ppt of plant

1. MEWAR UNIVERSITY
Venue:-Department of life science
Topic:- Complex
permanent tissue
Presented to- Ms. Khushi Jain
Presented by- Deepak Kumar
B.Sc(Biotechnology)
MUR2401255

3. COMPLEX TISSUE -XYLEM
 Principle- water conducting tissue
 Two types-
1.Primary xylem– Protoxylem and Metaxylem
2. Secondary xylem

4. ELEMENTS OF XYLEM
 TRACHEIDS
 VESSELS OR TRACHAEA
 XYLEM FIBRES OR WOOD FIBRES
 XYLEM PARENCHYMA OR WOOD
PARENCHYMA

5. TRACHEIDS
 Elongated cell with tapering ends
 Dead cells at maturity and lack protoplast
 Have large cavity or lumen
 Walls hard and usually lignified
 Thickening- annular, spiral, Scalariform-Primary
xylem and Pitted –Secondary xylem
 In Angiosperms –associated with vessels but in
Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms- main bulk of
xylem
 Functions- conduction and storage , supporting

6. VESSELS
 Elongated tube-like structures-placed end to end
with end walls
 End walls-perforated –perforation plates
 Perforation Plates- two types
 Simple perforation: -single perforation
 Multiple Perforation: - two or perforations
 Devoid of protoplast
 Thickenings-starch, oil and pitted
 Found in Angiosperms and few gymnosperms
 Functions- Water conduction and support

7. XYLEM FIBRES OR WOOD FIBRES
 Sclerenchyma cells-associated with xylem
 Elongated and pointed at both ends
 Dead cells
 Walls lignified
 On the basis of wall thickness-two types-
 Libriform fibers- extremely thick
 Fiber tracheid's – medium thickness
 In some septate fibers are seen
 Functions- Mechanical strength,
 commercial - Textile, brush, filling fibers etc.

8. XYLEM PARENCHYMA OR WOOD
PARENCHYMA
• Parenchyma –associated with xylem
• More or less elongated , placed end to end and
may be thick or thin walled
• Living element of xylem
• Found in both primary and secondary xylem
• Functions- storage, conduction

9. COMPLEX TISSUE -PHLOEM
• Complex permanent tissue
• Also called bast or leptome
• Transport of food materials
• Types-
• Primary Phloem-Protophloem and Meta
phloem
• Secondary Phloem

10. ELEMENTS OF PHLOEM
1. SIEVE ELEMENTS
2. COMPANION CELLS
3. PHLOEM FIBRES
4. PHLOEM PARENCHYMA

11. SIEVE ELEMENTS
The conductive elements of Phloem –sieve
elements
Two types sieve tubes and sieve cells

12. SIEVE TUBES SIEVE CELLS
• Long tube like structures-
longitudinal rows –end to end
• Transverse walls –end –
perforated –sieve plates
• Sieve plate –simple and
compound
• Each perforation-surrounded by
ring of callose
• living
• Single cells, do not unite
to form tubes
• Long, slender with
tapering ends
• Walls-abundant sieve
areas-conduction
• Living
• Functions-conduct food
materials

13. COMPANION CELLS
• Associated with sieve tubes
• Living
• Occur along with lateral walls of sieve tubes
• In T.S- rectangular or polyandria
• Absent in Pteridophytes and gymnosperms
• Assist sieve tubes –translocation of food

14. PHLOEM FIBRES OR BAST FIBRES
• Sclerenchyma associated with phloem
• Elongated, pointed and lignified
• Mechanical support, commercial fibers

15. PHLOEM PARENCHYMA
• Seen only in dicot phloem,
absent in monocots
• Occur both in primary and
secondary phloem
• Store- starch, oil and other
foods