2. Hazard control Policy statements
• Should clearly address an organization’s
philosophy and objectives related to accident
prevention.
• Written in precise and unambiguous language
• Senior leadership must sign and disseminate
all organizational members.
3. Hazard control Plan
• Hazard control managers can take planning tips from emergency
and disaster planners.
• Using results obtained from a hazard vulnerability analysis (HVA),
Hazard control managers should develop their master hazard
control directive.
• Conducting a thorough hazard vulnerability assessment would
provide a solid foundation to build PPE.
• Developing a master hazard control plan
– can provide direction to all accident prevention efforts.
– must hold all operational policies, procedures, and job practices
– stress the importance of establishing procedures for the immediate
reporting of accidents, incidents, mishaps, and other close-call events.
• Hazard control practice requires individuals to take responsibility
for doing the right thing.
• Plans, procedures, and policies can’t identify and correct hazards—
people do
4. During Inspection?
1. What is your most flammable substance?
2. how much do you store on-site?
3. how and where do you store it?
4. which departments use the substance?
• Flammable substance created fire load hazard at
several locations throughout the facility.
• This situation created other hazard control issues
such as human exposure risks, sprinkler system
coverage, proper storage room configuration, and
portable fire extinguisher assessments.
5. Objectives and goals
• Organizations and hazard control managers
must ensure the development of realistic
objectives and goals.
• Develop and implement written documents
that direct or require specific hazard control–
related actions and behaviors.
6. HAZARD ANALYSIS
• Organizations can use a variety of processes to analyze
workplace hazards and accident causal factors.
• Hazard evaluations and accident trend analysis can help
improve the effectiveness of established hazard
controls.
• Routine analysis enables to implement appropriate
controls for unsafe operations.
• Analysis processes rely on information collected from
hazard surveys, inspections, hazard reports, and
accident investigations that provide a snapshot of
hazard information.
• Effective analysis can then take the snapshots and create
viable pictures of hazards and accident causal factors.
• Types: Change Analysis, Creative Hazard Analysis, Risk
Analysis, Phase Hazard Analysis, Process Hazard Analysis
7. Change Analysis
• Works as a proactive problem-solving technique.
• Helps to identify hazards inherent in new processes and
job related tasks, and to identify all anticipated hazards and
concerns generated by the change.
• To solve a problem, hazard control personnel must look at
situations using some type of logic process.
– Begin by defining a problem & to determine what happened.
– Next, determine the norm or standard.
– Ask the question, what should have happened?
– Attempt to identify, locate, and describe the change by
focusing on what, where, when, and to some extent how.
– Describe exactly the things impacted and things not affected by
the change.
– Identify distinctive features of any change and list all possible
causes.
– Finally, select and validate all causes before continuing with
corrections or controls.
8. Creative Hazard Analysis
• Combines innovation with human expertise to identify, discover,
and analyze hazards of a process.
• Ensure the analysis team understands the problem statement.
• Provide the team with sufficient information such as known
hazards, related technologies, operational procedures, equipment
design issues, instrumentation controls, and necessary historical
information.
• As the team works through each step of the hazard process,
collectively generate a list of what or why questions related to
hazards.
• After completing this list of probing questions, the team must
systematically answer each question to achieve consensus.
• The answers can also generate additional questions that seek to
clarify important information.
• The answers that achieve consensus form the foundation for
developing recommendations or dictating the requirement for
additional action to reduce operational hazards.
9. Risk Analysis
• Helps to assess the probability of an uncontrolled hazard
could contribute to an accident event with resulting
organizational losses.
• Consider the potential severity associated with an adverse
event occurrence.
• Analysis personnel use available empirical data when
attempting to determine probability of a risk-related
event.
• Severity consideration become the controlling issue when
other factors indicate a low probability of an event.
• Risk personnel can consider hazards with acceptable risks
as safe and those with unacceptable risks as unsafe.
• “safety first” implies safety becomes primary objective and
not job accomplishment. In very hazardous jobs and
operations, a more appropriate slogan should read,
“accomplish the job with safety.”
10. Phase Hazard Analysis
• Processes work very well for construction projects
and other settings with rapidly changing work
environments.
• Considered as a new or unique set of hazards not
present during operations.
• Prior to transitioning to a new phase, conduct an
analysis to identify and evaluate new or potential
hazards.
• Use the information gained through analyses to
develop action plans that ensure implementation
of appropriate controls.
11. Process Hazard Analysis
• The OSHA Process Safety Management standard requires
completion of a process hazard analysis for any activity
involving the use of highly hazardous chemicals.
• The OSHA standard applies to entities using (storing,
manufacturing, handling, or on-site moving) of highly
hazardous chemicals.
• Process hazard analysis permits employers to accomplish
detailed studies to identify every potential hazard.
• Include all tools and equipment, each chemical substance,
and every job-related task.
• The analysis must show that each element of the process
poses no hazard, poses an uncontrolled hazard, or poses a
hazard controllable in all foreseeable circumstances.
• Apply process hazard analysis during the design and
development phases of any hazardous operation under
development.
12. JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS (JHA)
• Permits the examination of job-related tasks to discover and
correct inherent risks and hazards.
• JHA does require an understanding of potential job hazards.
• Personnel conducting the analysis must possess knowledge of
hazard control including use of PPE.
• An effective analysis provides the basis for implementing
appropriate control measures.
Step A: Break the job down—Examine each step in the process for
hazards or unsafe conditions.
Step B: Identify hazards—Document process hazards, environmental
concerns, and any anticipated human issues
Step C: Evaluate hazards—Assess identified hazards and behaviors to
determine their potential roles in an accident event
Step D: Develop and design hazard controls—Develop or design the
best hazard control by evaluating each hazard.
Step E: Implement required controls—Coordinate and obtain
management approval for implementation
Step F: Revise and publish the JHA information—Update the JHA and
then communicate implementation actions with the organizational
members
13. Job Design
• Creating well-designed jobs, tasks, and
processes can help reduce worker fatigue,
reduce repetitive motion stress, isolate
hazardous tasks, and control human factor
hazards.
• Safe work area design reduces static positions
and minimizes repetitive motions and
awkward body positions.
• Consider the importance of human factor
issues when designing work processes.
14. HAZARD CONTROL AND CORRECTION
• Use the concept hierarchy of controls to reduce, eliminate, and
control hazardous processes.
• Hazard controls include actions such as using enclosure,
substitution, and attenuation to reduce human exposure risks.
• An enclosure keeps a hazard physically away from humans. For
example, completely enclosing high-voltage electrical
equipment prevents access by unauthorized persons.
• Substitution can involve replacing a highly dangerous
substance with a less hazardous one.
• Attenuation refers to taking actions to weaken or lessen a
potential hazard. Attenuation could involve weakening
radioactive beams or attenuating noise to safer levels.
• The use of system safety methods, traditional hazard control
techniques, and human factors must begin at the initial stages
of any design process.
• Active hazard controls –require users to accomplish a task at
some point during the operation to reduce risks and control
hazards.
15. Hazard Correction Monitoring System
1. Implement a system to report and track hazards
correction actions.
2. Establish a timetable for implementing hazard controls.
3. Prioritize hazards identified by inspections, reporting, and
accident investigations.
4. Require employees to report hazards using established
processes.
5. Provide quick feedback about the status of hazard
correction.
6. Delegate responsibility for correcting and documenting
completion actions.
7. Permit supervisors and experienced employees to initiate
hazard correction actions.
16. Common Never-Ever Hazards
• Obstacles preventing the safe movement of people,
vehicles, or machines
• Blocked or inadequate egress routes and emergency
exits
• Unsafe working and walking surfaces
• Using damaged tools and equipment or misusing tools
• Failing to identify hazards and provide proper
equipment including PPE
• Operating equipment with guards removed or
bypassed
• Permitting the presence of damaged, or unguarded
electrical wiring, fixtures, or cords
• Lack of or inadequate warning, danger, or caution sign
in hazardous areas
17. Engineering Controls
• The design of machine guards, automobile brakes,
traffic signals, pressure relief valves, and ventilation
demonstrates engineering controls at work. For
example, proper ventilation can remove or dilute air
contaminants in work areas, Air cleaning devices.
• Seek to eliminate hazards by using appropriate
engineering controls. Make the modifications.
• Using engineering, design, and technical innovation
remains the top priority for controlling or eliminating
hazards.
• Establishing preventive and periodic maintenance
processes can help ensure tools and equipment
operate properly and safely.
18. Administrative Controls
• Use administrative controls such as scheduling to limit
worker exposure to many workplace hazards
Eg: working in hot areas.
• OSHA prohibits employee scheduling to meet the
requirement of air contaminant exposure limits.
• The scheduling of maintenance and other high
exposure operations during evenings or weekends can
reduce exposures.
• Use job rotation to limit repetitive motion tasks or
reduce the exposure time to occupational noise
hazards.
• Use a work–rest schedule for very hazardous or
strenuous tasks.
19. Work Practice Controls
• Development of standard operating procedures
(SOPs) reduce hazard exposure.
• Conducting training and education about the
safe use of tools and equipment.
• Practices can also include
– knowing emergency response procedures for spills
– fire prevention principles
– dealing with employee injuries
• Must address task accomplishment and ensure
workers understand all job-related hazards
20. Hierarchies for Controlling Hazards
• Engineering and technological innovation are
preferred type of hazard control.
• Substitution results in using a less hazardous substance
or piece of equipment.
• Isolation moves either workers or hazardous
operations to reduce risks.
• Work practices such as policies or rules can reduce
human exposure to the hazard.
• Administrative controls limit human exposures
through the rotation and scheduling.
• Consider PPE when other controls prove inadequate.
