This document discusses different network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, tree, and hybrid topologies. For each topology, it describes the key features, advantages, and disadvantages. It also covers broader trends in telecommunications including the growth of internet technologies and open systems, the shift to digital networks and fiber optic cables, and the increasing use of telecommunications to support e-commerce, collaboration, and business applications.
Topology refers to the layout of connected devices on a network.
It also refers to how various nodes, devices, and connections on your network are physically or logically arranged in relation to each other.
Logical Layouts of Topology
Logical Layouts of Topology :
MESH TOPOLOGY
STAR TOPOLOGY
BUS TOPOLOGY
RING TOPOLOGY
TREE AND HYBRID
1. Mesh Topology
Here every device has a point to point link to every other device.
Node 1 node must be connected with n-1 nodes.
A fully connected mesh can have n(n-1)/2 physical channels to link n devices.
It must have n-1 I/O ports.
2.STAR TOPOLOGY
Less expensive than mesh since each device is connected only to the hub.
Installation and configuration are easy.
Less cabling needs than mesh.
Easy to identification & remove parts.
3.BUS TOPOLOGY
A bus topology is multipoint.
Here one long cable act as a backbone to link all the devices are connected to the backbone by drop lines and taps.
Drop line- is the connection b/w the devices and the cable.
Tap:- is the splitter that cut the main link.
This allows only one device to transmit at a time.
4.RING TOPOLOGY
Here each device has a dedicated connection with two devices on either side.
The signal is passed in one direction from device to device until it reaches the destination and each device have repeater
When one device received signal instead of intended another devices, its repeater then regenerates the data and passes them along.
To add or delete a device requires changing only two connections.
5.TREE TOPOLOGY
Alternative referred to as a star bus topology.
Tree topology is one of the most common network setups that is similar to a bus topology and a star topology.
A tree topology connects multiple star networks to other star networks. Below is a visual example of a simple computer setup on a network using the star topology.
6.HYBRID TOPOLOGY
A network which contains all types of physical structure and connected under a single backbone channel.
Network topology And Its type in detail
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Topology refers to the layout of connected devices on a network.
It also refers to how various nodes, devices, and connections on your network are physically or logically arranged in relation to each other.
Logical Layouts of Topology
Logical Layouts of Topology :
MESH TOPOLOGY
STAR TOPOLOGY
BUS TOPOLOGY
RING TOPOLOGY
TREE AND HYBRID
1. Mesh Topology
Here every device has a point to point link to every other device.
Node 1 node must be connected with n-1 nodes.
A fully connected mesh can have n(n-1)/2 physical channels to link n devices.
It must have n-1 I/O ports.
2.STAR TOPOLOGY
Less expensive than mesh since each device is connected only to the hub.
Installation and configuration are easy.
Less cabling needs than mesh.
Easy to identification & remove parts.
3.BUS TOPOLOGY
A bus topology is multipoint.
Here one long cable act as a backbone to link all the devices are connected to the backbone by drop lines and taps.
Drop line- is the connection b/w the devices and the cable.
Tap:- is the splitter that cut the main link.
This allows only one device to transmit at a time.
4.RING TOPOLOGY
Here each device has a dedicated connection with two devices on either side.
The signal is passed in one direction from device to device until it reaches the destination and each device have repeater
When one device received signal instead of intended another devices, its repeater then regenerates the data and passes them along.
To add or delete a device requires changing only two connections.
5.TREE TOPOLOGY
Alternative referred to as a star bus topology.
Tree topology is one of the most common network setups that is similar to a bus topology and a star topology.
A tree topology connects multiple star networks to other star networks. Below is a visual example of a simple computer setup on a network using the star topology.
6.HYBRID TOPOLOGY
A network which contains all types of physical structure and connected under a single backbone channel.
Network topology And Its type in detail
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Network topology And Its Types in detail.
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Network topology And Its Types in detail.
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Network topology (Details Descriptions with Examples)Abdullah Moin
Geometric representation of how the computers are connected to each other is known as topology. There are five types of topology – Mesh, Star, Bus, Ring and Hybrid.
This document consists of network topologies in computer networking. It entails star, ring, mesh, bus, tree, and hybrid topologies. Their advantages and disadvantages of each topology discussed in detail above.
Computer Network Topology By Team_Inclusion Inquiry Initiative (Dept . of Soc...Suman Mia
Topology defines the structure of the network of how all the components
are interconnected to each other. There are two types of topology: physical
and logical topology.
Physical topology is the geometric representation of all the nodes in a network.
There are six types of network topology which are Bus Topology, Ring Topology,
Star Topology, Mesh Topology, Tree Topology, Hybrid Topology
Computer Network Topology By Team_Diversity Detectives (Dept . of Sociology)Suman Mia
A network topology is the physical and logical arrangement of nodes and connect in a network.
Physical topology describes the layout of devices and cables, and logical topology describes the way in which data is transmitted within the network – regardless of the physical layout.
A Network Topology is the arrangement with which computer systems or network devices are connected to each other. Topologies may define both physical and logical aspect of the network. Both logical and physical topologies could be same or different in a same network.
Similar to Computer Fundamental Network topologies (20)
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2. Types of Network Topology
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Network Topology is the schematic description of a network
arrangement, connecting various nodes(sender and receiver)
through lines of connection.
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BUS Topology
Bus topology is a network type in which every computer and
network device is connected to single cable. When it has
exactly two endpoints, then it is called Linear Bus
topology.
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Features of Bus Topology
1. It transmits data only in one direction.
2. Every device is connected to a single cable
Advantages of Bus Topology
1. It is cost effective.
2. Cable required is least compared to other network topology.
3. Used in small networks.
4. It is easy to understand.
5. Easy to expand joining two cables together.
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Disadvantages of Bus Topology
1. Cables fails then whole network fails.
2. If network traffic is heavy or nodes are more the
performance of the network decreases.
3. Cable has a limited length.
4. It is slower than the ring topology.
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RING Topology
It is called ring topology because it forms a ring as each
computer is connected to another computer, with the last
one connected to the first. Exactly two neighbours for each
device.
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Features of Ring Topology
1. A number of repeaters are used for Ring topology with large number of
nodes, because if someone wants to send some data to the last node in
the ring topology with 100 nodes, then the data will have to pass
through 99 nodes to reach the 100th node. Hence to prevent data loss
repeaters are used in the network.
2. The transmission is unidirectional, but it can be made bidirectional by
having 2 connections between each Network Node, it is called Dual
Ring Topology.
3. In Dual Ring Topology, two ring networks are formed, and data flow is
in opposite direction in them. Also, if one ring fails, the second ring can
act as a backup, to keep the network up.
4. Data is transferred in a sequential manner that is bit by bit. Data
transmitted, has to pass through each node of the network, till the
destination node.
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Advantages of Ring Topology
1. Transmitting network is not affected by high traffic or by
adding more nodes, as only the nodes having tokens can
transmit data.
2. Cheap to install and expand
Disadvantages of Ring Topology
1. Troubleshooting is difficult in ring topology.
2. Adding or deleting the computers disturbs the network
activity.
3. Failure of one computer disturbs the whole network.
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STAR Topology
In this type of topology all the computers are connected to a
single hub through a cable. This hub is the central node and
all others nodes are connected to the central node.
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Features of Star Topology
1. Every node has its own dedicated connection to the hub.
2. Hub acts as a repeater for data flow.
3. Can be used with twisted pair, Optical Fibre or coaxial
cable.
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Advantages of Star Topology
1. Fast performance with few nodes and low network traffic.
2. Hub can be upgraded easily.
3. Easy to troubleshoot.
4. Easy to setup and modify.
5. Only that node is affected which has failed, rest of the nodes can work
smoothly.
Disadvantages of Star Topology
1. Cost of installation is high.
2. Expensive to use.
3. If the hub fails then the whole network is stopped because all the nodes
depend on the hub.
4. Performance is based on the hub that is it depends on its capacity
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MESH Topology
It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices.
All the network nodes are connected to each other. Mesh has
n(n-2)/2 physical channels to link n devices.
There are two techniques to transmit data over the Mesh
topology, they are :
1. Routing
2. Flooding
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Routing
In routing, the nodes have a routing logic, as per the network
requirements. Like routing logic to direct the data to reach the
destination using the shortest distance. Or, routing logic which
has information about the broken links, and it avoids those node
etc. We can even have routing logic, to re-configure the failed
nodes.
Flooding
In flooding, the same data is transmitted to all the network nodes,
hence no routing logic is required. The network is robust, and the
its very unlikely to lose the data. But it leads to unwanted load
over the network.
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Types of Mesh Topology
1. Partial Mesh Topology : In this topology some of the
systems are connected in the same fashion as mesh topology
but some devices are only connected to two or three devices.
2. Full Mesh Topology : Each and every nodes or devices are
connected to each other.
Features of Mesh Topology
1. Fully connected.
2. Robust.
3. Not flexible.
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Advantages of Mesh Topology
1. Each connection can carry its own data load.
2. It is robust.
3. Fault is diagnosed easily.
4. Provides security and privacy.
Disadvantages of Mesh Topology
1. Installation and configuration is difficult.
2. Cabling cost is more.
3. Bulk wiring is required.
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TREE Topology
It has a root node and all other nodes are connected to it
forming a hierarchy. It is also called hierarchical topology. It
should at least have three levels to the hierarchy.
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Features of Tree Topology
1. Ideal if workstations are located in groups.
2. Used in Wide Area Network.
Advantages of Tree Topology
1. Extension of bus and star topologies.
2. Expansion of nodes is possible and easy.
3. Easily managed and maintained.
Error detection is easily done.
Disadvantages of Tree Topology
1. Heavily cabled.
2. Costly.
3. If more nodes are added maintenance is difficult.
4. Central hub fails, network fails.
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HYBRID Topology
It is two different types of topologies which is a mixture of
two or more topologies. For example if in an office in one
department ring topology is used and in another star
topology is used, connecting these topologies will result in
Hybrid Topology (ring topology and star topology).
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Features of Hybrid Topology
1. It is a combination of two or topologies
2. Inherits the advantages and disadvantages of the topologies
included
Advantages of Hybrid Topology
1. Reliable as Error detecting and trouble shooting is easy.
2. Effective.
3. Scalable as size can be increased easily.
4. Flexible.
Disadvantages of Hybrid Topology
1. Complex in design.
2. Costly.
22. Trends in Telecommunication
Major trends occurring in the field of telecommunication
have a significant impact on management decisions in this
area. Informed managerial end users should thus be aware of
major trends in telecommunications, industries,
technologies, and applications that significantly increase the
decision alternatives confronting their organizations.
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23. Industry Trends
Telecommunication networks and services are available from
numerous large and small telecommunications companies.
Explosive growth of the internet and the world wide web has
created a host of new telecommunications, products,
services and providers.
Business firms have dramatically increased their use of the
internet and the web for electronic commerce and
collaboration.
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24. Technology Trends
Open systems with unrestricted connectivity, using Internet
networking technologies as their technology platform, are
becoming the primary telecommunications technology drivers.
Increased industry and technical moves towards building
client/server networks based on open system architecture.
Open systems are information systems that use common
standards for hardware, software, applications and networking.
Change from analog to digital network technologies. Local and
global telecommunications networks are rapidly converting to
digital transmission technologies that transmit
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25. Change in communication media, many telecommunications
networks are changing from copper wire-based media and
land-based microwave relay systems to fiber optic lines and
communications satellite transmissions. Fiber optic
transmission, which uses pulses of a laser-generated light, offer
significant advantages in terms of:
1.Reduced size and installation effort
2.Greater communication capacity
3.Faster transmission speeds
4.Freedom from electrical interference
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26. Business Application Trends
The trend toward more vendors, services, internet
technologies and open systems, and the rapid growth of the
internet, the WWW, and corporate intranets and extranets,
dramatically increases the number of feasible
telecommunications applications.
Telecommunications networks are playing a vital role and
pervasive role in e-commerce, enterprise collaboration, and
internal business applications that support the operations,
management and strategic objectives of both large and small
companies.
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27. Telecommunications functions have become an integral part of
local and global computer networks that are used to
dramatically:
1. Cut costs
2. Shorten business lead times and response times
3. Support e-commerce
4. Improve the collaboration of workgroups
5. Develop online operational processes
6. Share resources
7. Develop new products and services
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