to withstand flooding and scour. It also covers estimating scour depths, designing for structural stability, afflux, and providing scour protection. The goal is to develop low-cost, practical solutions to improve flood resilience of bridges and reduce damage.
Transport Scotland requested that Scottish Water relocate their long sea outfall infrastructure to accommodate construction of a new pier for the Forth Replacement Crossing project. Grontmij was hired to design and oversee construction of a replacement outfall. They determined that using HDPE piping instead of the original expensive armored piping, along with changing from a twin pipe to single pipe design and simplifying the diffuser, would reduce costs and health and safety risks. The redesigned outfall was constructed on schedule by September 2010 through conventional barge techniques. The project demonstrated that thorough understanding of historical context and value engineering can produce substantial savings.
Tyler Hall has over 5 years of experience as a civil engineer specializing in stormwater design, traffic impact assessments, and coastal engineering projects. He has extensive experience modeling stormwater networks, designing water and sewerage infrastructure to comply with FNQROC standards, and preparing supporting documents for development applications. Some of his recent projects include stormwater designs for residential subdivisions in Mossman and Caloundra, drainage assessments along Nicklin Way and in Mooloolaba, and coastal structures in Eudlo Creek, Sunshine Cove, and Mooloolaba Beach.
With speakers from various disciplines and professions, the SPE Distinguished Lecturer program focuses on the hottest trends, tools, and technology in E&P around the globe. View the complete 2018-2019 Distinguished Lecturer schedule at www.spe.org/dl/schedule.php.
Teaching and research with MIKE by DHI - Dr Björn Elsäßer (Queen’s University...Stephen Flood
This document summarizes the use of MIKE software at Queen's University Belfast for teaching and research purposes. It discusses how MIKE is used in various courses to model coastal engineering processes and tidal energy. It also describes several research projects using MIKE to model wave energy converter arrays, sewage outfall impacts, horse mussel larval transport, and more. The document emphasizes that MIKE provides an easy interface for students to learn modeling while also serving as a valuable research tool.
A presentation about implementing ecosystem restoration projects. Presented by Martha Craig Rheinhardt, Coastal Restoration Project Manager with the Cape Cod Conservation District, during the Buzzards Bay Coalition's 2012 Decision Makers Workshop series. Learn more at www.savebuzzardsbay.org/DecisionMakers
2014 MIKE by DHI UK Symposium - Draft AgendaStephen Flood
2014 MIKE by DHI UK Symposium
Date: 13th to 14th May 2014
Venue: Coombe Abbey Hotel, Warwickshire, UK
Cost: Free event (excepting accommodation costs - see below)
Registration: http://www.mikebydhi.com/GlobalEvents/UKUGM2014.aspx
This document discusses flood resistant bridge design in Papua New Guinea. It notes that over 280 bridges in PNG have been damaged by flooding in the last 5 years. The damage is mainly to bridge foundations, with flooding washing away abutments or scouring piers. The study aims to conduct fieldwork on flooded bridges in PNG and Japan, and provide recommended flood resilient bridge design guidelines for PNG. The guidelines will consider constructability and cost issues to provide practical, economical and sustainable solutions for bridge design in PNG.
This document provides guidelines for designing flood resistant bridges in Papua New Guinea. It discusses design considerations for bridge abutments, superstructures, piers, and foundations to withstand flooding and scour. It also covers estimating scour depths, designing for structural stability, afflux, and providing scour protection. The goal is to develop low-cost, practical solutions to improve flood resilience of bridges and reduce damage.
Transport Scotland requested that Scottish Water relocate their long sea outfall infrastructure to accommodate construction of a new pier for the Forth Replacement Crossing project. Grontmij was hired to design and oversee construction of a replacement outfall. They determined that using HDPE piping instead of the original expensive armored piping, along with changing from a twin pipe to single pipe design and simplifying the diffuser, would reduce costs and health and safety risks. The redesigned outfall was constructed on schedule by September 2010 through conventional barge techniques. The project demonstrated that thorough understanding of historical context and value engineering can produce substantial savings.
Modelling extreme conditions for wave overtopping at Weymouth - Oliver Way (H...Stephen Flood
2015 DHI UK & Ireland Symposium
Modelling of Extreme Conditions for Wave Overtopping at Weymouth Bay
Oliver Way (Hyder Consulting), Tuesday 21 April 2015 at 16:00 - 16:20
A wave model study of Weymouth Bay was undertaken for Weymouth and Portland Borough Council to investigate flooding in the historical centre of Weymouth which is understood to be caused by tidal and fluvial waters overtopping flood defences, groundwater rising above ground level in response to high tides and heavy rain and wave overtopping along the open coast / Esplanade. The wave modelling results in this study are used to provide input conditions to the overtopping calculations which will in turn be used as inputs to the models of overland flow to provide flood extents. MIKE 21 SW was applied to simulate extreme wave conditions with combined extreme water levels. The model domain extends from Chesil Beach in the west to Lulworth Cove in the east. Extreme water level data were supplied by the Environment Agency for Weymouth from the Coastal flood boundary conditions for UK mainland and islands report (Environment Agency, 2012). Extreme wave values were also obtained from this Environment Agency report at offshore locations on the model boundary. Extreme wave conditions were considered for three directional sectors: south west, south and south east. A joint probability approach was applied for a range of return periods and climate change epochs. Wave data were extracted at nearshore locations along the beach front of Weymouth Bay. These data were used as input conditions for wave overtopping calculations (EurOtop) at site specific points along the beach to determine overtopping discharge rates along the beach front.
Ports-to-Plains Energy Summit
Omni Interlocken Resort
Broomfield, CO
April 7, 2011
Hydraulic fracturing has been in the news lately. Learn exactly what the process is and how it is impacting economic growth and energy security.
Dannenbaum Engineering - River Update 9-19-2015law138
Chris Sallese, Special Projects, Dannenbaum Engineering presentation at the FOR Annual meeting regarding progress reopening the mouth of the San Bernard
Approximately 12.5 million tons of cargo is shipped annually in the Cleveland Harbor. To maintain this federal navigation channel, an average of approximately 300,000 cubic yards of sediment is dredged every year. Dredged sediments from the Cuyahoga River do not meet Ohio EPA standards for open lake placement. Existing confined disposal facilities (CDFs) are near design capacity and the cost and challenges to locate, design and construct new CDFs cannot be completed under current U.S. ACE budgets. Also, this work could not be accomplished before the existing CDF capacity is exhausted. The Port Authority is completing a sustainable sediment management study to identify and evaluate both near and long-term solutions to address this crisis. Presenters will share research findings and study results regarding the expanded use of existing CDFs through increased capacity, beneficial use for upland site restoration, and creation of beneficial use products, among others. This “Science of the Great Lakes” session will also include planned steps for implementation of study recommendations.
The document discusses U.S. shale gas resources and the challenges of developing them. It notes that shale gas reserves are conservatively estimated at 500-1000 trillion cubic feet and that hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling first made shale gas production economically viable. However, each shale play has unique characteristics that require tailored solutions. The document summarizes characteristics of major shale plays like the Barnett, Woodford, Haynesville, Bakken and Fayetteville and notes that best practices must evolve locally to address specific challenges in each play. Unconventional resources like shale gas require unconventional solutions to optimize production and costs.
Hydraulic Fracturing and Marcellus Shale Gas 11 22 2011Michael Klein
The drilling technique of Hydraulic Fracturing has allowed natural gas producers to extract natural gas economically from deep shale formations. This innovative drilling technique has made enormous quantities of natural gas available in wide areas of the United States from Texas, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, New York, Wyoming, North Carolina, and Colorado. The drilling technique of hydraulic fracturing accounts for roughly a quarter of total natural gas production in the United States as cited by the Energy Information Administration. With the increased emphasis on the use of natural gas in our federal energy policy, there will be new regulations, processes, and resources that will be required to mitigate the risks to human health and the environment from this new drilling technique. The presentation discusses the process of hydraulic fracturing; the threats that are posed to human health and the environment, areas in the USA where the process is used with an emphasis on the Marcellus Shale formation, current and new regulations being put into place, and plaintiff challenges to the process.
IRJET- Optimization of Field Development Scheduling and Water Injection Study...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a reservoir simulation study of the Keyi oil field in Sudan to determine the optimal development and production methods. The study used a 3D reservoir simulation model to evaluate different development scenarios. The results showed that water injection significantly improved recovery over natural depletion alone, increasing cumulative oil production from 4.4 million stock tank barrels without water injection to 10.9 million stock tank barrels with water injection. Therefore, the study concluded that water injection is the suitable method for improving recovery from the Keyi oil field reservoirs.
The document summarizes a stormwater management and floodplain analysis project for the Kerry Centre development in Beloit, WI. It discusses relocating a portion of Spring Brook to accommodate the development while ensuring flood risks are not increased. Hydraulic modeling was used to analyze the 10-year and 100-year floodplains and ensure elevations and velocities would not be impacted by the relocation. The project also included stormwater management facilities like detention basins to control runoff from the site.
This document provides information from a meeting of the James River Partnership regarding vessel traffic on the James River. It shows statistics on the number of ship and barge roundtrips on the river from 2008 to the projected numbers for 2013. Ship traffic has declined from 133 roundtrips in 2008 to a projected 61 in 2013. Barge traffic has fluctuated but remains significant, with over 2,000 roundtrips projected for 2013. Key cargos transported include petroleum products, aggregates, chemicals and containers.
This document provides an overview of a short course on marine pipeline engineering that will take place from January 12-14, 2014 in Tehran, Iran. The course will cover all phases of submarine pipeline projects from conceptual design to detail engineering. Specific topics that will be discussed include relevant codes and standards, route selection, material selection, installation considerations, stability analysis, and software tools for pipeline design. The instructor, Hadi Tahmasbi, has over 15 years of experience in offshore structural engineering for pipelines.
The document provides an overview of Honeywell's Hopewell, Virginia plant and its environmental performance. It describes the plant's history and products, including its position as the world's largest producer of caprolactam and ammonium sulfate. The plant ships over 900,000 tons of ammonium sulfate annually via its pier on the James River. It also discusses projects undertaken to reduce nutrient pollution to the river by over 85% while increasing production. The document highlights the plant's certified wildlife habitat and efforts to prevent water pollution and eliminate hydraulic oil from its loading equipment.
Use of MIKE 21/3 in the Hydraulic Analysis for the Dublin Port ABR Project - ...Stephen Flood
2015 DHI UK & Ireland Symposium
KEYNOTE: Use of MIKE 21/3 in the Hydraulic Analysis for the Dublin Port ABR Project
Adrian Bell (RPS),
Tuesday 21 April 2015 at 10:30 - 11:00
This project essentially looked at the stability of a deepened approach channel and examined the impact of the dredging and disposal for the scheme in support of a public planning hearing. The modelling used coupled MIKE 21 FM HD-SW-ST models as well as well as MIKE 21 and MIKE 3 FM HD and MT models.
A Review of Previous Work on an Approach to Design and Construction of Low He...IRJET Journal
This document reviews previous work on the design and construction of low height gravity dams. It discusses several past studies on related topics. Researchers have refined criteria for designing earth dams to resist piping and erosion. Construction of dams is needed on rivers carrying large rainwater flows. For the specific context of Lucknow, India, a dam needs to be built on the Gomti River without diverting the flowing water. Previous literature suggests constructing such a dam using geo bags, boulders, piling and earth over a period of 3 to 5 years. The stability and safety of earth dams against issues like overturning, sliding and piping has been explored in depth by other scholars.
DRBC Docket: XTO Energy Application to Withdraw Surface Water at Oquaga CreekMarcellus Drilling News
Delaware River Basin Commission - Hearing to review an application form XTO Energy to withdraw .25 million gallons of water per day from the Oquaga Creek in the Town of Sanford, NY for purposes of shale gas drilling exploration and production.
VMS Ventures - Investor Presentation - September 2010VMS Ventures
- VMS Ventures is a well-funded junior mining exploration company focused on discovering high-grade copper deposits in Manitoba, Canada.
- Their first discovery was the Reed Lake copper deposit in 2007. They have a joint venture with Hudbay Minerals on Reed Lake and 4 other option agreements.
- Drilling is currently underway at Reed Lake and the Sails Lake project to test targets identified by geophysical and geochemical surveys. VMS plans additional exploration work over the next 2 years to evaluate multiple targets on their properties.
This document discusses regulatory requirements and best practices for tailings dam design and construction in Alaska. It outlines Alaska's dam safety program which classifies dams based on hazard potential and requires design to withstand earthquakes and floods of increasing strength depending on hazard class. It also details the permitting and approval process for dam construction and operation. Key lessons from past failures emphasize the importance of thorough site investigation, design, construction oversight, monitoring, and emergency preparedness. State-of-the-art techniques can successfully mitigate risks from slope stability, overtopping, foundations, seepage, erosion and seismic events to develop stable, long-term tailings storage facilities.
This thesis focuses on developing static and dynamic reservoir models and predicting properties for a deepwater carbonate reservoir during the early exploration phase when limited data is available. Core, log, and well test data are integrated and used to characterize the reservoir into hydraulic flow units (HFU). Five HFU are identified and upscaled to populate the static model. Well test analysis estimates permeability-thickness product and permeability with less than 20% error. Dynamic simulations of four static models match well test pressure responses and predict a numerical productivity index within 5% of measured. Simulations of the entire oil zone indicate potential recovery of 25% of original oil in place.
The document discusses new technologies applied to develop tight hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Cambay Basin of India. Specifically, it details the application of horizontal drilling, multistage fracturing, and microseismic monitoring in a well in the Cambay Field. This well is expected to produce 300,000-500,000 m3/d of gas, compared to typical production of 30,000-50,000 m3/d from vertical wells. These new technologies could also be applied in other Indian basins containing tight reservoirs to help meet the country's growing energy demand.
Unconventional development propelled the United States to produce more oil than it imports for the first time in 20 years. Increased production of domestic oil and gas profoundly impacted economic growth and job creation for the U.S. During this evolution, there was a need to address environmental regulations and infrastructure requirements in order to access the sheer volume of resources. Combined with today’s horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technology, a strategic development plan can be constructed for any country to create an unconventional energy opportunity. In this lecture, the experience from U.S development is utilized to provide a fully-integrated workflow for developing shale oil and gas reservoirs from exploitation to production. Starting at the nano-scale, we will zoom into the pore structure to understand the storage and flow paths. Transitioning to the reservoir-scale, well testing and microseismic are utilized to define the flow capacity and estimate the stimulated volume. Learnings from this subsurface characterization is used to guide well completion, flowback, and production operations. The diagnostic methodology specific to each operation can be applied to identify geologically favorable areas and the best completion practice. As development progresses, opportunities to improve recovery can be magnified through optimum well spacing and refracturing. As a final step in the development, determining an appropriate enhanced recovery method is essential to access the remaining resources. Finally, example development scenarios are provided to demonstrate how a technically driven strategy is more effective to maximize value and make the unconventional revolution a global one.
The primary funding for the Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program is provided by member donations to The SPE Foundation and a contribution from Offshore Europe. The program also receives support from companies that allow their employees to serve as lecturers and from AIME. The January 2020 tour lecture focuses on thriving in a lower oil price environment, including topics such as market dynamics, keys to success, technology impacts, and takeaway points.
Modelling extreme conditions for wave overtopping at Weymouth - Oliver Way (H...Stephen Flood
2015 DHI UK & Ireland Symposium
Modelling of Extreme Conditions for Wave Overtopping at Weymouth Bay
Oliver Way (Hyder Consulting), Tuesday 21 April 2015 at 16:00 - 16:20
A wave model study of Weymouth Bay was undertaken for Weymouth and Portland Borough Council to investigate flooding in the historical centre of Weymouth which is understood to be caused by tidal and fluvial waters overtopping flood defences, groundwater rising above ground level in response to high tides and heavy rain and wave overtopping along the open coast / Esplanade. The wave modelling results in this study are used to provide input conditions to the overtopping calculations which will in turn be used as inputs to the models of overland flow to provide flood extents. MIKE 21 SW was applied to simulate extreme wave conditions with combined extreme water levels. The model domain extends from Chesil Beach in the west to Lulworth Cove in the east. Extreme water level data were supplied by the Environment Agency for Weymouth from the Coastal flood boundary conditions for UK mainland and islands report (Environment Agency, 2012). Extreme wave values were also obtained from this Environment Agency report at offshore locations on the model boundary. Extreme wave conditions were considered for three directional sectors: south west, south and south east. A joint probability approach was applied for a range of return periods and climate change epochs. Wave data were extracted at nearshore locations along the beach front of Weymouth Bay. These data were used as input conditions for wave overtopping calculations (EurOtop) at site specific points along the beach to determine overtopping discharge rates along the beach front.
Ports-to-Plains Energy Summit
Omni Interlocken Resort
Broomfield, CO
April 7, 2011
Hydraulic fracturing has been in the news lately. Learn exactly what the process is and how it is impacting economic growth and energy security.
Dannenbaum Engineering - River Update 9-19-2015law138
Chris Sallese, Special Projects, Dannenbaum Engineering presentation at the FOR Annual meeting regarding progress reopening the mouth of the San Bernard
Approximately 12.5 million tons of cargo is shipped annually in the Cleveland Harbor. To maintain this federal navigation channel, an average of approximately 300,000 cubic yards of sediment is dredged every year. Dredged sediments from the Cuyahoga River do not meet Ohio EPA standards for open lake placement. Existing confined disposal facilities (CDFs) are near design capacity and the cost and challenges to locate, design and construct new CDFs cannot be completed under current U.S. ACE budgets. Also, this work could not be accomplished before the existing CDF capacity is exhausted. The Port Authority is completing a sustainable sediment management study to identify and evaluate both near and long-term solutions to address this crisis. Presenters will share research findings and study results regarding the expanded use of existing CDFs through increased capacity, beneficial use for upland site restoration, and creation of beneficial use products, among others. This “Science of the Great Lakes” session will also include planned steps for implementation of study recommendations.
The document discusses U.S. shale gas resources and the challenges of developing them. It notes that shale gas reserves are conservatively estimated at 500-1000 trillion cubic feet and that hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling first made shale gas production economically viable. However, each shale play has unique characteristics that require tailored solutions. The document summarizes characteristics of major shale plays like the Barnett, Woodford, Haynesville, Bakken and Fayetteville and notes that best practices must evolve locally to address specific challenges in each play. Unconventional resources like shale gas require unconventional solutions to optimize production and costs.
Hydraulic Fracturing and Marcellus Shale Gas 11 22 2011Michael Klein
The drilling technique of Hydraulic Fracturing has allowed natural gas producers to extract natural gas economically from deep shale formations. This innovative drilling technique has made enormous quantities of natural gas available in wide areas of the United States from Texas, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, New York, Wyoming, North Carolina, and Colorado. The drilling technique of hydraulic fracturing accounts for roughly a quarter of total natural gas production in the United States as cited by the Energy Information Administration. With the increased emphasis on the use of natural gas in our federal energy policy, there will be new regulations, processes, and resources that will be required to mitigate the risks to human health and the environment from this new drilling technique. The presentation discusses the process of hydraulic fracturing; the threats that are posed to human health and the environment, areas in the USA where the process is used with an emphasis on the Marcellus Shale formation, current and new regulations being put into place, and plaintiff challenges to the process.
IRJET- Optimization of Field Development Scheduling and Water Injection Study...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a reservoir simulation study of the Keyi oil field in Sudan to determine the optimal development and production methods. The study used a 3D reservoir simulation model to evaluate different development scenarios. The results showed that water injection significantly improved recovery over natural depletion alone, increasing cumulative oil production from 4.4 million stock tank barrels without water injection to 10.9 million stock tank barrels with water injection. Therefore, the study concluded that water injection is the suitable method for improving recovery from the Keyi oil field reservoirs.
The document summarizes a stormwater management and floodplain analysis project for the Kerry Centre development in Beloit, WI. It discusses relocating a portion of Spring Brook to accommodate the development while ensuring flood risks are not increased. Hydraulic modeling was used to analyze the 10-year and 100-year floodplains and ensure elevations and velocities would not be impacted by the relocation. The project also included stormwater management facilities like detention basins to control runoff from the site.
This document provides information from a meeting of the James River Partnership regarding vessel traffic on the James River. It shows statistics on the number of ship and barge roundtrips on the river from 2008 to the projected numbers for 2013. Ship traffic has declined from 133 roundtrips in 2008 to a projected 61 in 2013. Barge traffic has fluctuated but remains significant, with over 2,000 roundtrips projected for 2013. Key cargos transported include petroleum products, aggregates, chemicals and containers.
This document provides an overview of a short course on marine pipeline engineering that will take place from January 12-14, 2014 in Tehran, Iran. The course will cover all phases of submarine pipeline projects from conceptual design to detail engineering. Specific topics that will be discussed include relevant codes and standards, route selection, material selection, installation considerations, stability analysis, and software tools for pipeline design. The instructor, Hadi Tahmasbi, has over 15 years of experience in offshore structural engineering for pipelines.
The document provides an overview of Honeywell's Hopewell, Virginia plant and its environmental performance. It describes the plant's history and products, including its position as the world's largest producer of caprolactam and ammonium sulfate. The plant ships over 900,000 tons of ammonium sulfate annually via its pier on the James River. It also discusses projects undertaken to reduce nutrient pollution to the river by over 85% while increasing production. The document highlights the plant's certified wildlife habitat and efforts to prevent water pollution and eliminate hydraulic oil from its loading equipment.
Use of MIKE 21/3 in the Hydraulic Analysis for the Dublin Port ABR Project - ...Stephen Flood
2015 DHI UK & Ireland Symposium
KEYNOTE: Use of MIKE 21/3 in the Hydraulic Analysis for the Dublin Port ABR Project
Adrian Bell (RPS),
Tuesday 21 April 2015 at 10:30 - 11:00
This project essentially looked at the stability of a deepened approach channel and examined the impact of the dredging and disposal for the scheme in support of a public planning hearing. The modelling used coupled MIKE 21 FM HD-SW-ST models as well as well as MIKE 21 and MIKE 3 FM HD and MT models.
A Review of Previous Work on an Approach to Design and Construction of Low He...IRJET Journal
This document reviews previous work on the design and construction of low height gravity dams. It discusses several past studies on related topics. Researchers have refined criteria for designing earth dams to resist piping and erosion. Construction of dams is needed on rivers carrying large rainwater flows. For the specific context of Lucknow, India, a dam needs to be built on the Gomti River without diverting the flowing water. Previous literature suggests constructing such a dam using geo bags, boulders, piling and earth over a period of 3 to 5 years. The stability and safety of earth dams against issues like overturning, sliding and piping has been explored in depth by other scholars.
DRBC Docket: XTO Energy Application to Withdraw Surface Water at Oquaga CreekMarcellus Drilling News
Delaware River Basin Commission - Hearing to review an application form XTO Energy to withdraw .25 million gallons of water per day from the Oquaga Creek in the Town of Sanford, NY for purposes of shale gas drilling exploration and production.
VMS Ventures - Investor Presentation - September 2010VMS Ventures
- VMS Ventures is a well-funded junior mining exploration company focused on discovering high-grade copper deposits in Manitoba, Canada.
- Their first discovery was the Reed Lake copper deposit in 2007. They have a joint venture with Hudbay Minerals on Reed Lake and 4 other option agreements.
- Drilling is currently underway at Reed Lake and the Sails Lake project to test targets identified by geophysical and geochemical surveys. VMS plans additional exploration work over the next 2 years to evaluate multiple targets on their properties.
This document discusses regulatory requirements and best practices for tailings dam design and construction in Alaska. It outlines Alaska's dam safety program which classifies dams based on hazard potential and requires design to withstand earthquakes and floods of increasing strength depending on hazard class. It also details the permitting and approval process for dam construction and operation. Key lessons from past failures emphasize the importance of thorough site investigation, design, construction oversight, monitoring, and emergency preparedness. State-of-the-art techniques can successfully mitigate risks from slope stability, overtopping, foundations, seepage, erosion and seismic events to develop stable, long-term tailings storage facilities.
This thesis focuses on developing static and dynamic reservoir models and predicting properties for a deepwater carbonate reservoir during the early exploration phase when limited data is available. Core, log, and well test data are integrated and used to characterize the reservoir into hydraulic flow units (HFU). Five HFU are identified and upscaled to populate the static model. Well test analysis estimates permeability-thickness product and permeability with less than 20% error. Dynamic simulations of four static models match well test pressure responses and predict a numerical productivity index within 5% of measured. Simulations of the entire oil zone indicate potential recovery of 25% of original oil in place.
The document discusses new technologies applied to develop tight hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Cambay Basin of India. Specifically, it details the application of horizontal drilling, multistage fracturing, and microseismic monitoring in a well in the Cambay Field. This well is expected to produce 300,000-500,000 m3/d of gas, compared to typical production of 30,000-50,000 m3/d from vertical wells. These new technologies could also be applied in other Indian basins containing tight reservoirs to help meet the country's growing energy demand.
Unconventional development propelled the United States to produce more oil than it imports for the first time in 20 years. Increased production of domestic oil and gas profoundly impacted economic growth and job creation for the U.S. During this evolution, there was a need to address environmental regulations and infrastructure requirements in order to access the sheer volume of resources. Combined with today’s horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technology, a strategic development plan can be constructed for any country to create an unconventional energy opportunity. In this lecture, the experience from U.S development is utilized to provide a fully-integrated workflow for developing shale oil and gas reservoirs from exploitation to production. Starting at the nano-scale, we will zoom into the pore structure to understand the storage and flow paths. Transitioning to the reservoir-scale, well testing and microseismic are utilized to define the flow capacity and estimate the stimulated volume. Learnings from this subsurface characterization is used to guide well completion, flowback, and production operations. The diagnostic methodology specific to each operation can be applied to identify geologically favorable areas and the best completion practice. As development progresses, opportunities to improve recovery can be magnified through optimum well spacing and refracturing. As a final step in the development, determining an appropriate enhanced recovery method is essential to access the remaining resources. Finally, example development scenarios are provided to demonstrate how a technically driven strategy is more effective to maximize value and make the unconventional revolution a global one.
The primary funding for the Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program is provided by member donations to The SPE Foundation and a contribution from Offshore Europe. The program also receives support from companies that allow their employees to serve as lecturers and from AIME. The January 2020 tour lecture focuses on thriving in a lower oil price environment, including topics such as market dynamics, keys to success, technology impacts, and takeaway points.
This document contains confidential information about Shear FRAC Group, LLC. It discusses ShearFRAC's real-time intelligent fracturing technology, which provides second-by-second fracture measurements and active fracture guidance to optimize fracture surface area. The technology aims to improve completion effectiveness, increase production, access more hydrocarbons, and save money on water and pumping costs by providing a link between geology, drilling, and reservoir engineering through completions optimization. Recent research on hydraulic fracturing indicates that rejuvenating natural fractures and bedding planes dominates fractured surface area creation.
This document summarizes strategies and technology needs for produced water management in unconventional oil and gas resource plays. It notes that 1-3 million additional wellbores will be needed to fully develop US shale resources, requiring increased use of brackish water, treatment technologies, and centralized facilities. Produced water management options include disposal via injection wells, surface discharge, beneficial use, and reuse. Reuse is increasingly common where fresh water is limited and injection well capacity is restricted. Produced water quality and volume varies between plays. Treatment goals include reducing dissolved solids for discharge/reuse and reducing volume for disposal. As fresh water demands grow, more reuse of produced water and saline groundwater is expected, requiring technologies to make these strategies
The document describes MAREN, an INTERREG project that aims to optimize energy extraction from marine renewable resources while minimizing environmental impacts. MAREN involves partners from several European countries studying different renewable energy types. The project will produce high-resolution models of resource potential and environmental impacts for case study locations. It will also compare environmental assessment protocols across regions and create a database of marine renewable projects. The UK case studies include modeling potential tidal barrages, lagoons, and tidal stream and wave projects in Wales and England. The Hydro-Environmental Research Centre is modeling impacts of technologies like the Cardiff-Weston tidal barrage and tidal stream turbines on hydrodynamics, sediments, water quality and the environment. The document proposes a
Natural fractures are very common in shale gas plays. It is often presumed that because the formations are so tight, gas can be produced economically only when extensive networks of natural fractures exist. The creation of large fracture surface area in contact with the reservoir is considered essential to commercial success. This is facilitated by multistage hydraulic fracturing of long horizontal wells using large volumes of low- viscosity (low-cost) fracturing fluid. However, the efficiency of this process in terms of water usage is now coming under close scrutiny. The success of these operations is beyond doubt, but what can be inferred about the accuracy of this conceptual picture in light of many years’ accumulated production data? What does production data tell us about the role of natural fractures? This presentation addresses these issues by using a semianalytic shale gas production model to analyze and interpret production data from many shale gas wells across several different plays.
Ian Walton is a senior research scientist at the Energy & Geoscience Institute of the University of Utah and an adjunct professor in the department of chemical engineering. He holds a PhD in applied mathematics from the University of Manchester. Walton has more than 25 years of petroleum industry experience, most recently as a scientific advisor for Schlumberger, and more than 15 years of university teaching experience.
IRJET- Effect of Sea Water and Strength of ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study on the effect of sea water and fresh water on the strength of concrete. 27 concrete specimens (cubes, cylinders, beams) were cast and cured using sea water, and another 27 specimens were cast and cured using fresh water. The specimens were tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. The study aims to investigate using sea water for mixing and curing concrete as an alternative to fresh water, which is scarce in some coastal areas. The results of the experiment will be presented to analyze how sea water affects the different strengths of concrete compared to using fresh water.
This document describes a plasma pulse technology (PPT) that can enhance oil recovery from reservoirs. PPT uses low-frequency shock waves and acoustic cavitation to increase permeability and stimulate hydrocarbons. It can disintegrate formation damage near wells to improve flow without damaging the wellbore or formation. PPT treatments are lower cost than alternatives, have over an 85% success rate, and are environmentally friendly. The technology has been used to successfully treat over 350 wells globally.
Hydropower harnesses the energy of flowing water to generate electricity. Water is diverted from a river or reservoir through a penstock to spin turbines, which turn generators to produce electricity. Advanced turbine designs aim to minimize environmental impacts like fish injury and mortality. The DOE is funding projects to develop more fish-friendly turbine concepts and test designs that use gradual pressure reduction and minimize contact with blades to reduce stress on fish passing through turbines.
The document summarizes the Perth Seawater Desalination Plant in Western Australia. Some key details:
- The plant has a capacity of 144 megalitres per day and cost $317 million. It uses seawater reverse osmosis technology and has a specific energy consumption of 3.59 kWh/cubic meter.
- The plant sources seawater through an intake system and screens before dual media filtration, cartridge filters and a two-pass RO system. Energy recovery devices are used.
- Extensive monitoring shows the brine outlet has negligible environmental impacts due to validated diffuser design and suspended solids treatment. The plant helps drought-proof the city.
This discussion paper on Energy Well Integrity focuses on typical onshore unconventional oil or gas wells, which are generally similar to wells used for conventional oil or coal bed methane production. The major topics covered in this paper are well design, construction, use and abandonment. Issues of cementing practices and gas migration pathways are given special emphasis because they are key aspects in establishing and understanding well integrity.
Richard Stoisits has over 42 years of experience in reservoir, production, operations and facility engineering. He currently works as a Senior Engineering Advisor for ExxonMobil, where he leads flow assurance studies for offshore developments and troubleshoots production problems for worldwide assets. Previously, he has held engineering roles at Raytheon Corporation, ARCO Exploration and Production Technology, and ARCO Oil & Gas. He has developed new technologies in areas such as multiphase flow, reservoir modeling, and production optimization.
Ecovap tower evaporation & the need for a disruptive service-technology suiteJoel Schneyer
Dealing with the large volume of production water co-produced with oil & gas is a large problem that is getting bigger. Industry needs alternatives to reduce injected disposal volumes and seismicity; the ecovap natural evaporation tower solution reduces the volumes at the wellhead.
Managing carbon geological storage and natural resources in sedimentary basinsGlobal CCS Institute
To highlight the research and achievements of Australian researchers, the Global CCS Institute, together with Australian National Low Emissions Coal Research and Development (ANLEC R&D), will hold a series of webinars throughout 2017. Each webinar will highlight a specific ANLEC R&D research project and the relevant report found on the Institute’s website.
This is the eighth webinar of the series and will present on basin resource management and carbon storage. With the ongoing deployment of CCS facilities globally, the pore space - the voids in the rock deep in sedimentary basins – are now a commercial resource. This is a relatively new concept with only a few industries utilising that pore space to date.
This webinar presented a framework for the management of basin resources including carbon storage. Prospective sites for geological storage of carbon dioxide target largely sedimentary basins since these provide the most suitable geological settings for safe, long-term storage of greenhouse gases. Sedimentary basins can host different natural resources that may occur in isolated pockets, across widely dispersed regions, in multiple locations, within a single layer of strata or at various depths.
In Australia, the primary basin resources are groundwater, oil and gas, unconventional gas, coal and geothermal energy. Understanding the nature of how these resources are distributed in the subsurface is fundamental to managing basin resource development and carbon dioxide storage. Natural resources can overlap laterally or with depth and have been developed successfully for decades. Geological storage of carbon dioxide is another basin resource that must be considered in developing a basin-scale resource management system to ensure that multiple uses of the subsurface can sustainably and pragmatically co-exist.
This webinar was presented by Karsten Michael, Research Team Leader, CSIRO Energy.
This document summarizes the agenda and presentations for the 2009 Toledo Harbor Dredging Summit. The summit focused on addressing the current dredging situation in Toledo Harbor and finding long term solutions. Key topics included the environmental and economic impacts of the current situation, balancing environmental protection with economic needs, and promoting beneficial reuse of dredged materials through projects like habitat restoration and brownfield redevelopment. Presenters represented various stakeholders including the US Army Corps of Engineers, Ohio EPA, ODNR, dredging contractors, and local governments. The goal was to have an open dialogue around developing a sustainable 30-year sediment management plan.
UNDERSTANDING THE DRAINAGE PATTERNS & RECOVERY FACTORS USING LOGGINGiQHub
The document discusses methods for evaluating the success of refracturing operations. It indicates that the basic objective is to obtain the best stimulation treatment compatible with costs. By comparing logging measurements before and after refracturing, the near wellbore region can be indexed and the fracture water saturation profile determined. This profile shows where fracturing fluids went and is used to measure cluster efficiency and fracture complexity. Comparing pre-and post-refrac logs helps identify the best refracturing methodology and determine the potential of future refracturing projects. Flowback data can also be evaluated to determine the refracturing effective fracture volume.
This document summarizes a meeting of the East of England Water Partnership. The objectives of the meeting were to establish a common purpose and priorities for water management in the region, identify key stakeholders, and ensure commitment to agreed plans. Presentations were given by water companies on their strategies. Groups discussed developing a concordat to define the partnership's purpose, aims, membership, governance and commitments. They also discussed strategic priorities and plans for 2015-2020, including partnership approaches to resilience, growth, customer behavior and climate change. The meeting aimed to facilitate collaboration on water stewardship and delivery of regional projects.
This document provides an overview of shale gas in the USA. It discusses the US shale gas revolution, which began with increased production from the Barnett Shale play using horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. This led US natural gas production to increase significantly between 2000-2010. It also discusses key shale gas basins in the US like the Marcellus shale and the production and distribution of shale gas across the US natural gas pipeline network. The large increase in shale gas production has positively impacted the US energy market through increased domestic supply, lower natural gas prices, and economic benefits.
This document discusses the challenges facing wave energy technology commercialization in the UK. It analyzes the UK's performance in wave energy innovation inputs like public funding and outputs like patents and deployments. Five issues are identified that contributed to wave energy's slow progress in the UK: overpromising results, a poorly coordinated innovation system, backing technologies that ultimately failed, bundling wave and tidal funding, and intermittent support. The document provides recommendations to address these issues like consistent funding, increased international collaboration, and strengthening links between developers and researchers.
1.5 "Environmental Concern and QA/QC in Shale Gas Drilling and Fracturing" - ...Pomcert
The document discusses environmental concerns and quality assurance/quality control practices regarding shale gas drilling and hydraulic fracturing. It covers topics such as well construction, cementing, casing, mud selection, fracturing, water sourcing and management, and monitoring. It emphasizes the importance of best practices like baseline water testing, closed-loop systems, secondary containment, inspection, and optimization to safely develop shale gas resources while protecting water and the environment.
Similar to Creating a Worldwide Unconventional Revolution Through a Technically Driven Strategy (20)
Unitization is the process of developing an oil or gas field that spans multiple license or international boundaries as a single unit. It ensures optimal resource recovery and maximizes value for the involved parties and states. Historically, the "rule of capture" led to inefficient development as individual operators sought to quickly extract resources. Modern unitization agreements establish initial participation shares and include provisions for later redeterminations based on new technical data. They aim to facilitate cooperative development while equitably allocating costs and production among stakeholders.
The document provides information about a lecture on compositional simulation given by Dr. Russell T. Johns. It discusses:
1) Current compositional simulators use averaged properties and phase labels which can lead to discontinuities and inaccurate simulations.
2) A new approach is presented to model relative permeability as a state function dependent on saturation, connectivity, capillary number, and wettability without using phase labels.
3) Examples show this new approach improves simulation robustness, speed, and accuracy, and can provide more reliable recovery estimates compared to current compositional and black-oil simulators.
This document summarizes a presentation about transitioning from a competency-based training approach to a performance-based training approach for developing upstream oil and gas professionals. It discusses defining competencies through competency mapping, then shifting to identify key work processes, outcomes of top performers, and aligning learning with job roles and business goals. It provides a case study of implementing a performance-based program across multiple disciplines at an oil company, including partnerships, technologies, evaluations, and measurements of impact. The presentation emphasizes that a performance-based approach can reduce time to competency and burden on operations while engaging employees.
The Distinguished Lecturer Program is primarily funded by donations to the SPE Foundation and contributions from Offshore Europe. Additional support is provided by AIME. The program allows industry professionals to serve as lecturers. Martin Rylance will give a presentation called "The Fracts of Life" covering key aspects of geomechanics, formation permeability, fracturing, QA/QC, and the transition from vertical to horizontal wells.
The document discusses injectivity decline in water injectors. It provides an overview of the main mechanisms of impairment, including solids deposition, water quality issues, and reservoir/well factors. It also discusses options for monitoring injector health, such as pressure-transient analysis, and interventions like back-flushing or re-fracturing to restore injectivity. The key messages are that impairment is complex with multiple causes, but also predictable; mitigation strategies exist but may not always be economically viable; and proper planning, surveillance and considering multiple factors are important for project success.
This document discusses the Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program. It provides the following key details in 3 sentences:
The SPE Distinguished Lecturer Program is funded primarily by the SPE Foundation through member donations and Offshore Europe. It allows industry professionals to serve as lecturers on topics like CO2 storage and CO2-EOR. Additional support is provided by AIME to further the program's educational mission.
The document summarizes funding sources and support for the Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program, which is primarily funded by member donations to The SPE Foundation and a contribution from Offshore Europe. Additional support comes from companies that allow employees to serve as lecturers and from AIME. The document then outlines the topics to be covered in a presentation on 4D seismic history matching.
This document discusses developing the next generation of completion engineers through advanced engineering training. It defines the need for such training by highlighting workforce gaps, global expansion of unconventionals, and the multidisciplinary knowledge required. Training options presented include internally-focused engineering programs and using industry resources from SPE. Companies that focus on advanced training will have a more competent workforce.
The Society of Petroleum Engineers Distinguished Lecturer Program provides funding through member donations and industry support to bring expert lecturers to discuss emerging topics. This lecture discusses how big data analytics can help petroleum engineers and geoscientists reduce costs, improve productivity and efficiency by analyzing large datasets to find patterns and relationships. Case studies demonstrate applications in reservoir modeling, production optimization, and predictive maintenance.
The document discusses coiled tubing telemetry (CTT) technology. It provides an overview of CTT, including its description and benefits. It also presents four case histories that demonstrate how CTT improved coiled tubing operations by enabling real-time downhole data acquisition. CTT allowed operations to be completed more efficiently and safely by mitigating uncertainties in unknown downhole conditions. The case histories show that CTT can reduce operational time and costs for applications like logging, milling, perforating and camera runs. The document concludes that CTT will become commonly used for coiled tubing operations to make them less people intensive and more automated.
The document summarizes a presentation on the past, present, and future of oil prices. It explains that oil prices rose extraordinarily since 1970 due to above-ground hurdles limiting supply expansion. Recent price declines are attributed to slowing global growth and rising shale oil production. Technological advances may allow shale and other sources to continue growing, keeping supply abundant and prices in the range of $40-60 per barrel long-term.
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Creating a Worldwide Unconventional Revolution Through a Technically Driven Strategy
1. Primary funding is provided by
The SPE Foundation through member donations
and a contribution from Offshore Europe
The Society is grateful to those companies that allow their
professionals to serve as lecturers
Additional support provided by AIME
Society of Petroleum Engineers
Distinguished Lecturer Program
www.spe.org/dl
2. Society of Petroleum Engineers
Distinguished Lecturer Program
www.spe.org/dl 2
Basak Kurtoglu, PhD
Citi Global Energy Group
Creating a Worldwide
Unconventional Revolution
Through Technically Justifiable Strategies
3. The Unconventional Resource Revolution
in North America
3
Technology enabled
production from unconventional
reservoirs
‒ Horizontal drilling increased
reservoir contact area
‒ Hydraulic fracturing enhanced
very low permeability
2000-2010 Highlights:
‒ All started with the Barnett in
Texas
‒ Development of Bakken in
Montana shifted to North
Dakota
‒ The Marcellus started to
develop in Pennsylvania and
West Virginia
‒ Activity in the Haynesville
started in eastern
Texas/western Louisiana
Basin
Shale
Prospective
Shallow
Intermediate
Deep
US Unconventional Play Development
2010- 2015 Highlights
‒ Eagle Ford became the lead for oil production
‒ Permian has received great attention with multi-horizon
development opportunities
‒ Unconventional development propelled the United States to
produce more oil than it imports for the first time in 20 years
4. How to Develop Unconventionals Worldwide?
4Source: EIA, Aug 2016
Key Factors for Success
Operational Execution
Technical Understanding
Strategic Development Plan
Technically Recoverable Shale Resources
0
500
1000
1500
GAS(TCF)
Shale Gas
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
OIL(BILLIONBBL)
Shale Oil
5. 5
Reservoir Characterization
Operational Execution
Value Creation
Integrated Workflow
Petroleum system
Targeting and landing
Multi-horizon development
Completion design
Well spacing
Improved/Enhanced recovery
Development Strategy
Unconventional Approach
6. 6
Source Rock Properties- Reservoir Characterization
TOC: 2- 4 weight %
kmarl: 5.0E-07 md
TOC: 25- 28 weight %
kshale: 4.0E-08 md
Pore structure-
Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM)
Maturity- Total Organic
Carbon (TOC)
Ductility
Low permeability (k)
Bakken (Locally Sourced)
Kurtoglu, 2013 & Rosen et al., 2014 (SPE 168965) 6
1 mile
Appraisal Phase
Eagle Ford (Self-Sourced)
Black Shale SEM
Marl SEM
Development Acreage
7. 7
Pore structure-
Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM)
Micro-fractures
Brittleness
High permeability (k)
kfractured- core: 0.0013 md
kfractured- core: 0.0059 md
Kurtoglu et al., 2014 (SPE 171688) & Rosen et al., 2014 (SPE 168965)
Bakken- Thin Section
Eagle Ford- Thin Section
500 μm
500 μm
Sandstone SEM
Limestone SEM1 mile
Appraisal Phase
Development Acreage
Reservoir Rock Properties- Characterization
8. 8
Target Window- Reservoir CharacterizationCurrentConventional
Strategy
Storage Capacity
Energy/Drive
Thickness and extent
Porosity: type and amount
Fluid(s): type and amount
Pore pressure & GOR
Burial history
Seals
Connectivity
Brittleness of the rock
Faults and natural fractures
Type and amount of clay
Ability to induce fractures
Ability to maintain fractures
Unconventional
Strategy
Source Rock %: 70
Reservoir Rock %: 30
Frequency: 1/10ft
Source Rock %: 70
Reservoir Rock %: 30
Frequency: 3/10ft
Increased Interbedding= Increased Connectivity
LOW HIGH
1ft
Reservoir Rock: Brittle
Source Rock: Ductile
9. 9
Fluid Properties- Reservoir Characterization
Black Oil and Volatile Oil System
IncreasedRecoverywith
DecreasedViscosity
1,000
2,000
2,400
3,000
14,000
12,000
6,000
5,000
GOR=4,000
GOR=700
Gas Condensate System
IncreasedRecoverywith
IncreasedCompressibility
Increased capillary pressure
Bubble point suppression
Delayed multi-phase production
Longer time constant gas-oil ratio (GOR)
Lesser volume of gas released below
bubble point pressure
Unconventional
Nano pore
Conventional
Temperature, ˚F Temperature, ˚F
Pressure,psia
10. 10
Rock-Fluid Interaction- Reservoir Characterization
Kurtoglu et al., 2014 (SPE 171688) & Fakcharoenphol et al., 2014 (SPE 168998)
Transport Processes
Counter-current spontaneous imbibition
High and Low Salinity
Osmotic pressure
Wettability
2- Low Salinity Experiment
after 5 days
Bakken Reservoir Rock
1- High Salinity Experiment
11. 11
Formation Deliverability- Reservoir Characterization
Kurtoglu et al., 2013 (SPE 162921)
Core to field level permeability reconciliation
Near wellbore transient behavior:
Mini- Drill Stem Test (DST)
Target zone identification
Formation deliverability and pressure
Laminated zone
Permeability: 0.013 md
Pressure: 6354 psi
Gamma Ray (GAPI)
Lodgepole
Lower
Bakken
Upper
Bakken
Middle
Bakken
Scallion
Three
Forks
13. 13
Well Life Cycle- Operational Execution
1 2 3 4
Completion Flowback Production Refrac/ Gas Injection
Gas
Production Time
Oil
Water
1 mile
NormalizedCumulativeMBOE
%25
Produced Days
Development Acreage
15. 15
Multi-Phase Flowback Bilinear Flow Analysis
Time1/4 (days1/4)
41
1
102.44
efft
t
fff
t
BL
kcwkhn
m
Hydrocarbon
Water
Bilinear Flow: One linear flow within
fracture towards well and one within
the formation towards the fracture
md/cp-
1/psi-
md-
ft-idth
md-
stages
ft-
mobilitytotal
ilitycompressibtotalc
porosity
typermeabilieffectivek
wfracturehydraulicw
typermeabilifracturehydraulick
ofnumbern
thicknessh
t
t
eff
f
f
f
400’ Stage Spacing
250’ Stage Spacing
Hourly Flowback- Operational Execution
Kurtoglu et al., 2015 (SPE 172922)
RateNormalizedPressure
Δp/qt(psi/BBL/D)
Hydraulic
Fracture
Conductivity
Reservoir
Effective
Permeability
Bilinear
Slope
Increased
fracture
conductivity
Increased
reservoir
connectivity
mBL
16. 16
Daily Production- Operational Execution
Multi-Phase Production Linear Flow Analysis
Linear Flow: Linear flow within
stimulated reservoir volume
(SRV) towards well
Hydrocarbon
Water
tteffff
L
ckxhn
m
191.19
Time1/2 (days1/2)
md/cp-
1/psi-
md-
ft-
stages
ft-
mobilitytotal
ilitycompressibtotalc
porosity
typermeabilieffectivek
hhalf-lengtfracturex
ofnumbern
thicknessh
t
t
eff
f
f
400’ Stage Spacing
250’ Stage Spacing
Kurtoglu et al., 2015 (SPE 172922)
RateNormalizedPressure
Δp/qt(psi/BBL/D)
Linear
Slope
Increased
reservoir
connectivity
Reservoir
Effective
Permeability
Fracture
Half-
Length
Increased
SRV
mL
17. 17
Geological Impact- Operational Execution
Key Attributes
Pore Pressure
Thickness
Porosity
Water Saturation
Fault/Structure
Fracture Intensity
CumulativeOilProduction(BBLS)
Time (days)
Good Geology
SRV: 28 acre
Time1/4 (days1/4)
Poor Geology
SRV: 13 acre
RateNormalizedPressure
Δp/qt(psi/BBL/D)
Well in Sweet Spot area
Well in Poor Geological Area
1 mile
Development Acreage
High
Risk
Low
Risk
Geological
Risk
18. 18
Well Spacing- Value Creation
Defining boundaries of
reservoir both vertically
and horizontally
Simulation of scenarios
Determine point of
diminishing return
Validation with field results
NetPresentValue($M)
Well Count/Spacing Unit
CumulativeOil(BBLS)
Reservoir Modeling for Well Spacing
80 acre: 3 well/unit
40 acre: 6 well/unit
60 acre: 4 well/unit
Time (days)
Increased Well
Interference
80 acre: 3 well/unit
40 acre: 6 well/unit
60 acre: 4 well/unit
Time (days)
CumulativeOil(BBLS)
Time (days)
CumulativeOil(BBLS)
Actual 40 acre well
80 acre: 3 well/unit
40 acre: 6 well/unit
60 acre: 4 well/unit
1 mile
Development Acreage
High
Risk
Low
Risk
Geological
Risk
19. Time1/2 (days1/2)
Well-to-Well Interaction- Value Creation
Negative Frac Interference
Hydraulic Fracture Interference
Overlooked risk during infill
development
Awareness of dynamic alteration
of reservoir
Positive or negative impact on
existing production
Incorporate into plan of
development
Kurtoglu et al., 2015 (SPE 172922)
1 mile
Development Acreage
Reduced
SRV
Frac Hit
RateNormalizedPressure
Δp/qt(psi/BBL/D)
Linear Flow
High
Risk
Low
Risk
Geological
Risk
Time1/2 (days1/2)
Reduced
SRV
Increased
SRV
Frac Hit
RateNormalizedPressure
Δp/qt(psi/BBL/D)
Linear Flow
Positive Frac Interference
20. 20
Refrac- Value Creation
Application of learnings from
frac interference
Classifying opportunities for
refrac based on:
Increased productivity
Altered fluid mobility
Poor initial completion
Time (days)
Oil rate
increase of
1210 bbl/d
Time1/2 (days1/2)
Δ(86psi/bb/dl)
RateNormalizedPressure
Δp/qt(psi/BBL/D)
OilRate(BBL/D)
WaterRate(BBL/D)
Refrac
86 psi/bbl/d
productivity
increase
Refrac
Kurtoglu et al., 2015 (SPE 172922)
1 mile
High
Risk
Low
Risk
Development Acreage
Geological
Risk
21. 21
Enhanced Recovery- Value Creation
Build
Integrated
Reservoir
Model to
Understand
Physics
Select the Best
Location & Design
Field Application
Characterize
Nano-Pore Rock
and Fluid
Properties
Permeability Distribution
RateNormalizedPressure
(psi/BBL/D)
Time1/2 (days1/2)
Nano-pore
Gas
Injector
Rock Properties
Fluid Properties
Oil Rate (Eagle Ford)
1 mile
Unconventional
Nano pore
Conventional
Primary Development
High
Risk
Low
Risk
Low pressure area
High pressure area
Enhanced Recovery
Less
Potential
More
Potential
Source: EOG, May 2016
22. 22
Enhanced Recovery- Design Consideration
Design
Considerations
Objective
Reservoir Fluid
Target thermally less
matured areas
Fracture Network
Map fracture pathways and
control horizontal
containment
Well Spacing Prevent early breakthrough
Wellbore
Configuration
Compatible casing design to
high pressure limits
Multi-horizon
Development
Less well interference for
vertical containment
EOR Fluid Selection
Injected gas availability
Midstream infrastructure
Compatible Well
Completion
Re-entry to the wellbore for
injection
Target Fluid Window for EOR
Elm Coulee
Parshall – Sanish
- Reunion Bay
Bailey –
Murphy Creek
Antelope
Field
MONTANA
NORTH
DAKOTA
Eagle Ford Gas-Oil Ratio
Bakken Structure
Sub-optimum Areas due to Structural Features for EOR
EOR design should be planned early in the
primary development so that wells are
drilled and completed in a way that is
compatible with the future EOR application
23. 23
Enhanced Recovery- Design Consideration
There has been an increased interest and field
trials in unconventional plays since 2008
North Dakota Bakken: CO2 Huff & Puff (2008),
Water Huff & Puff (2012), Water Flood (2014),
Natural Gas Flood (2014)
Montana Bakken: CO2 Huff & Puff (2009) and
Water Flood (2014)
Eagle Ford: Natural Gas Huff & Puff (2014-
present)
Bakken Water Huff & Puff
Eagle Ford Huff & Puff Gas InjectionBakken Huff & Puff CO2 Injection
Source: SPE 180270, 2016 Source: EOG Investor Presentation, May 2016
Finding cost <$6 per bbl
Capital investment ~$ 1MM per well
Long reserve life and low decline rate
25. CAPEX($MM)
Business Impact
25
Project Review
Base Case
Primary Development
Upside Case
Tertiary Development
Completion
Stage spacing (ft) 350 250
Proppant loading (lb/ft) 600 1,500+
Well spacing 80 40
Well Count 40 160
Net CAPEX ($MM) 243 1,496
Net Reserves (MMBOE) 16 90
NPV10 ($MM) 83 357
ROR (%) 28 30
Discounted NPV10/I 0.42 0.42
NPV10/Acre ($/acre) 26,000 111,000
Primary- Base Case
Primary- Upside Case
Tertiary- Upside Case
Without EOR
EOR started
DailyRate(BOPD)
68,000
26. 26
Conclusions
Petroleum System
Stratigraphic Variations
Fluid Properties
Formation Deliverability
Geomechanical Properties
Reservoir
Characterization
Operational
Execution
Value
Creation
Creating a Worldwide Unconventional Revolution
Completion
Flowback
Production
Geology
Well Spacing
Well to Well Interaction
Refrac
Enhanced Oil Recovery
28. Society of Petroleum Engineers
Distinguished Lecturer Program
www.spe.org/dl 28
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Editor's Notes
Base Case
1- spud to spud: 30 day
2-spud to frac: 120 day for 4 well pad
3- type curve includes completion upside
Upside Blue Case
1- spud to spud: 17 day
2- spud to frac: 80 day for 4 well pad
3- type curve all in
4- EOR starts in 2020
Green Upside Case
1- soud to spud: 60 day
2- spud tp frac: 120 day for 4 well pad
3- type curve all in
4- EOR starts in 2030
I’ve taken you on a journey from the base line valuation of unconventional reservoirs and we’ve now arrived at the true value proposition by incorporating the technical justification of multi-horizon development, selecting the best target, identifying the best completion strategy, finding the right well spacing and finally enriching the portfolio with enhanced recovery techniques to arrive at the true value proposition.
On a single well bases, we’ve gone from 456 MBOE and arrived at the full potential of 637 MBOE.
When we roll up the entire acreage position, we’ve not only increase per well recoveries, but we’ve increased the well counts, yielding a full project reserve recovery going from 18 MMBOE to 102 MMBOE…
Increased recoveries are all well and good, but can we realize economic value with these improvements?
He talked about:
Highest DD&A
Lowest cost to find oil
Value enhancement
Optimization yields better results
Increasing NPV through technical , execution, and decision
The answer is yes. Comparing the base case that consisted of a completion design of 350’ stage spacing, 600 lb/ft and 80 acre well spacing for 40 wells and a total investment of $251MM, we realize an NPV10 of ____ yielding an acreage value of $26,000/acre. By employing the technically justifiable improvements to the most hated, black oil acreage, we’ve improved our completion design to 250’ stage spacing, 1,200 lb/ft and 40 acre well spacing…with a total well count of 160 wells and an investment of $1.5 B, we can now realize and NPV10 of $355 MM, improving our value to a much more favorable $111,000/acre…