Communication is a two-way process and continuous process ie.sender to the receiver. Importance of communication.Sender, message, medium, receiver, and feedback etc.
Communication is a two-way process and continuous process ie.sender to the receiver. Importance of communication.Sender, message, medium, receiver, and feedback etc.
Definition of Communication.
Different ways of Communication.verbal communication and other ways.upward and downward communication.
Function of Communication,it has four main function.
Communication Process.communication is a two way process,
Effective Communication characteristics.
Barriers to Effective Communication
Types of Barriers Communication
Types of Communication
Channels of Communication
Direction of Communication
Verbal Communication
Methods of Communication
Communication is a Series of Experience .
1) Introduction of Barriers of Communication.
2)Meaning.
3)Types of Barriers of Communication.
4)Effects of Barriers of Communication
5) Methods to overcome Barriers of Communication.
6) Conclusion and Reference.
Communication barriers can be found everywhere in business, from the top down to middle management to external relationships. Communication breakdowns occur organizationally, such as when team members are isolated, or individually, when a person misinterprets or ignores what another is saying. They can arise from too many distractions at work or not enough clarity about a project.
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Definition of Communication.
Different ways of Communication.verbal communication and other ways.upward and downward communication.
Function of Communication,it has four main function.
Communication Process.communication is a two way process,
Effective Communication characteristics.
Barriers to Effective Communication
Types of Barriers Communication
Types of Communication
Channels of Communication
Direction of Communication
Verbal Communication
Methods of Communication
Communication is a Series of Experience .
1) Introduction of Barriers of Communication.
2)Meaning.
3)Types of Barriers of Communication.
4)Effects of Barriers of Communication
5) Methods to overcome Barriers of Communication.
6) Conclusion and Reference.
Communication barriers can be found everywhere in business, from the top down to middle management to external relationships. Communication breakdowns occur organizationally, such as when team members are isolated, or individually, when a person misinterprets or ignores what another is saying. They can arise from too many distractions at work or not enough clarity about a project.
↓↓↓↓ Read More:
Watch my videos on snack here: --> --> http://sck.io/x-B1f0Iy
@ Kindly Follow my Instagram Page to discuss about your mental health problems-
-----> https://instagram.com/mentality_streak?utm_medium=copy_link
@ Appreciate my work:
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Thank-you !
Business communication -Assignment - Kerala UniversityNijaz N
1. Why do we communicate? What benefits does effective communication give you? How is the effectiveness of communication evaluated?
2. Discuss communication as a two-way process of exchange of information.
3. Discuss the important barriers in the communication process. Give practical examples of failures of communication arising from the different communication barriers.
4. Do you agree that, in its final form, communication is a manifestation of the personalities of both the sender and the receiver? Discuss.
5. How does group communication differ from mass communication? Does this difference between these two forms of communication demand greater care on the part of communicator (Sender)? Discuss.
ReadySetPresent (Communication PowerPoint Presentation Content): 100+ PowerPoint presentation content slides. The foundation of all skills remains in effective communication in today's professional world. Communication PowerPoint Presentation Content slides include topics such as: Exploring the critical elements of good communication, different methods of communication, 10 slides on keys to effective listening, 6 slides on listening techniques, 10 slides on improving your listening, asking vs. telling, 10 slides on barriers and gateways to communication, 20 slides on effective business communication, why attending is important, responding to content, posturing and observing and feedback, 20+ slides on nonverbal communication, including eye contact, language barriers, how to's and more!
Communication and health education.pptxMohan Kgowda
Unit-I Communication for Health Education
Communication can be regarded as a two-way process of exchanging or shaping ideas, feelings and information.
Communication and education are interwoven. Communication strategies can enhance learning. The ultimate goal of all communication is to bring about a change in the desired direction of the person who receives the communication. This may be at the cognitive level in terms of increase in knowledge; it may be affective in terms of changing existing patterns of behaviour and attitudes; and it may be psychomotor in terms of acquiring new skills.
Communication is part of our normal relationship with other people. Our ability to influence others depends on our communication skills, e .g., speaking, writing, listening, reading and reasoning. These skills are much needed in health education.
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Communication which is the basis of human interaction is a complex process. It has the following main components
1. Sender
2. Receiver
3. Message
4. Channel(s)
5. Feedback
1 . Sender:-
The sender (communicator) is the originator of the message. To be an effective communicator, he must know:
- his objectives, clearly defined
- his audience : it's interests and needs
- his message
- channels of communication
- his professional abilities and limitations.
2. Receiver:-
All communications must have an audience, this may be a single person or a group of people. Without the audience, communication is nothing more than mere noise.
The audience may be of two types : the controlled and the uncontrolled.
• A controlled audience is one which is held together by a common interest. It is a homogeneous group.
• An uncontrolled or "free" audience is one which has gathered together from motives of curiosity.
3 . Message:-
A message is the information (CONTENT) which the communicator transmits to his audience to receive, understand, accept and act upon. It may be in the form of words, pictures or signs. Health communication may fail in many cases, if its message is not adequate.
A good message must be :
- meaningful
- based on felt needs
- clear and understandable
- specific and accurate
- timely and adequate
- fitting the audience
- interesting
Transmitting the right message to the right people at the right time is a crucial factor in successful communication.
4 . Channels of communication:-
By channel is implied the "physical bridges" or the media of communication between the sender and the receiver.
The total communication effort is based on three media systems:
Interpersonal communication
Mass media
Traditional or folk media
a. Interpersonal communication
The most common channel of communication is the interpersonal or face-to-face communication. Being personal and direct it is more persuasive and effective than any other form of communication.
b. Mass media
In mass communication, the channel is one or more of the following "mas
Unit-I Communication for Health Education
Communication can be regarded as a two-way process of exchanging or shaping ideas, feelings and information.
Communication and education are interwoven. Communication strategies can enhance learning. The ultimate goal of all communication is to bring about a change in the desired direction of the person who receives the communication. This may be at the cognitive level in terms of increase in knowledge; it may be affective in terms of changing existing patterns of behaviour and attitudes; and it may be psychomotor in terms of acquiring new skills.
Communication is part of our normal relationship with other people. Our ability to influence others depends on our communication skills, e .g., speaking, writing, listening, reading and reasoning. These skills are much needed in health education.
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Communication which is the basis of human interaction is a complex process. It has the following main components
1. Sender
2. Receiver
3. Message
4. Channel(s)
5. Feedback
1 . Sender:-
The sender (communicator) is the originator of the message. To be an effective communicator, he must know:
- his objectives, clearly defined
- his audience : it's interests and needs
- his message
- channels of communication
- his professional abilities and limitations.
2. Receiver:-
All communications must have an audience, this may be a single person or a group of people. Without the audience, communication is nothing more than mere noise.
The audience may be of two types : the controlled and the uncontrolled.
• A controlled audience is one which is held together by a common interest. It is a homogeneous group.
• An uncontrolled or "free" audience is one which has gathered together from motives of curiosity.
3 . Message:-
A message is the information (CONTENT) which the communicator transmits to his audience to receive, understand, accept and act upon. It may be in the form of words, pictures or signs. Health communication may fail in many cases, if its message is not adequate.
A good message must be :
- meaningful
- based on felt needs
- clear and understandable
- specific and accurate
- timely and adequate
- fitting the audience
- interesting
Transmitting the right message to the right people at the right time is a crucial factor in successful communication.
4 . Channels of communication:-
By channel is implied the "physical bridges" or the media of communication between the sender and the receiver.
The total communication effort is based on three media systems:
Interpersonal communication
Mass media
Traditional or folk media
a. Interpersonal communication
The most common channel of communication is the interpersonal or face-to-face communication. Being personal and direct it is more persuasive and effective than any other form of communication.
b. Mass media
In mass communication, the channel is one or more of the following "mas
Dissertation on Integrated Marketing Communication of Coca Cola India and What changes can be considered in their promotional activity.
I have tried to cover the details of Mass Communication, Advertising, Sales Promotion, Online Marketing, Direct Selling, Television Commercials, Print Ads, Public Relations, Crisis Communication, Strategic Communication, Strategic Planning etc in this Project. It is based on hard core research and the information are more in depth updated.
As a Part of My Virtual Presentation to ACSS - 2014 Conference Osaka Japan, http://www.iafor.org/.
It is based on my research paper on prostitution and its legalization.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
1. NIMCJ
ASSIGNMENT ON PAPER – I
Name
:-
Deepen P. Upadhyaya
Section
:-
“B”
Roll No
:-
15
Batch
:-
6th – Year 2013
Submitted to
:-
Mrs. Komal Shah
Date of submission : -
22 Nov 2013
2. NIMCJ
Communication
Communication is a process which enables a person to express his/ her ideas,
thoughts, problems or needs to people on the other end. It is exchange of the above
between two or more people in order to get some output. It is an effective way to
show our needs, demands, and idea to reach people via various modes through
speech, visuals, sign, written form, behavior or even cartoons & Logos.
It’s basically divided into three steps.
First: Arrangement of message and ideas in mind of sender.
Second: Packaging, Encoding the same message or idea and delivering
it to the receiver.
Third: Interpretation or Decoding of the message by the receiver by his/
her point of view.
Meaning of Communication:Communication means to exchange ideas, thoughts and information through
mediums like Sound, Visuals, Signe, Gestures, Behavior and Texts. Where one use
all the 6 senses to deliver and interpret any message.
It is based on L-S-R-W format Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing.
Importance of communication:Communication is so important because it lets the other person or persons know
what you are feeling. If we didn't say anything to each other we would not know what
was going on inside. It lets you understand what the other person is saying or
thinking at a given time.
It is also important to expressing our thoughts, our ideas, our feelings, our views
For connecting with others
Sharing information
Giving advice
Teaching
Consulting.
Learning
Writing rules and laws
Sharing values.
For expressing our creativity
For expressing our life philosophy
Sharing the findings of our research work
Selling goods and services
Publicity and advertising
Networking with people with common interests
3. NIMCJ
Functions of communication:1. Disseminating factual information:As per the concept of Sadharanikar, communication is to bring people into a common
level i.e. it’s done to share information in a common level. Various types of mass media
can be useful in order to broadcast information or message to bigger audience through
TV, Radio, and Web.
2. Assisting the public in understanding this information:The theories of two step and multistep flow suggests that there are opinion leaders or
suggestion maker who has strong influence on the mass and they perform the duty of
interpreting the message to the receiver by making it common and simple to
understand.
Example: - If a foreigner from china comes to India then there will be a person acting as
interpreter to both the Indian delegate and Chinese visitor in their communication
process.
3. Entertaining the public (News, analysis & entertainment):In today’s time communication also practiced to inform, update and entertain people
via News (Paper & Audio-Video), Theater, Ads, Logos, Banners, Hoardings, Movies,
Songs, Radio, Website etc. It deals in giving public a choice of what they want to watch
and what they want to ignore.
It also functions in following
i) Information function: The basic requirement of adapting and adjusting oneself to the
environment is information. There must be some information about what is going on in the
environment which concerns the people. The receiving or giving of information underlines
all communication functions, either directly or indirectly.
ii) Command or instructive function: Those who are hierarchically superior in the family,
society or organization, often initiate communication either for the purpose of informing their
subordinates or for the purpose of telling them, what to do, how to do when to do etc.
iii) Influence or persuasive function: According to Berlo (1960), the sole purpose of
communication is to influence people. Persuasive function of communication i.e. to induce
people is extremely important for extension in changing their behavior in the desirable
direction.
iv) Integrative function: A major function of communication is integration or of
continuously offsetting any disintegration at the interpersonal or at the organizational level.
This helps in maintaining individual, societal or organizational stability and identity.
Also for Knowledge management Decision making Coordinating work activities fulfill other
work related needs Passing Information Imparting Education for persuading others for
giving advice for warning others
4. NIMCJ
Features of Communication
1.Information/Messages
2.Transfer of message
3.Two or more persons
4.Media
5.Feedback
At a Glance
6. Specific objectives
7.Understanding
8.Barriers
9.Dynamic Process
10.Indispensable
1. Information/Messages: Information or message is the basic element of all types of
communication. Communication takes place to transfer particular informational
message.
2. Transfer of message: The main function of communication is to transfer particular
message or information.
3. Two or more persons: Basically communication is a two way process. One person
cannot make successful communication. At least two persons are required to
complete the communication process.
4. Media: Without a media communication cannot take place. Information can be
transferred through written, verbal or non-verbal media.
5. Feedback: Communication experts think that ‘no feedback-no communication’.
Infect the communication cycle ends with feedback. For effective communication
there must be a feedback from the receiver.
6. Specific objectives: Communication always made to satisfy a predetermined
objective(s). That is in any type of communication there must be a specific purpose.
7. Understanding: Communication must include both the transfer and understanding
of messages. Only transfer of message cannot complete the communication process.
To be effective the transferred message must be understood by the receiver.
8. Barriers: where there is communication there must be some kind of barriers. In real
world we cannot think of communication without barriers. In fact we are to make
communication by overcoming the barriers.
9. Dynamic Process: Communication is not a static process; rather it is a dynamic
process which has different steps.
10. Indispensable: Perhaps the most important feature of communication is, if is an
indispensable part of human life or social life. Without communication will be static.
5. NIMCJ
Elements of Communication
The basic elements of communication are:
a) Communicator: The sender, speaker or writer who intends to convey a message.
b) Message: The subject matter of communication.
c) Transmission: The act of conveying the message.
d) Channel: The medium used to transmit the message.
e) Receiver: The person to whom the message is meant
f) Response: Replying or reaction of the receiver.
Types of Communication:The communication can be divided into following types
Verbal & non verbal
Interpersonal & intra personal
Small group & mass communication
Verbal: - By speaking or sound medium. TV, Radio, Speech etc.
Non Verbal: - Where there is exchange of info without sound i.e. Letters, Hoardings,
News Papers, Cartoons, and Comics etc.
Interpersonal: - Here the sender and receiver are two different individuals. The
process of communication taking place between or among a small or large group in
Formal/ informal way on Personal/ impersonal level and One on one or face to face.
Intrapersonal
You communicate with yourself in a closed system type of communication. The
speaker is the listener or sender itself is the receiver.
Small group:- Limited of a selected group of people, generally those who
has a common ground in interacting and exchanging information. It has
scope of feedback, less noise and more effective in interpretation.
Mass Communication: - It is generally practiced in bigger mass. There is no specific
group division. Use of Modern Technology is more in this type than small group. E.g.
a Minister gives election speech to public through channels like Speaker, Mike, TV
telecasting.
6. NIMCJ
Barriers to effective communication
Barriers to effective communication can hinder or misrepresent the message and
intention of the message being conveyed which may result in failure of the
communication process or an effect that is unwanted. These include filtering, selective
perception, information overload, emotions, language, silence, communication
apprehension, gender differences and political correctness
1. Personal barriers
2. Mono-logical communication
(Self – Speaking practice)
Losing touch with audience
Self-occupied
3. Ideological – political barriers
4. Language difference
5. Sociocultural barriers
Physical barriers: - Location, Distance, Medium of communication.
Misinterpretation: - Wrong Words, Sentence, Example failing to understand
Individual linguistic ability: - The Speaker and Listener’s language skills,
knowledge and difference in intonations.
Physiological barriers: - These may result from individuals' personal uneasiness,
caused due to prejudice, ill health, and poor eyesight or hearing difficulties.
Presentation of information: - Improper designing, packaging or framing of the
message. This results in misunderstanding and unclear decoding of the message.
8. NIMCJ
Basic Communication Process
The Process of communication involves
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Sender :- Who sends message
Encoding: - Packaging of Message.
Channel: - Medium of message to send and receive.
Noise: - Disturbance while sending, encoding, decoding & receiving message.
Decoding: - interpretation of message.
Feedback: - Giving response to the received message.
9. NIMCJ
Effective communication
Effective communication is when a desired result of received through the process of
communication. Not only is the desired effect received but it also is made to last and
influence the potential increase after the message is passed and interpreted.
Making Communication Effective
Use actual than intellectual words wherever possible.
The content has to be made meaningful to the receiver
The message should be framed according to the capability of the receiver.
There should be a proper blend of verbal and non-verbal communication
Eye contact should be maintained
Speak at a moderate rate and Communicate a little at a time.
Create rapport with the receiver
Select appropriate channel
Encourage listening & feedback
Avoid communicating in extreme emotional states
Know your audience, your purpose, your topic.
Anticipate objections.
Achieve credibility with your audience.
Follow through on what you say.
Present information in several ways.
Develop a practical, useful way to get feedback.
Use multiple communication techniques.
Make the message
Attractive
Brief &
Clear
Communication involves a number of skills and no one is a complete – effective
Communicator. Each individual can become a better communicator by sharpening his/her
skill through learning and practice.
Communication Skill
Listening Skills
Speaking Skills
Reading Skills
Writing Skills
Verbal and non-verbal
Technological and non-technological
Mediated and non-mediated
Participatory and non-participatory
10. NIMCJ
Communication Technique
Formal Communication:Formal communication is a type of communication which is used in the context of
organization where a large group of employees work together to accomplish goals of
organization. Formal communications usually take place in the form of written
communication, which follows the lines of authority or scalar chain of command.
Following are the chief characteristics of the formal communication:
(1) Written and Oral:
Formal communication can both be written and oral. Daily works are handled through oral
communication, while the policy matters require written communication.
(2) Formal Relations:
This communication is adopted among those employees where formal relations have been
established by the organization. The sender and the receiver have some sort of organizational
relations.
(3) Prescribed Path:
The communication has to pass through a definite channel while moving from one person to another.
For example, to convey the feelings of a worker to the manager, the foreman’s help has to be sought.
(4) Organizational Message:
This channel is concerned with the authorized organizational messages only and the personal
messages are out of its jurisdiction.
(5) Deliberate Effort:
This channel of communication is not established automatically but effort has to be made for its
creation. It is decided keeping in view the objectives of the organization.
Advantages
The formal communication has the following advantages:
(1) Maintenance of Authority of the Officers:
Formal communication maintains constant relations among the superiors and the subordinates as a
result of whom the dignity of the line superiors is maintained. Consequently, it is convenient to
control the subordinates and fix their responsibility which is absolutely needed for effective and
successful control.
(2) Clear and Effective Communication:
In formal communication, there is a direct contact among the managers and the subordinates. Both
understand the capability, habits, feelings, etc. of one another. Managers know as to when and under
which conditions their subordinates need information. In this way, this communication is capable of
making available timely information. Hence, it is clear and effective.
(3) Orderly Flow of Information:
The information has to pass through a definite route from one person to another. Hence, the flow of
information is systematic.
(4) Easy Knowledge of Source of Information:
In this type of communication, the source of each information can be easily located.
11. NIMCJ
Limitations
Following are the disadvantages or limitations of the formal communication:
(1) Overload of Work:
In a modern business organization much information, many messages and other things have to be
communicated. Under formal communication, they are routed through a definite channel and this
consumes much of the time of the superiors and thus some other important works are left
unattended.
(2) Distortion of Information:
This method can be a hindrance in the flow of information. Sometimes the distance between the
sender and the receiver is so big that the information has to pass through many hands and by the time
it reaches the receiver it is distorted. Thus it fails to serve its purpose.
(3) Indifferent Officers:
The officers do not pay much attention to the suggestions and complaints of the subordinates. In
such a case a subordinate may come lose his faith in the effectiveness of communication.
12. NIMCJ
Informal Communication
Informal communication refers to the gossip or informal talks that take place among the various
groups of people working in an organization that don’t follow organizational line of authority or
hierarchy.
14. NIMCJ
Upward communication
Communication is upward if it passes from subordinates to their chief, as from the rank and file to
supervisors from general manager. Communications downward are highly directive-that is they
initiate actions by subordinates.
Communications going upward are primarily non-directive that is they report result or give
information but cannot initiate activity by superiors.
Downward communication
Downward communication is that which flows from a superior to subordinate as from the board of
directors to executives, from a general manager to departmental foreman to his workers.
16. NIMCJ
Communication Process
Linear Model of Communication
It is a one way model to communicate with others. It consists of the sender encoding a message and
channeling it to the receiver in the presence of noise. Draw backs – the linear model assumes that
there is a clear cut beginning and end to communication. It also displays no feedback from the
receiver.
• For example; a letter, email, text message, lectures.
Nonlinear model:
Nonlinear model is a two way process in which the presenter identify the feedback of the
receiver, it is also called as circular model. Helical model is non-linear model:
17. NIMCJ
Principles of Communication
1. Completeness:
In a complete message, the audience has everything they need to be informed and, if applicable, take
action.
Does your message include a "call to action", so that your audience clearly knows what you want
them to do?
Have you included all relevant information – contact names, dates, times, locations, and so on?
2. Conciseness:
When you're concise in your communication, you stick to the point and keep it brief. Your audience
doesn't want to read six sentences when you could communicate your message in three.
Are there any adjectives or "filler words" that you can delete? You can often eliminate words like
"for instance," "you see," "definitely," "kind of," "literally," "basically," or "I mean."
Are there any unnecessary sentences?
Have you repeated the point several times, in different ways?
3. Concreteness:
When your message is concrete, then your audience has a clear picture of what you're telling them. There
are details (but not too many!) and vivid facts, and there's laser like focus. Your message is solid.
4. Courtesy:
Courteous communication is friendly, open, and honest. There are no hidden insults or passive aggressive tones. You keep your reader's viewpoint in mind, and you're empathetic to their needs.
5. Clarity:
When your communication is coherent, it's logical. All points are connected and relevant to the main
topic, and the tone and flow of the text is consistent. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MASS COMMUNICATION
AND JOURNALISM
6. Correctness:
When your communication is correct, it fits your audience. And correct communication is also error-free
communication.
Do the technical terms you use fit your audience's level of education or knowledge?
Have you checked your writing for grammatical errors? Remember, spell checkers won't catch
everything.
Are all names and titles spelled correctly?
7. Clear:
When writing or speaking to someone, be clear about your goal or message. What is your purpose in
communicating with this person? If you're not sure, then your audience won't be sure either.
To be clear, try to minimize the number of ideas in each sentence. Make sure that it's easy for your
reader to understand your meaning. People shouldn't have to "read between the lines" and make
assumptions on their own to understand what you're trying to say.
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Verbal Communication and Nonverbal Communication
Verbal communication is an act of conveying messages, ideas, or feelings through the
use of mouth. Verbal communication is the main way of communicating face-to-face.
Among the key components of the verbal communication are words, sound, speaking, and
language. When the sender conveys information, facts, and opinion either verbally or in
writing to the receiver using different channels of communication, it is known as verbal
communication.
Nonverbal communication takes place without the use of words. Nonverbal
communication involves the unconscious mind acting out emotions related to the verbal
content, the situation, and the environment. The sender uses the body language, facial
expression, hand movements, eye movements, etc. to convey the feelings, emotions, and
other information to the receiver. This type of the communication can be useful when both
the sender and the receiver don’t have an understanding of a common language. This
technique of communication is especially useful when you are dealing with a client who is
deaf and dumb.
Facial Expression
Gestures
Paralinguistic
Body Language and Posture
Proxemics
Eye Gaze
Haptic
Appearance
Vocal cues
Posture
Physical appearance
Distance or spatial territory
Position or posture
Touch
20. NIMCJ
Listening Skills for Communication
A good listener will listen not only to what is being said, but also to what is left unsaid or
only partially said.
Effective listening involves observing body language and noticing inconsistencies between
verbal and non-verbal messages. By following we can improve listening skills.
Maintain eye contact with the instructor.
Focus on content, not delivery.
Avoid emotional involvement.
Avoide personal prejudice
Avoid distractions.
Treat listening as a challenging mental task.
Avoide disturbing the speaker
Ask question when in doubt
Let the speaker speak first. Don’t disturbe in between.
Paraphase
Give proper response when ever needed.
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Interpersonal communication
Interpersonal communication is exchange of information between two or more people. It
is also an area of study. Related skills are learned and can be improved. During
interpersonal communication there is message sending and message receiving. This can
be conducted using both direct and indirect methods. Successful interpersonal
communication is when the message senders and the message receivers understand the
message.
Four Principles of Interpersonal Communication
These principles underlie the workings in real life of interpersonal communication. They are
basic to communication. We can't ignore them
Interpersonal communication is inescapable
We can't communicate. The very attempt not to communicate communicates something.
Through not only words, but through tone of voice and through gesture, posture, facial
expression, etc., we constantly communicate to those around us. Through these channels,
we constantly receive communication from others. Even when you sleep, you
communicate. Remember a basic principle of communication in general: people are not
mind readers. Another way to put this is: people judge you by your behavior, not your
intent.
Interpersonal communication is irreversible
You can't really take back something once it has been said. The effect must inevitably
remain. Despite the instructions from a judge to a jury to "disregard that last statement the
witness made," the lawyer knows that it can't help but make an impression on the jury. A
Russian proverb says, "Once a word goes out of your mouth, you can never swallow it
again."
Interpersonal communication is complicated
No form of communication is simple. Because of the number of variables involved, even
simple requests are extremely complex. Theorists note that whenever we communicate
there are really at least six "people" involved: 1) who you think you are; 2) who you think
the other person is; 30 who you think the other person thinks you are; 4) who the other
person thinks /she is; 5) who the other person thinks you are; and 6) who the other person
thinks you think s/he is.
We don't actually swap ideas, we swap symbols that stand for ideas. This also complicates
communication. Words (symbols) do not have inherent meaning; we simply use them in certain
ways, and no two people use the same word exactly alike.
If communication can fail, it will.
If a message can be understood in different ways, it will be understood in just that
way which does the most harm.
There is always somebody who knows better than you what you meant by your
message.
The more communication there is, the more difficult it is for communication to
succeed.
22. NIMCJ
Small Group Communication
What is a small group?
Consists of 3-15 people who share a common goal or purpose and who influence
one another
Must have at least 3 people to be a group, no more than 15 (ideal groups are 5-7)
In order to be a group we must be united by a common goal—we aren’t a group if
we do not have a goal and a plan to accomplish the goal
We must realize we are members of a group and feel as if we belong to that group
Group members are also interdependent—what one says or does affects the entire
group
Characteristics of Small Groups
1) Interdependence: Each group member influences other group members and
is, in turn, influenced by them. Group members influence each other's values,
goals, and attitudes. As groups become closer, members depend more and more
on each other for advice, favors, and so on. This is probably the single most
important characteristic of groups.
2) Common perceptions: Group members must think of themselves as being
members of the group. They must share decisions in the group and present
themselves to others as a group. The group may have a name (for example, the
Planning Committee), which makes the perception of the group members stronger.
3) M otivation: Group members must have some reason for belonging to the
group. There must be some need that is met through membership.
4) Goals: The group must have certain goals. Groups might to plan parties,
discuss an issue, and so on. This task might be assigned by someone else, as in
the case of a committee formed by a company to deal with worker complaints.
5) Systematic: Groups must have a system. They have communication networks
and patterns within the group. In a group where each member is assigned an
individual part of the group's entire task, for example, preparing a section of a
report that the group is working on, members might communicate more with the
leader than with each other.
6) Complex: The interaction within groups is extremely complicated. Group
members deal with each other on at least three levels. They deal with each other
as individuals, according to their roles in the group, and according to their roles in
society and/or the larger organization that the small group is part of.
7) Dynamic: Group interaction changes over time. The individual group members
change, and so do their roles in the group. Group members ge t to know each other
better, both as individuals and according to the way they function in the group.
Conflicts also arise over time, and this influences the group interaction.
23. NIMCJ
Organizational Communication
Organizational communication is a sub field of the larger discipline of
communication studies. Organizational communication, as a field, is the
consideration, analysis, and criticism of the role of communication in
organizational contexts.
24. NIMCJ
Life span of a corporate communicator
3 decades
1st decade is you living decade, you learn the ropes of the business
2nd decade tests your ability to climb the corporate ladder3rd rise to the top
At every level of the corporate world, professionals are rated on the parameters of
knowledge, aptitude and commitment to their work place
3 E’s of Corporate Communicator
Education – brief about corporate culture, PR and Marketing.
Experience – learning the knowhow of the corporate
Expertise – becoming well versed in the corporate sector.
One’s professional experience begins as a signpost going onto notch up milestones of
achievement
25. NIMCJ
The Corporate communication will involve much more than just motivating the employees
and then dispensing the good PR. It does represent the tool to be leveraged and the process
which is to be mastered. A Power of Corporate Communication shows the managers and the
executives how to communicate effectively with the fellow employees from a mailroom to
boardroom, and also between the organizations and across the industries. Fully accessible
and nonacademic refreshingly, it will create the easy-to-follow map of world of corporate
communication, with the workplace-tested approaches for addressing the common
challenges. Written by the two leaders in the today's corporate communication field Paul
Argentic is an author of 1994's Corporate Communicational Power of Corporate
Communication is replete with the careful analyses and the real-world examples and the case
studies from leading organizations also including Sony, Coca-Cola, and the GE.
The effective corporate communication does requires the carefully formulated and the
implemented program, one which will both craft the corporation's image and a protect which
image when the problems arise. A Power of the Corporate Communication is the most
straight-talking guide of today's for mastering an art and leveraging a power of the corporate
communication.
The key components of a corporate communication function. Methods to manage the
multiple constituencies and the deliver consistent, the relevant messages Crisis
communication tactics, and a dangers of creating the "spin" as opposed to facing the
problems.
The Successful communication program is a central to everything the organization do
accomplishes, or will hope to accomplish. Let a Power of the Corporate Communication do
provide you with a tools which you need to establish and maintain the program and build the
corporate communication program which provides you with the strategic advantage.
Thank you
By
Deepen Upadhyaya
Roll No - 15
NIMCJ – Batch 6
SEM – I, Sec - B