The document discusses communication and its various aspects. It defines communication and provides definitions from different scholars. It describes the components of the communication process including the context, sender, message, encoding, medium, receiver, decoding, and feedback. It also discusses different types of communication such as verbal, nonverbal, symbolic, and written communication. Finally, it outlines some barriers to effective communication.

1. DONE BY,
B.SHRUTHI
(11109A067)

4.  The
word ‘communication’ is derived from Latin
word ‘communis’, which means common. It is a
process of exchange of facts, ideas, opinions and a
means that individuals or organizations share the
meaning and understanding with one another.

5. 
Communication is a process of sharing experience till it
becomes a common possession. It modifies the
disposition of both parties who partakes it- John Dewey.

Communication is sharing of ideas and feelings in a
mood of mutuality- Edgar Dale.

Communication is a means of persuasion to influence
other so that desired effect is achieved- Aristotle.

7.  Communication
is a process of exchanging
verbal and non verbal messages. It is a
continuous process.

9.  The
main components of communication process are as
follows:
 Context
- Communication is affected by the context in
which it takes place. This context may be physical, social,
chronological or cultural. Every communication proceeds
with context.
 Sender /
Encoder - Sender / Encoder is a person who sends
the message. A sender makes use of symbols (words or
graphic or visual aids) to convey the message and produce
the required response.

10.  Message
- Message is a key idea that the sender
wants to communicate. It must be ensured that the
main objective of the message is clear.
(Communication symbol) – The process of
conversion of subject matter into symbols is called
encoding. The message or subject matter of any
communication is always abstract and intangible.
Transmission of message requires use of certain
symbols.
 Encoding

11.  Medium
- Medium is a means used to exchange /
transmit the message For instance - Written medium is
chosen when a message has to be conveyed to a small
group of people, while an oral medium is chosen when
spontaneous feedback is required from the recipient as
misunderstandings are cleared then and there.
 Recipient / Decoder - Recipient / Decoder is a person for
whom the message is intended / aimed / targeted. The
degree to which the decoder understands the message is
dependent upon various factors such as knowledge of
recipient, their responsiveness to the message, and the
reliance of encoder on decoder.

12. – It is the process of translation of an encoded
message into ordinary understandable language.
Receiver converts the symbols, words or signs received
from the sender to get the meaning of the message.
 Decoding
 Feedback
- Feedback is the main component of
communication process as it permits the sender to
analyze the efficacy of the message. It helps the sender in
confirming the correct interpretation of message by the
decoder. Feedback may be verbal (through words) or
non-verbal (in form of smiles, sighs, etc.). It may take
written form also in form of memos, reports, etc.

14.  ONE
WAY VS TWO WAY COMMUNICATION
(DIDACTIC METHOD VS SOCRATIC METHOD)

15.  VERBAL COMMUNICATION:
Is an exchange of
information using words including both the spoken
and the written word. The most important aspects of
verbal communication are the following.
 Language
 Pacing
 Intonation
 Clarity and Brevity
 Timing and relevance

16. NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION: Information is
exchanged through non-verbal communication in various
ways. It is sometimes referred as body language. Duribleby
and Brutan (1992) suggest that body language has several
elements.
 Gesture
 Facial expression
 Posture
 Gait
 Body space and proximity
 Touch
 Personal appearance
 Eye contact
 Sounds
 Silence


17.  SYMBOLIC
COMMUNICATION: It involves the
verbal and nonverbal symbolism to convey meaning.
Art and music are forms of symbolic communication
used by nurses to facilitate understanding and
healing for patients.

18. It is ‘communication
about communication’ so that the deeper ‘message
within a message’ can be uncovered and understood.
When a patient tells the nurse that he is cool to
undergo surgery with his body rigid and sharp
voice, a nurse can interpret that he is anxious as
evidenced by the body language.
 METACOMMUNICATION:

19.  WRITTEN
COMMUNICATION: Another
important form of communication is written
communication. It is the best method when the
communicator and the recipient are beyond oral
communication media.

20. CONTENT
CAPABILITY
CONTINUITY &
CONSISTENCY
CREDIBILITY
CLARITY
CHANNELS
CONTEXT

22.  These
barriers arise when duties and line of
authority are not clearly defined. Various types of
organizational barriers are:
 Policy
 Rules and regulations
 Facilities
 Complex organization
 Status and position

23.  Poor pronunciation.
 Confused
thinking.
 Communication overload.
 Attitude.
 Fear and anxiety.
 Suspicious, jealousy, anger.
 Resentment, antagonism and
prejudices.
 Lack of interest and lack of
listening.

24.  Physical
 Poor
health
hearing
 Distances:
Four distinct zones may greatly vary in
different cultures, 18”- intimate, 4”- personal,
12”- social, 20”- public.

25.  Non
availability of
proper machines.
 Presence
of defective
machines.
 Interruption.
 Power failure.

26.  Lack
of common experience.
 Linguistic- different languages and vocabulary.
 Lack of knowledge of any language.
 Low IQ.
 From receiver’s side: interrupting the speaker;
asking too many questions for the sake of probing.
 From sender’s side: unclear messages; incomplete
sentences, no clarification.

27. MODES OF
COMMUNICATION