This document discusses occupational health and safety (OHS). It outlines the employer's duty of care to provide a safe work environment and protect employee health, including making the workplace safe, providing training and protective equipment, and reporting accidents. It also discusses employee health and safety benefits and the basic elements of health and safety programs, such as rules, procedures, and emergency plans. Common accident causes include poor housekeeping, defective equipment, and unsafe behaviors. Accident prevention requires reducing unsafe conditions and acts through measures like guarding machinery, training, and safety policies.

1. Human Resource Management
UST Graduate School, 2011
Paul N. Jacob

2. The goal of all Occupational Health and Safety programs
is to foster a safe work environment

3. Occupational Health and Safety ( OHS)
Is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety,
Health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment

4. The Employer’s duty of care in practice :
All employer’s, whatever the size of the business, must :
• Make the work place safe
• Prevent risk to health
•Ensure that plant and machinery is safe to use, and that safe working practices
are set up and followed
• Make sure that all materials are handled, stored and used safely
•Provide adequate first aid facilities
• Tell you about any potential hazards from the work you do, chemicals and other
substances used by the firm, and give you information, instructions, training
and supervision as needed
•Set up emergency plans
•Make sure that ventilation, temperature, lighting, and toilet, washing and rest
facilities all meet health, safety and welfare requirements

5. • Check that the right equipment is provided and is properly used and regularly
maintained
• Prevent or control exposure to substances that may damage health
• Take precautions against the risks caused by flammable or explosive hazards,
electrical equipment, noise and radiation
• Avoid potentially dangerous work involving manual handling and if it can't be avoided
take precautions to reduce the risk of injury
• Provide health supervision as needed
• Provide protective clothing or equipment free of charge if risks can't be removed
or adequately controlled by any other means
• Ensure that the right warning signs are provided and looked after
• Report certain accidents, injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences to either
the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) or the local authority, depending on the
type of business

6. Employee’s Health and Safety Benefits:
• To be provided, free of charge, with any personal protective and safety equipment
• To stop work and leave the work area, without being disciplined due to reasonable
concerns about safety
• To tell employer about any health and safety concerns
• To have time off from work during the working week

7. Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE )

8. Tower Erection

9. Safety fence for all Greenfield site
constructions in urban areas (e.g. villages) as
shown in the photo below

10. Basic elements of health and safety programs
1. Individual Responsibility
7. Medical and first aid
2. Joint Occupational health
and safety committee
8. Health and safety
promotion
3. Health and Safety Rules
9. Workplace specific items
4. Correct Work Procedures
10.
Implementation
5. Employee Orientation
11.
Evaluation
6. Emergency procedures
Microsoft Office
Word 97 - 2003 Document
Adobe Acrobat
Document
Microsoft Office
Excel 97-2003 Worksheet
Microsoft Office
PowerPoint 97-2003 Pres

11. Consequences of not Implementing Health and Safety Measures by size of Companies
Accidents
Low
Productivity
Absenteeism
Wastage
Tardiness
High Defects
Deaths
Microsoft Office
PowerPoint Presentation
SMALL MEDIUM
20
33
22
33
33
10
20
7
3
25
14
11
6
6
LARGE TOTAL
51
100
35
90
27
30
16
18
16
85
54
47
31
25
%
30%
27%
26%
16%
14%
9%
8%

12. Accident Causation Model
Material
Sample Action plan :
Task
Environment
Microsoft Office
Excel 97-2003 Worksheet
Sample Accident :
Management
Microsoft Office
Excel 97-2003 Worksheet
Personal

13. Most Common Causes of Accidents in the Work place :
1. Poor housekeeping
2. Defective equipment and
tools
3. Unauthorized use of machines
or equipment
4. Inadequately guarded
machines
5. Improper lighting
6. Improper mental attitude on
the job
7. Unsafe wearing apparel
8. Using unsafe tools or
equipment
9. Improper planning of work
10.Disobeying regulations or procedures
11. Operating machines at unsafe speed
12. Failure to use suitable protective
equipment
13. Operating machines without necessary
training
14. Inattention while operating machines
or while at work
15. Not in proper physical or mental
condition while at work
16. Improper placement of workers

14. Accident Prevention
Accident prevention comes down to two basic activities :
1 . Reducing unsafe conditions
Means eliminating the potential physical hazards in the workplace
Examples of unsafe work conditions :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Unguarded or improperly machines (such as an unguarded belt)
Poor housekeeping
Defective equipment and tools
Poor lighting
Poor or improper ventilation
Improper dress ( such as wearing clothes with loose floppy sleeves
when working on a machine that has rotating parts)
7. Sharp edges

15. 2. Reducing unsafe acts through various means (Dessler, 2000)
Unsafe acts maybe reduced through various means:
1. Careful selection and placement of employees
2. Posters and other propaganda materials
3. Trainings
4. Incentive programs and positive reinforcement
5. Top management commitment
6. Emphasis on safety
7. Establishment of a safety policy
8. Setting specific loss control goals
9. Conducting safety and health inspections
10.Monitoring work overload and stress

16. References :
Human Resources Management (Dr. Roque & Dr. Edralin, 2005)
NSN NI OHSE
Wikipedia;
http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Employment/HealthAndSafetyAtWork/DG_4016683