The Kuala Lumpur district water supply situation highlights critical operating details of SYABAS, including its infrastructure capabilities and water treatment plants. The document outlines ongoing challenges related to water shortages, mainly due to increased demand and insufficient treatment and distribution capacities, despite the availability of raw water. Syabas has proposed several projects to mitigate water shortages, but implementation has been limited, underlining the necessity for immediate action by the Selangor state government.

1. Kuala Lumpur District
Water Supply Situation
In Selangor, Kuala
Lumpur & Putrajaya

2. Kuala Lumpur District Office
Address:
Jalan Pantai Baharu,
59990 Kuala Lumpur.

3. General Information of SYABAS Kuala Lumpur District
Total Area of Operations 148,811,153 sqm2
Total Populations 1,897,840
Total Accounts 194,328 (as at Oct’12)
Total staff 254
Pipe Length 2,362 km
Trunk Main 8
Reservoirs 116
Suctions 74
Pump Houses 65
Transportation 78 units
Air Scouring Machine 2 units

4. General Information of SYABAS Kuala Lumpur District
WATER TREATMENT
PLANTS
1. Sg. Langat WTP
2. Bukit Nenas WTP
3. Sg Selangor Phase 1 WTP (SSP1)
4. Sg Selangor Phase 2 WTP (SSP2)
5. Wangsa Maju WTP

5. General Information of SYABAS Kuala Lumpur District
Complaints Information
Case 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Type/ (Jan –
Year Oct)
Pipe 1,181 1,014 847 784 683
Bursts
Pipe 11,561 10,159 11,080 12,092 9,643
Leaks
No Water 10,797 11,167 11,210 13,143 20,064
Total 23,539 22,340 23,137 26,019 30,390

6. Issue 1
Responsible parties in the water industry
in Selangor, Kuala Lumpur & Putrajaya

7. Water Management :
Who is responsible in Selangor?

8. Main responsibilities under the Water Concession Agreement
as spelled out by SPAN
Selangor State Government
–“The Selangor State Government is fully-responsible to ensure the
availability of raw water for processing by Water Treatment Plants
(WTPs). They are also fully-responsible to ensure WTPs produce
enough treated water for SYABAS to distribute to Selangor, Wilayah
Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya”.
Clause 7.4:
–The State Government shall be responsible to develop water supply
schemes to ensure the supply is adequate to be distributed by the
Company to the consumers.
8

9. Main responsibility under the
Water Concession Agreement as spelled out by SPAN
• SYABAS
“SYABAS, under the Concession Agreement (CA) is responsible
to supply and distribute treated water in Selangor, Kuala
Lumpur and Putrajaya and NOT to ensure adequate supply of
treated water.”
9

10. RESPONSIBILITIES OF WATER SUPPLY
MANAGEMENT
(SYABAS)
I. Supply and distribution of treated water within designated distribution
areas.
II. Purchase of treated water from Water Treatment Plant Operators.
III. Take over, upgrading, managing, maintaining and protecting including
ensuring the safety of all treated water distribution infrastructure.
IV. Design, build and commissioning of new infrastructure and managing,
and maintaining the new infrastructure.
V. Reserves the rights to demand, collect the gazetted tariff for the supply
and distribution of treated water to consumers.
10

11. RESPONSIBILITIES OF WATER TREATMENT
OPERATORS (SPLASH, ABASS, PUNCAK NIAGA (M) SDN BHD,
KASB)
 Operation and maintenance seven (7) dams and 34 WTPs to
ensure:-
 Supply of treated water in the quantities specified in the
agreement with Selangor State Government.
 Supply of treated water complying to the quality standards
set by Ministry of Health (MOH).
 Sale of treated water to SYABAS, limited to the current capacity
of the WTPs and as specified in the agreements with the
Selangor State Government.
11

12. Issue 2
Where does SYABAS get the treated
water from ?

13. Where does SYABAS get the treated water from ?
Operator No of WTPs Design
Capacity
Puncak Niaga 29 1,930 MLD
SPLASH SSP1, SSP3 and 2,000 MLD
Rasa
ABASS Sg. Semenyih 546 MLD
KASB Sg. Labu 105 MLD
13

15. TREATED WATER DEMAND 2007 - 2012
Increase in Increase in
Supply Average Demand Demand
Demand As
Year Capacity Demand
Per Billed
(MLD) (MLD) MLD % MLD %
2007 4196 3811 - - 2489 - -
2008 4326 3866 55 +1.44 2575 86 +3.45
2009 4326 3922 56 +1.45 2652 77 +2.99
2010 4326 4063 141 +3.40 2747 95 +3.58
2011 4326 4143 80 +1.97 2788 41 +1.49
Jan –
Jun 4436 4299 137 +3.08 2879 91 +3.26
2012
Increase in Supply Capacity :
a) February 2008 : Main supply pipe from Rasa WTP (Phase 1) = 130 MLD
b) 20 March 2012 : WTP Sg. Labu (Phase 1) = 45 JLH
Daily Production– 22 November 2012
a) Daily Production of all WTPs = 4,406 MLD
b) Current maximum distribution = 4,436 MLD
c) Current reserve capacity = 0.7 %

16. Issue 4
WHY THE WATER CRISIS IS
HAPPENING NOW ?

17. WTP CAPACITY
• The water crisis that is happening now is due to insufficient capacity
of WTPs and distribution system to produce enough treated water
to cater for the one increasing demand. The crisis is NOT due to
insufficient amount of raw water to be processed.
17

18. Number increase in supply capacity since 2002
1990's - 2002 2002 - 2004 1J anuari 2005 - Julai 2012
Kerajaan Negeri Kerajaan Negeri Kerajaan Negeri
● Pembangunan 1990 - SSP1 Fasa 1 (Peringkat 1) (475 JLH) Tiada ● Tiada projek rawatan air baru yang
Kapasiti Bekalan ● Kerajaan Negeri Selangor dengan pembangunan dibangunkan oleh Kerajaan Negeri
Air Terawat pinjaman daripada Konsortium J epun sumber air baru Selangor
Merupakan sebanyak RM830 J uta. ● Kerajaan Persekutuan membiayai Projek
Tanggungjawab 1992 - SSP1 Fasa 2 (Peringkat 2) (475 JLH) Penyaluran Air Mentah dari Negeri
Kerajaan Negeri ● Kerajaan Negeri Selangor dengan Pahang ke Negeri Selangor. Tetapi tidak
pinjaman daripada Kerajaan Persekutuan. dapat kelulusan untuk pembangunan
Loji Air Langat 2 (2,260 JLH).
1995 - SSP2 Fasa 2 (950 JLH) ● Kerajaan Persekutuan juga membiayai
● Penswastaan Loji Rawatan Kepada pembangunan Loji Air Sg Labu (105 J LH)
Puncak Niaga Sdn Bhd oleh Kerajaan yang siap pada akhir tahun 2011 dan
Negeri Selangor. Fasa 1 (45 J mula beroperasi pada 20
LH)
2000 - SSP3 Dan Loji Sg Rasa (1,050 JLH) March 2012.
● Penswastaan Loji Rawatan Air kepada
SPLASH oleh Kerajaan Negeri Selangor.
● Pengurusan
Perkhidmatan
Pengagihan Jabatan Bekalan Air Selangor PUAS Bhd SYABAS
Bekalan Air
Bersih
Kekurangan kapasiti bekalan air mula dialami
kerana peningkatan permintaan air tidak
diiringi dengan pembangunan kapasiti bekalan
air.

19. SYABAS Recommendations to Selangor State
Government
• SYABAS had advised the Federal Government and Selangor Government
to increase the supply of treated water since May 2005, in line with the
Concession Agreement
Clause 7.4 (b):
“If the Company anticipates or forecasts a shortfall in the supply of raw water, the Company (SYABAS) shall
notify the State Government in writing of such shortfall together with the Company’s proposal as to how such
shortfall may be overcome. Such notice and proposal shall be given to the State Government at least three (3)
years prior to the date of the anticipated or forecasted shortfall of raw water. The State Government
shall not be obliged to implement the Company’s proposal or any part thereof and shall have the right at
its discretion to determine how the shortfall shall be overcome.”
• SYABAS had submitted 10 proposals to Selangor Government to increase the water
supply. 8 projects were approved initially, however, only 1 project has been
implemented. Of the 10 proposals, 9 were to increase the supply of raw water
and 1 project was to increase the capacity of treated water production.
19

20. Issue 5
Some of the Dams Are Filled To The
Brim, Why Is There Water Shortage ?

21. 21

22. 22

23. • Dams serve the function to contain and
control the flow of rivers. Uncontrolled
water release from dams will negatively
impact the fragile balance of the
ecosystem.
• Most of the WTPs pump water direct from
the rivers and not from the dams.
• Treated water is produced by Water
Treatment Operators while the operations
of WTP and dam management is not
under the jurisdiction of SYABAS.
23

24. • Despite the dams being full, the WTPs have a limited
capacity to pump water from the rivers for treatment
as the capacity depends on the design of the WTPs.
• After the raw water is pumped to the maximum to be
used by the WTP, the balance will flow to the sea.
• Though sometimes dams do overflow and raw water
is abundant, still the capacity to allow intake and
processing will highly depend on the design capacity
of the WTPs. Thus it also determines the amount of
water that is available for purchase and distributed
by SYABAS.
24

25. Issue 6
What are the immediate steps taken by
SYABAS to mitigage the water shortage
situation?

26. Steps To Overcome Water Shortage
• SYABAS have submitted proposals to the
Federal Government to implement several
mitigation projects to lessen the effects of water
shortage until new WTPs are built.
• The Federal Government have agreed to embark
on Projek Mitigasi 1 and Mitigasi 2 as proposed
by SYABAS with an estimated cost of RM606
million :
– 3 mitigation projects implemented by SYABAS.
– 5 mitigation projects implemented by Selangor
State Government.
- All projects are financed via loan from the
Federal Government. 26

27. Steps to reduce the effect of water shortage
The projects outlined by SYABAS is based on factors such as :
• In crisis, existing WTPs can operate beyond design capacity
(‘overload’) for a short period only.
• WTPs need development of new distribution systems to
distribute water effectively to the consumers.
• There are a few WTPs that are not operating to its design
capacity.
• WTPs operating below its design capacity and potentially able to
upgrade its production are:
– SSP1 (from 800 MLD to 950 MLD)
– SSP3 (from 700 MLD to 800 MLD) 27
– Rasa (from 150 MLD to 250 MLD)

28. 28

29. Issue 7
What is the result of the Mitigasi 1
Mitigasi 2 Project implementation
on water supply ?

30. WATER SUPPLY SITUATION IF ALL APPROVED PROJECTS
IMPLEMENTED AS SCHEDULED
WATER SUPPLY PROJECTION WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SG LABU WTP, MITIGASI 1 & 2
Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Distribution capacity
(MLD) (A)
4,326 4,436 4,596 4,596 4,846 4,846 4,846
Projection of Demand
without 10% Reserve 4,143 4,310 4,427 4,569 4,773 4,985 5,205
(MLD) (B)
Water Reserves
(MLD) [A –B] +183 +126 +169 +27 +73 -139 -359
4.42% 2.92% 3.82% 0.59% 1.53% (-2.79%) (-6.90%)
Projection of Water
Demand With 10% 4,557 4,741 4,869 5,026 5,250 5,483 5,726
Reserves (MLD) [C]
Water Reserves -231
(MLD) ( A-C) -305 -273 -430 -404 -637 -880
(-
(-7.08%) (-6.18%) (-9.41%) (-8.47%) (-12.79%) (-16.90%)
5.58%)

31. Issue 8
What is the status on the Reduction of NRW
(Non-Revenue Water) by SYABAS ?

32. NRW PROGRAMS IMPLEMENTED IN THE 1ST AND 2ND
OPERATIONAL PERIOD (2005-2008)
• SYABAS have embarked on numerous NRW programs since the commencement of the
CA in 2005 - 2008 based on the NRW masterplan.
• Among the major programs were:
Operational Period
Bil. Program 1&2
(2005-2008)
1. Replacement of Old Pipes (km) 811
2. Replacement of Communication Pipes (set) 150,000
3. Pressure Management Programs (DMZ/PMZ) (nos) 798
4. Replacement of Old Meters (nos) 730,835
5. Replacement of EM Meters (nos) 450
6. Prevention of Water Theft Continuously
• For the first 3 years from 2005-2008, NRW was significantly reduced from 42.78% to
33.17% with savings of 328 MLD.

33. 33

34. 34

35. NRW PROGRAMS IMPLEMENTED DURING 3RD AND 4TH OPERATIONAL
PERIOD (2009-2012)
SYABAS endevours to further reduce NRW could not be continued after 2008
due to the factors such as :
a) Proposed Water Restructuring Exercise of the water distribution industry
in Selangor has resulted in the freeze of Capital Expenditure (CAPEX)
including NRW projects since July 2008, except for very critical projects.
The effects can be seen in the limited number of projects approved in the
Operational
Period 3 (2009-2011).
b) Delays in Tariff Increase in the Operational Period 3 scheduled to
commence on 1 January 2009 have severely affected SYABAS cash flow.
c) Financial Constraint due to inability to source for financial assistance either
through earlier agreements or new sources due to factors (a) and (b) .
35

36. 6.4.5 PROPOSED AND REJECTED BUDGETTED EXPENDITURE IN
OPERATIONAL PERIOD 2009-2012
Proposed and approved expenditure for Operational Period 3 and 4 for NRW:
Catatan: Tidak termasuk program-program yang diluluskan di bawah Program Mitigasi 1 dan 2.

37. CONCLUSIONS ON NRW
ACTIVITIES
i) Only the reduction of physical loss will allows more water to be distributed
to consumers.
ii) SYABAS has successfully reduced NRW from 42.78% in 2005 to 33.17% in
three (3) years beginning 2005 - 2008, with physical savings of 328 MLD.
iii) NRW reduction were affected after 2007 since only a small number of NRW
projects were approved for implementation in 3rd and 4th operational period.
37

38. 38

39. Issue 9
What are the Emergency Facilities available
in SYABAS ?
39

40. EMERGENCY FACILITIES
No. Facilities Quantity Service Capacity to
Consumers
1.0 Lorry Tankers (1200 gallons) 42 27,000 accounts
2.0 2.1 Static Tanks (1000 gallons) 26
2.2 Static Tanks (600 gallons) 223
23,730 accounts
2.3 Static Tanks (500 gallons) 226
Number of Static Tanks 475
Total 50,730 accounts *
3.0 Water filling stations 80 Location
4.0 Drivers with GDL License (class E) 178 staff
5.0 Capacity to receive calls/ complaints 60 Call Lines
(Toll Free)

41. 41

42. 42

43. • The emergency facilities provided by SYABAS is mostly used in the followings
situations:
- Unscheduled water disruptions :-
i) Pipe Bursts
ii) Pollutions resulting in ceased operations of WTPs and water production.
iii) Disruption of power supply to pump-houses.
- Scheduled disruptions due to upgrading distribution system
- Scheduled disruption due to WTPs carry out maintenance works
• The facilities is only limited to deployment of lorry tankers of 30 litres per day per
per family for domestic needs like cooking and drinking.
43

44. CONCLUSION
44

45. 1. Based on the situation and reserve capacity since 2 months ago,
SYABAS is in the opinion that water crisis has started and the
reserve capacity is currently below 3% whereby ideally it should
be at 10%.
2. SYABAS have complied in accordance to the Concession
Agreement including:
- Operation and Management to reduce the effects of water
shortage. .
– Water demand projection and proposed numerous action
plans to mitigate water shortage/crisis that have been expected
to happen since 2005.
– Carried out CAPEX works including NRW programs to replace
old distribution assets to reduce NRW but the programs was
affected due to CAPEX freeze since July 2008.
45

46. 3. Based on the water demand projection, with the commissioning of
Sg Labu WTP, mitigation program 1&2, water rerserves is still very
low, with the risk of water shortage. Therefore, addtional projects
need to be implemented immediately or on “fast track” basis
such as the Langat 2 WTP.
4. SYABAS capacity is limited to service only 10,000 accounts per
case of water shortage. The Federal and State Governments
need to be ready with a comprehensive action plan to mitigate
the water shortage situation that goes beyond SYABAS capacity.
46

47. 47

48. STATUS PROJEK MITIGASI 1 YANG DILULUSKAN
Anggaran Kapasiti
Kos Pihak Jangkaan
Nama Projek Tambaha Status Terkini
Pelaksana Tarikh Siap
(RM Juta) n (Mld)
Daripada 30 Pakej, 13 Pakej
Projek
telah dianugerahkan dan lain- 2013 – 2014
Penggantian
170 - SYABAS lain Pakej yang tinggal akan di (Siap
Paip Air
keluarkan dibawah aliran tunai Berperingkat)
Lama
RMK-10
Sistem Dalam peringkat pembinaan
Penggalak 15 25 SYABAS dan dijadualkan siap pada Mei 2013
BRH bulan Mei 2013
Menaiktaraf
Sistem Pam Kerajaan Dalam peringkat pembinaan
Air Mentah 90 100 Negeri dan dijadualkan siap pada Mac 2013
SSP1 (Skim Selangor bulan Mac 2013
2)
Jumlah 275 125
48

49. STATUS PROJEK MITIGASI 2 YANG DILULUSKAN
Anggaran Kapasiti
Kos Pihak Jangkaan
Nama Projek Tambaha Status Terkini
Pelaksana Tarikh Siap
(RM Juta) n (JLH)
Pengagihan Semula
Kerajaan Dalam peringkat
SSP 1 yang
67 50 Negeri perlantikan 2015
Dinaiktaraf
Selangor Jurutera Perunding
Kapasitinya
Kerajaan Dalam peringkat
Skim Agihan Semula
81 100 Negeri perlantikan 2015
SSP 3
Selangor Jurutera Perunding
Kerajaan Dalam peringkat
Pemindahan Rasa 74 100 Negeri perlantikan 2015
Selangor Jurutera Perunding
Penggantian Aset Loji Kerajaan Dalam peringkat
Rawatan Air Sg. 33 - Negeri perlantikan 2013
Semenyih Selangor Jurutera Perunding
2013 - 2014
Dalam peringkat
(Siap
Skim NRW 76 101 SYABAS penyediaan
Berperingkat
dokumen tender
)
Jumlah 331 351
49

50. Rumusan Mitigasi 1 dan 2
• Rezab bekalan air diantara 2012 – 2015 masih tersangat
rendah dan berada dibawah 3% setelah penyiapan projek2
mitigasi berbanding dengan rezab yang diharapkan sebanyak
10%.
• Dengan terlaksananya projek-projek Mitigasi 1 dan 2,
kesemua loji-loji penapisan akan beroperasi secara
maksimum dan beberapa loji penapisan akan berterusan
beroperasi secara ‘overload’ yang akan meningkatkan risiko
berlaku kerosakan kepada peralatan-peralatan diloji-loji.Ini
pula bergantung kepada jumlah air mentah yang terdapat
didalam sungai.
• Tiada pilihan selain daripada mempercepatkan pembinaan loji
penapisan air yang baru – Loji Langat 2 untuk menampung
keperluan selepas 2015.
50