Topology defines the structure of the network of how all the components are interconnected to each other. There are two types of topology: physical and logical topology. Physical topology is the geometric representation of all the nodes in a network. There are six types of network topology which are Bus Topology, Ring Topology, Star Topology, Mesh Topology, Tree Topology, Hybrid Topology

1. Dhaka International University
Department of Sociology
Course Name: Fundamentals of Computer
Batch: 46th Semester: 1st
Computer Network Topology
Submitted to
Suman Ahmed Shikan
Lecturer
Department of Sociology
Dhaka International University-DIU
23 April 2024

2. Masud Rana Mubashshira
Mustafiz
Team: Inclusion Inquiry Initiative
Roll : 20
Roll : 21
Meem
Roll : 17
Muhammad
Rana
Roll : 34

3. Outline
Introduction
Type of Topology
Bus Topology
Ring Topology
Star Topology
Mesh Topology
Tree Topology
Hybrid Topology
Discussion
Reference

4. Introduction
Topology defines the structure of the network of how all the components
are interconnected to each other. There are two types of topology: physical
and logical topology.
Physical topology is the geometric representation of all the nodes in a network.
There are six types of network topology which are Bus Topology, Ring Topology,
Star Topology, Mesh Topology, Tree Topology, Hybrid Topology

5. Bus Topology
In the Bus topology, every node is connected in series along a single cable.
This arrangement is found today primarily in cable broadband distribution
networks.

6. Bus Topology Cont…
Advantage:
1. Easy to install and requires less cable compared to other topologies.
2. Cost-effective, as it does not require a hub or switch.
3. Easy to expand by simply adding more devices to the bus.
Disadvantage:
1. If the common cable fails, then the whole system will crash down.
2. Adding new devices to the network would slow down networks.
3. Security is very low.

7. Ring Topology
A ring topology is a network design where connected devices form a circular data channel.
Each networked device is linked to two more ones by two points on a circle. In a ring
network, data travels from one device to the next in a circular fashion until it reaches its
destination.

8. Ring Topology Cont…
Advantage:
1. The data transmission is high-speed.
2. The possibility of collision is minimum in this type of topology.
3. Cheap to install and expand.
4. It is less costly than a star topology. .
Disadvantage:
1. The failure of a single node in the network can cause the entire network to
fail.
2. Troubleshooting is difficult in this topology.
3. Less secure.

9. Star Topology
A Star topology is a type of network topology in which all the devices or nodes are
physically connected to a central node such as a router, switch, or hub. The central node
(hub) acts as a server, and the connecting nodes act as clients

10. Star Topology Cont…
Advantage:
1. Less expensive.
2. Easy to install and reconfiguration.
3. Robustness
Disadvantage:
1. Failure of central hub will effect the entire network.
2. Performance is based on the single concentrator i.e. hub.

11. Mesh Topology
The mesh topology is a type of topology in which every device or computer is connected to
every other device. This creates multiple paths for data to travel, which can improve
reliability and fault tolerance.

12. Mesh Topology Cont…
Advantage:
1. Mesh topology is robust.
2. Provides privacy & security.
3. Fault identification and isolation is easy
Disadvantage:
1. Huge amount of cabling and I/O ports required.
2. Installation and reconnection is difficult.

13. Tree Topology
In computer networking, tree topology is a type of network topology that resembles a tree. In
a tree topology, there is one central node (the “trunk”), and each node is connected to the
central node through a single path.

14. Tree Topology Cont…
Advantage:
1. Tree topology is more reliable than bus topology
2. Efficient Data Transmission.
3. Easy to Expand
Disadvantage:
1. If the central hub gets fails the entire system fails.
2. The cost is high because of the cabling.
3. If new devices are added, it becomes difficult to reconfigure.

15. Hybrid Topology
A hybrid topology is a kind of network topology that is a combination of two or more network
topologies, such as mesh topology, bus topology, and ring topology.

16. Hybrid Topology Cont…
Advantage:
1. Hybrid topology is highly scalable
2. Hybrid topology offers more flexibility in designing and configuring the
network to meet specific needs.
3. Hybrid topology can improve network performance by optimizing the use of
different types of connections for different parts of the network.
Disadvantage:
1. Managing a hybrid topology can be complex
2. Hybrid topology can introduce security risks, especially at the points where
different topologies connect.

17. References
 https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/network-
topology
 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-network-topology/
 https://www.javatpoint.com/computer-network-topologies
 https://www.shiksha.com/online-courses/articles/what-is-star-
topology-blogId-156653

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