Creating a safety program
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The document outlines an industrial safety policy with four main elements: 1) Management, leadership, and employee involvement in safety planning and activities. 2) Worksite analysis to identify and eliminate hazards through regular inspections. 3) Hazard prevention and control through equipment maintenance, training, and monitoring workplace hazards. 4) Safety training and education for all employees on safety rules and emergency procedures.
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Creating a safety program
- 1. INDUSTRIAL SAFETY POLICY LIJO M LOYID MBA SMS, CUSAT
- 2. Four Elements of an Industrial Safety Policy • Element 1 - Management, Leadership and Employee Involvement. • Element 2 – Worksite Analysis • Element 3 - Hazard Prevention and Control. • Element 4 – Safety and Health Training and Education.
- 3. ELEMENT 1 Management/Leadership/Employee Involvement • Employer and employee involvement and communication on workplace-safety and health issues are essential. • Post the company’s written safety and health policy for all to see. • Involve all employees in policy making on safety and health issues. • Everyone must take an active part in Safety Activities.
- 4. Management/Leadership/Employee Involvement • What is Workplace Safety? • Definition: The process of protecting employees from work related illness and injury. It starts by the development of a company Environmental, Safety and Health Policy statement and implementation of a work place safety plan and program.
- 5. Basic Principles of Good Safety Management Management Commitment Documented Safety Philosophy Safety Goals and Objectives Committee Organization for Safety Line Responsibility for Safety Supportive Safety Staff Rules and Procedures Audits Safety Communications Safety Training Accident Investigations Motivation
- 6. Management/Leadership/Employee Involvement • We must promote the goal of ZERO INCIDENT PERFORMANCE through planning. • Safety Goals must be Communicated- They must be Realistic and they need to reflect the Safety Culture of your organization. • Your Safety Culture requires strong commitment from the top and Safety must truly be the #1 priority. It must become an integral part of your business and Safety must become EVERYONE’s responsibility.
- 7. Basic Safety Philosophy • Every Incident can be avoided. • No Job is worth getting hurt for. • Every job will be done safely. • Incidents can be managed. • Safety is Everyone’s Responsibility. • Safety/Best manufacturing practices • Safety standards, procedures and practices must be developed. • Training- Everyone must understand AND meet the requirements. • Working Safely is a Condition of Employment
- 8. Key Safety Principles • Working Safely is a condition of employment. • Each employee is expected to give consideration to the prevention of injury to self and co-workers. • Involvement and thinking of all people in the safety process is valued and expected. • Continual Improvement is the goal. • Individuals and teams must be recognized for their adherence to and advancement of safety.
- 9. Maintaining an Incident Free Environment • Shared Vision • Cultural Alignment • Focus on Incident Control • Upstream Systems • Feedback • Cultural Change • Commitment
- 10. Implementing Industrial Safety Policy Use of Inspections, surveillances, incident reporting, AHA’s Investigations, corrective actions, provide Safety leadership
- 11. Industrial Safety Policy • Purpose- To reduce work-related injury & illness • Content- The program should include any policy, procedure, training that protects workers from work-related injury and illness while on the job. • Concerns- Promote & reward safe practices at work, reducing injuries & illnesses at work and eliminating fatalities at work.
- 12. Allow for Continuous Improvement In workplace safety and health, continuous improvement is about: •Seeking better ways to work •Measuring performance •Reporting against set targets •Evaluating compliance with procedures, standards and regulations •Understanding the causes of incidents and injuries and •Openly acknowledging and promptly correcting deficiencies.
- 13. Measuring Performance Performance can be measured by: •Reduction in frequency of lost-time injury •Reduction in frequency of medical treatment (beyond first-aid care) injury. •Reduction in number of sick days used •Lower workers compensation costs •Lower medical benefits payments ( doctor’s visits, prescription drugs)
- 14. Workplace Safety Training • Staff member training and education about safety rules and their responsibilities in the workplace will pay off in a safer and healthier workforce. Remember: the health and safety of employees are affected not only by their own actions but by those of co-workers. • Ensure that everyone in the workplace is properly trained: managers, supervisors all full and part time and temporary workers. • Make sure no one does any job that appears unsafe.
- 15. Workplace Safety Training • Hold emergency preparedness drills for workers. Include nature of drill and expectations for employees during the drill. • Pay close attention to employees learning new operations to make sure they have the proper job skills and awareness of the hazards. Expectations must be provided in the trainings. • Supervisors and managers must be trained to recognize hazards and understand their responsibilities. Provide them with guidelines for reporting and correcting hazards.
- 16. Supervisors Responsibilities • SET EXAMPLE • KNOW, COMMUNICATE, AND ENFORCE STANDARDS • OBSERVE EMPLOYEES WORKING • ANALYZE & DISCUSS SAFETY HAZARDS • COMMUNICATE WITH YOUR EMPLOYEES • FOLLOW UP WITH YOUR EMPLOYEES • TRAIN ALL EMPLOYEES ON RULES & PROCEDURES • CONDUCT INSPECTIONS • ACKNOWLEDGE SAFETY BEHAVIOR • INVESTIGATE & REPORT ACCIDENTS • CORRECT UNSAFE UNHEALTHFUL CONDITIONS
- 17. THANK YOU!
- 18. Element #2 - Worksite Analysis • Analyze all workplace conditions to identify and eliminate existing or potential hazards. • An outline of the procedure for reporting hazards • Perform analysis on a regular and timely basis. • Make certain all employees know and understand current hazard analysis for all jobs and processes. • Focus workplace design on all physical aspects of the work environment, including the following: – Size and arrangement of work space – Physical demands of the tasks to be performed – Design of tools and other devices people use • The fundamental goal of a workplace design is to improve people’s ability to be productive, without error or accident, for extended time periods. Proper workplace design improves both safety and productivity. • We want to eliminate hazards during the design or planning stages of a project • Review incident causes, inspection results to help identify trends • Knowledge of Emergency Response Plans and procedures and participation in drills
- 19. Identifying and Evaluating Potential Hazards SAFETY AUDITS / INSPECTIONS Purpose - Inspection of work areas and audits of safety programs are tools that can be used to identify problems and hazards before these conditions result in accidents or injuries. Audits also help to identify the effectiveness of safety program management and can be used as a guide to assure regulatory compliance and a safe workplace. Responsibilities •Management •Design and schedule audit and inspection procedures for all work areas, processes and procedures. •Conduct routine audits and inspections •Ensure audits are conducted by employees who understand the various safety programs and policies •Supervisors •conduct informal daily safety inspections and ensure all unsafe conditions are corrected •conduct documented weekly inspections and ensure all unsafe conditions are corrected Corrections •All safety deficiencies found during audits and inspections should be corrected as soon as possible. Documentation of corrections should be made on the audit or inspection sheet. And conditions that present a hazards are to be corrected or controlled immediately.
- 20. Identifying and Evaluating Potential Hazards SAFETY AUDITS / INSPECTIONS Types of Inspections •Supervisor & Management Daily Walk-through: this is an undocumented inspection that is made daily prior to startup and shift change to ensure the facility and equipment are in safe conditions for Employees. All noted unsafe areas are placed in a safe condition prior to Employees working in the area. •Weekly Supervisor Inspections are conducted and recorded with a Employee. This documented inspection provides a focus to ensure current hazard controls are still effective, equipment is in safe condition and safe work practices are in use. Discrepancies are listed on the inspection sheet, recorded on work orders for correction. The inspection sheet is forwarded to the Safety Manager for review and logging to track discrepancy correction. •Monthly Safety Committee Inspection. Each month members of the Safety Committee will tour the entire facility with the Safety Manager. This tour is to ensure Safety Committee Members are familiar with all areas of the operation. Record of problem areas, committee recommendations and deficiencies will be recorded and provided to management. •Noise Surveys are conducted at least annually, or whenever facility modifications are made that impact the ambient or specific work area noise levels, Noise surveys are conducted by qualified persons with calibrated instruments
- 21. Identifying and Evaluating Potential Hazards SAFETY AUDITS / INSPECTIONS Equipment Inspections Are conducted to ensure specific safety equipment is in good working order and will function when needed. Examples and frequencies are: •All construction equipment - Daily prior to use – (use form and file) •Sprinkler Inspection - Monthly •Boiler Checks- Daily, Weekly , Monthly, Yearly •Emergency Lighting Test - Monthly •Fire Extinguisher Inspections - Monthly •Safety Equipment Inventories - Monthly •Emergency Lighting 90 Min. Test - Semiannually •Respirator Inspections- Before / After Use (Monthly at a minimum) •Hand tools – Daily •Scaffolding – Daily
- 22. Identifying and Evaluating Potential Hazards SAFETY AUDITS / INSPECTIONS Program Audits are conducted to check the administration of specific safety and health programs. Program Audits of the following shall be conducted annually. •Accident Prevention •Fire Prevention •Material Handling •Flammable Material Storage •Lockout-Tagout •Hazard Communication •Personal Protective Equipment •Confined Space Entry •Asbestos Controls •Boiler Safety •Bloodborne Pathogens •Contractor Safety •Electrical Safety •Tool Safety •Hot Work •Respiratory Protection
- 23. Element #3 - Hazard Prevention and Control • Regularly and thoroughly maintain equipment and vehicles. (we just looked at equipment Inspections) • Ensure that employees know how to use and maintain personal protective equipment (PPE) • Train employees in proper procedures for handling specific situations • Monitoring for air quality, heat stress, noise, ergonomics and other job hazards • Emergency Action Plans and procedures - Fire, life safety and first aid issues
- 24. Standard Operating Procedures • Drug Free workplace • Recognition and Awards • Audits and Surveillances • Incident Reporting & Investigation • Lessons Learned • General Safety SOP’s- Lets discuss
- 25. Protecting Employees from Workplace Hazards • Employers must protect employees from hazards such as falling objects, harmful substances, and noise exposures that can cause injury. • Employers must: – Use all feasible engineering and work practice controls to eliminate and reduce hazards. – Use personal protective equipment (PPE) if the controls don’t eliminate the hazards. • PPE is the last level of control!
- 26. Engineering Controls If . . . •The work environment can be physically changed to prevent employee exposure to the potential hazard, Then . . . •The hazard can be eliminated with an engineering control.
- 27. Work Practice/ Administrative Controls • If . . . • Employees can change the way they do their jobs and the exposure to the potential hazard is removed, • Then . . . • The hazard can be eliminated with a work practice or administrative control. • Remember… PPE is the last level of control!
- 28. Activity Hazard Analysis If the accident prevention plan is viewed as the strategic guide for accident prevention….. Activity Hazard Analysis might be seen as the tactical guide. Activity hazard analyses shall be prepared by the contractors performing the work activity."
- 29. Activity Hazard Analysis Activity hazard analysis requires contractors to be proactive in aggressively identifying hazards that can be anticipated and controlling them rather than looking back with 20/20 hindsight.
- 30. AHA Purpose Effective AHA’s help the employer recognize and control hazards and exposures in the workplace. How might the employee’s perception of a “hazard” differ from that of the employer or supervisor?
- 31. Probability Probability is defined as: the chance that a given event will occur. We need to determine if Probability of an accident is low-medium or high and if HIGH- the chances are very likely that an accident could occur.
- 32. Identifying types of hazards • Ergonomics: Eight risk factors – 1. High Frequency; – 2. High Duration; – 3. High Force; – 4. Posture; – 5. Point of Operation; – 6. Mechanical Pressure; – 7. Vibration; – 8. Environmental Exposure.
- 33. Review: Developing an Industrial Safety Policy A written Accident Prevention Plan (APP) can benefit our bottom line and the end result will depend on how well you implement your APP and manage your programs. Management must commit to safety and participate if APP is to get results. Written Safety Policy statement to get employee awareness & involvement . Recordkeeping- Document everything Safety Analysis – Goal is to Eliminate Hazards - AHAs Health & Safety Training – Supervisor Key – All must be trained- Orientations Safety Inspection Immediate Accident Reporting and Accident Investigations Program Reviews •
- 34. THANK YOU!
Editor's Notes
- Notes to Instructor: Welcome everyone to class and tell a little bit about yourself and your credentials in Health and Safety. Give a brief overview of the 3 classes. We will start out today by giving a pre-course exam on safety issues to get a feel for what areas everyone is either weak or strong in. Each week we will do a recap/review and then at the end of the 3 classes we will take another test to see what we have learned and evaluate the class to tweak it and make it better for other classes. There are 3 DVD Videos that go along with the classes. One will be played each week to go along with the curriculum Video #1 is on Accident Investigation The video is 13 minutes and addresses the major areas needed to comply with the standard, including: The goals of an accident investigation Securing an accident scene "Root-cause" analysis The importance of investigative interviews Assisting in an accident investigation Reporting the "near misses" The role of policies, equipment and training on accident prevention Video #2 is on Hazardous Communication Standard and is The video is 17 minutes and addresses the major areas needed to comply with the standard, including: Contents of the OSHA Standard To whom the standard applies Understanding chemicals: Physical and health hazards, Routes of exposure ,Acute or chronic effects ,MSDS and chemical labels ,Personal Protective Equipment , Exposure to hazardous chemicals ,Leaks and spills Video #3 is New Employee Orientation for Construction detailing site hazards. The video is 19 minutes and addresses the major areas needed to comply with the standard. Working in the construction industry brings with it many challenges and dangers. Your employer is working to ensure you make it home safe and sound at the end of the work day. Whether you are a painter, carpenter, electrician, plumber or roofer, your health and safety is the number one priority at the work site. As an employee, you are faced every day with situations that require prior training, quick decisions and proper actions. This booklet discusses a variety of topics and introduces some basic safety rules to help you recognize and prevent hazards at the work site. Your employer will provide more in-depth training on each topic as needed. This training program on "Safety Orientation for Construction" encourages employees to have a positive attitude about safety as well as provides introductory safety training on some of the most common workplace safety issues. Videos are from National Safety Compliance – Previews available on line at www.osha-safety-training.net
- Over the next 3 weeks we will look at these three in detail - Our GOAL IS THAT SUPERVISORS WILL BE BETTER ABLE TO IMPLEMENT SAFETY PROGRAMS INTO THEIR ROUTINE OPERATIONS….. We have a number of different types of businesses represented here and we want everyone to learn techniques to help improve safety for your specific organization…….We want everyone to decrease job related injuries, illnesses and fatalities. This is a new proto type program…..so it will change based on your input and comments and recommendations. We value your input and request that you ask questions. If we don’t have time during class, we will be glad to stay after and my email will be available for any needing further information. Today we begin with ….Management, leadership and Employee Involvement
- 1. If safety goals are not set at zero, an employer sends a message to employees that severe and disabling incidents are acceptable. One must understand that the safety culture must be viewed similar to a quality program. The zero incidents concept must be agreed upon and understood by management first. Management leaders that demonstrate a personal commitment and genuine interest to safety can have a substantial impact on any organization. This coupled with employee participation and management support is one of the key success factors in any safety program. If you take a look at safety management principles, they show us that about 96% of all incidents are caused by unsafe acts of people or unsafe conditions. So in times past the worker was always blamed for accidents If you relate these two theories together and think about what has been stated, management has control of employee actions and thus control of the entire safety system. Clearly, management controls the …..purse strings. If you have ever studied the successes of Dr. Deming, you will find that some of his philosophies can be adapted to safety quite well. According to Dr. Edward Deming, 94% of the problems in business are due to lack of management commitment. * We must adopt a safety culture that fits the needs of the organization. YOUR ORGANIZATION
- Benefits of Good Safety Management: Protects the employees’ well-being Reduces the amount of money paid out in: Health insurance benefits Workers’ compensation benefits and Wages for temporary help Saves cost of: Lost-work hours (days away from work or restricted hours or job transfer), Time spent in orienting temporary help Programs and services that may suffer due to fewer employees Safety can never be managed on a campaign basis. Effective safety management must be ongoing. The effort devoted to safety gives a good return, not only in terms of a reduction in the cost of medical and workers’ compensation, but also in greater productivity, improved product or research quality, better employee relations, and a overall operation improvement. Managing safety involves changing the way employees think. - This is a key principle When you have successfully influenced a worker’s thinking about safety, you can also modify his attitude to other work priorities. This modification leads to better management and is the key to improved employee relations and greater productivity. next slide – accident defination!!!!
- 1. If safety goals are not set at zero, an employer sends a message to employees that severe and disabling incidents are acceptable. One must understand that the safety culture must be viewed similar to a quality program. The zero incidents concept must be agreed upon and understood by management first. Management leaders that demonstrate a personal commitment and genuine interest to safety can have a substantial impact on any organization. This coupled with employee participation and management support is one of the key success factors in any safety program. If you take a look at safety management principles, they show us that about 96% of all incidents are caused by unsafe acts of people or unsafe conditions. So in times past the worker was always blamed for accidents If you relate these two theories together and think about what has been stated, management has control of employee actions and thus control of the entire safety system. Clearly, management controls the …..purse strings. If you have ever studied the successes of Dr. Deming, you will find that some of his philosophies can be adapted to safety quite well. According to Dr. Edward Deming, 94% of the problems in business are due to lack of management commitment. * We must adopt a safety culture that fits the needs of the organization. YOUR ORGANIZATION
- Safe work cultures starts from simple common beliefs that are supported by all employees in an organization Safety/Best manufacturing practices – This is a line management function – Front line supervisors must make this happen. Involvement – Helps to build OWNERSHIP in the program….so we must involve everyone. Audits and Investigations – will help you evaluate the implementation of your programs.
- Once these key steps are understood, the safety culture change will start to transform. One must keep in mind that this change will not happen overnight but will come gradually Reinforcing safe work habits is just as important as eliminating unsafe behavior. Most people tend to repeat behaviors that result in positive consequences and discontinue those that result in negative consequences. Positive reinforcement is the only means available to maintain existing good behavior
- Shared Vision - Reaching an incident free culture starts with a vision. A vision is something that everyone can see. Cultural Alignment - Everyone must pull in the same direction. There is consistency between what we do about safety and what we all say about safety. Practices and behaviors are in line with the vision of continuous safety performance. Focus on Incident Control - We must operate at a level of continuous improvement in relationship, safety, quality, etc.(examples: tools, PPE, inspections) Upstream Systems - Make sure employees at all levels know how they are doing. Feedback - This is common. It must be valued, whether it is negative or positive. Feedback must flow back and forward. 4- A’s - ATTITUDE – AWARENESS – ACTION – ACCOUNTABILITY Cultural Change- Comes from top management. Management must communicate with employees and explain why the change must occur. Most important, management must promote how the employee will benefit from the change in safety culture. Commitment – Safety must be more than a program, a book or procedures….It must start with your companies philosophy….”AN ATTITUDE”
- We now have a Safety Statement – Where do we go from there???? - These are some of the keys to developing your program.
- Purpose- As we said previously it also increases productivity, stronger profit margin due less accident costs. Content – In addition to the physical and site controls we might address…….Healthy Life styles – No smoking campaigns, health eating recopies, exercise programs, No cell-phone while driving company vehicles policy Do you supply any of your workers phones or vehicles?-----If so develop a non-talking phone policy !
- We should continually be updating and adding to our safety plan based on incident investigations, inspections, safety committee recommendations, etc.
- Workplace safety is an ongoing endeavor and the program is slated to be updated at least annually. It is important not to get bogged down in the planning, but to allow enough time to create a program that meets your needs and culture. Allow time for: Plan development, program introduction, program roll-out and implementation and ongoing training for all staff. Tailor the program to your specific needs – You will need information on: job functions, accident history, OSHA visits and inspections (if applicable), insurance information and resources, and any pertinent legislation (local, state and federal) - This course will give you a number of resources OSHA act and ADA are two sets of laws that affect many employers
- Workplace safety training needs to address: general safety topics and safety topics specific to a particular work area, task or department. General topics include: Why workplace safety is essential-statistics on accidents/deaths on the job. Description of the most common types of workplace injuries at your entity and how these injuries might have been prevented. A top 5 list of the most important things to remember about workplace safety in relation to your workplace injuries. Topics could affect: Kitchen, construction, office, roof, elevators, stairways, hazardous materials, confined spaces, housekeeping, off-site, grounds-keeping. Training needs to work around employee staffing schedules and target new staff members and those needing refreshers. Be Flexible and train on any new equipment that you may start using.
- The workplace safety plan and trainings need to be evaluated at regular intervals to ensure that both address the most current workplace-safety issues. Let your safety committee help you out with this. SUPERVISORS - I often hear them say….I don’t have time to watch them or baby sit them on safety. You’d better. If someone gets hurt or killed, because of lack of training or understanding or bypassing safety standards….guess who can be fined or given jail time…THE RESPONSIBLE SUPERVISOR!
- As a supervisor you should: Set the example Know, communicate, and enforce existing standards Observe employees working. Check employees’ actions against any existing procedures. Analyze and discuss safety hazards. Discuss with employees the “tricky” parts of their jobs. Write down the rule or procedure. Unwritten rules and procedures become hazy and are far too open to different interpretations. Communicate with your employees. Open lines of communication can clear up confusion. Follow up with your employees. Look in on employees during the activity and follow up to see how the job may have been done differently. Train all employees on rules and procedures. Change rules and procedures as necessary. Keep them up-to-date.
- WEEK #2 - Worksite Analysis INTRO - The process of identifying and evaluating potential hazards is a critical element in achieving ZERO Incident Performance and creating low risk/ hazard free work areas.
- Any of the workforce found to be in breach of safety requirements during an inspection should be counseled and discipline will be needed if persistent transgressors are observed. USE of a deficiency tracking log
- Bring in noise monitor to class and demonstrate.
- Proper procedure training includes the use of SOP’s and AHA’s - Explain
- If have a black board – list and have group talk about SOP’s for their business…….have each group come up with a needed SOP for their type of work. Construction sop’s – Site controls, hazard evaluation, mobile construction equipment and operations, fall prevention and protection, Stairways and ladders, electrical safety, hand and power tools, fire protection, hazard communication, steel erection, concrete, back injury protection, scaffolding, PPE, Respiratory protection, Controlling hazardous energy(LOTO), Line Breaking, Hoisting and crane operation, Underground Utilities, Excavation, Blood borne pathogens, heat stress prevention, hearing conservation, asbestos abatement, lead remediation, storm water management practices and permits, spill and discharge controls, Hazardous materials transportation………
- How do I identify potential hazards in my workplace? Begin with a survey. Observe the work environment. Ask employees how they perform their tasks. Look for sources of potential injury such as: • Objects that might fall from above. • Exposed pipes or beams at work level. • Exposed liquid chemicals. • Sources of heat, intense light, noise, or dust. • Equipment or materials that could produce flying particles.
- Engineering Controls. Engineering controls consist of substitution, isolation, ventilation and equipment modification. Examples of engineering controls: Initial design specifications Substitute less harmful material Change process Enclose process Isolate process
- Administrative Controls. Any procedure which significantly limits daily exposure by control or manipulation of the work schedule or manner in which work is performed. Using PPE is not administrative control. Work Practice Controls. A type of administrative control where the employer modifies the manner in which the employee performs assigned work. The modification may result in a reduction of exposure through such methods as changing work habits, improving sanitation and hygiene practices, or making other changes in the way the employee performs the job.
- How does the employee’s perception of a “hazard” possibly differ from that of the supervisor or employer? The employee sees a hazard and wants the supervisor and/or employer to address it right away because the employee may feel threatened or at risk. The supervisor or employer may desire to address the hazard quickly but is often slowed down by the process. Answers to critical questions must be identified. Questions like - is it a real problem - how big a problem is it - what are the options - what is the best way to correct it - who is going to correct it - how long will it take - how much will it cost - is additional training needed .
- Explain probability Compare and contrast probability to luck. Instructor could use examples such as the lottery or slot machines to develop an understanding. For example, with slot machines the higher the coin amount (nickels, quarters, dollars, etc.. ) the more coins (1,2 or 3) played at one time the higher the probability of winning a jack pot. Accidents are similar. The greater the hazard or chances taken, and the more often they are taken the greater the probability of an accident. This time the prize will be pain and suffering, the loss of a limb or body part or perhaps the biggest jackpot “Death” Just as more people lose than win at the casinos, Risk takers on the job will also eventually lose. The odds are against short cuts, poor work habits, and unsafe practices
- In the office or field office
- Over the next 3 weeks we will look at these three in detail - Our GOAL IS THAT SUPERVISORS WILL BE BETTER ABLE TO IMPLEMENT SAFETY PROGRAMS INTO THEIR ROUTINE OPERATIONS….. We have a number of different types of businesses represented here and we want everyone to learn techniques to help improve safety for your specific organization…….We want everyone to decrease job related injuries, illnesses and fatalities. This is a new proto type program…..so it will change based on your input and comments and recommendations. We value your input and request that you ask questions. If we don’t have time during class, we will be glad to stay after and my email will be available for any needing further information. Today we begin with ….Management, leadership and Employee Involvement