This document provides an overview of different types of malware such as viruses, trojans, worms, spyware, and adware. It discusses how viruses replicate and infect other programs. Malware can be used by hackers to steal personal information, delete files, conduct click fraud, and more. The document outlines the history of major malware incidents from 1999 to 2003 and provides statistics on malware growth over time. It also describes spam email and how spyware and adware work to monitor users and display advertisements.

1. COMPUTER
Presented by
akshat

2. Welcome
• What are malwares?
• Types of malwares
• What is Computer Virus?
• What is Spam?
• What is spyware?
• What is Adware?
LETS FIND OUT ANSWERS OF ALL THESE!

3. What is a malware ?
• A Malware is a set of instructions that
run on your computer and make your
system do something that an attacker
wants it to do.

4. Why hackers use Malwares?
• Steal personal information
• Delete files
• Click fraud
• Steal software serial numbers
• Use your computer as relay

5. Types Of Malwares
• Virus
• Backdoor
• Trojan horse
• Root kit
• Scare ware
• Adware
• Worm

6. What is a Virus ?
• A computer virus is a malware program that, when executed,
replicates by inserting copies of itself (possibly modified) into other
computer programs, data files or the boot sector of the hard disk,
when this replication is succeeds, the affected areas are then said to
be as “infected”. Viruses often perform some type of harmful
activity on host information ,corrupting data, displaying political
or humorous messages on the user’s screen, spamming their
contacts, or logging their keystrokes. However not all viruses carry
a destructive payload or attempt to hide themselves. the defining
characteristic of viruses is that they are self-replicating
computer programs which install themselves without the
user's consent.
- Fred Cohen 1983

7. Some Virus Type
• Polymorphic : Uses a polymorphic
engine to mutate while keeping the
original algorithm intact (packer).
• Metamorpic: Change after each
infection.

8. What is a trojan
A Trojan describes the class of malware that
appears to perform a desirable function but in fact
performs undisclosed malicious functions that allow
unauthorized access to the victim Computer.

9. What is rootkit
• A root kit is a component that uses
stealth to maintain a persistent and
undetectable presence on the machine.

10. What is a worm
A computer worm is a self-replicating computer
program. It uses a network to send copies of itself
to other nodes and do so without any user
intervention.

11. Almost 30 years of Malware

12. History

13. 1999 Melissa virus
1999 Zombie concept
1999 Knark root kit
2000 love bug
2001 Code Red Worm
2001 Kernel Intrusion System
2001 Nimda worm
2003 SQL Slammer worm

14. Number of malware
signatures
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

15. Malware Cases Repartition
74%
3%
1%
9%
13%
Trojan
Worm
Other
Adware
Spyware

16. SPAM
• “SPAM” is a popular Monty python sketch,
first televised in 1970. In this sketch, two
customers are in greasy spoon café trying to
order a breakfast from a menu that includes
spam in almost all dishes. The term spam in
the context of electronic communications is
derived from this sketch. The sketch was
written by Terry Jones and Michael Palin.
• A person who creates electronic spam is called
a spammer.

17. Electronic spam
• Electronic spamming is the use of electronic
messaging systems to send unsolicited bulk
messages (spam), especially advertising,
indiscriminately. While the most widely
recognized form of spam is email spam, the
term is applied to similar abuses in other
media: instant message spam, Usenet group
spam, Web search engine spam, spam in
blogs, wiki spam, online classified
adds spam, mobile phone messaging
spam, Internet forum spam, Junk fax
transitions', social spam,
television advertising and file sharing spam.

18. • Spamming remains economically viable because
advertisers have no operating costs beyond the
management of their mailing lists, and it is difficult
to hold senders accountable for their mass
mailings. Because the barrier to entry is so low,
spammers are numerous, and the volume of
unsolicited mail has become very high. In the year
2011, the estimated figure for spam messages is
around seven trillion. The costs, such as lost
productivity and fraud, are borne by the public
and by internet service providers, which have been
forced to add extra capacity to cope with the
deluge. Spamming has been the subject of
legislation in many jurisdictions.
ACTIONS ON SPAMS

19. Spyware
• Spyware is software that aids in gathering information about a person or
organization without their knowledge and that may send such information to
another entity without the consumer's consent, or that asserts control over a
computer without the consumer's knowledge.
• Whenever spyware is used for malicious purposes, its presence is typically hidden
from the user and can be difficult to detect. Some spyware, such as key loggers, may
be installed by the owner of a shared, corporate, or public computer intentionally in
order to monitor users.
• While the term spyware suggests software that monitors a user's computing, the
functions of spyware can extend beyond simple monitoring. Spyware can collect
almost any type of data, including personal information like Internet surfing habits,
user logins, and bank or credit account information. Spyware can also interfere with
user control of a computer by installing additional software or redirecting Web
browsers Some spyware can change computer settings, which can result in slow
Internet connection speeds, un-authorized changes in browser settings, or changes to
software settings.

20. Types of spyware
Spyware is mostly classified into four ways:
• System monitors
• Trojans
• Adware
• Tracking cookies

21. Adware
• Adware, or advertising-supported software, is
any software package which automatically renders
advertisements in order to generate revenue for its
author. The advertisements may be in the user
interface of the software or on a screen presented
to the user during the installation process. The
functions may be designed to analyze which
Internet sites the user visits and to present
advertising pertinent to the types of goods or
services featured there. The term is sometimes
used to refer to software that displays unwanted
advertisements.