Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) is a 3D QSAR technique that derives correlations between biological activity of molecules and their 3D shape, electrostatic, and hydrogen bonding characteristics. It involves aligning molecules, placing probes in a 3D grid around them, calculating interaction energies, and using PLS analysis to generate a regression equation and contour maps showing regions where certain properties enhance or reduce binding affinity. CoMFA is useful for predicting properties of untested molecules, optimizing lead compounds, and generating hypotheses about receptor binding sites, with hundreds of applications in drug design, particularly ligand-protein interactions.

1. Comparative Molecular
Field Analysis (CoMFA)
Pinky Sheetal V
1801110004
M.Tech Bioinformatics

2. Introduction
• CoMFA (Comparative Molecular Field Analysis) is a 3D QSAR technique based on
data from known active molecules.
• The aim of CoMFA is to derive a correlation between the biological activity of a set
of molecules and their 3D shape, electrostatic and hydrogen bonding
characteristics.

3. Methodology
1. A set of molecules is first selected which will be included in the analysis.
 As a most important precondition, all molecules have to interact with the same kind of
receptor (or enzyme, ion channel, transporter) in the same manner, i.e., with identical
binding sites in the same relative geometry.
2. A certain subgroup of molecules is selected which constitutes a training set to
derive the CoMFA model.
3. Atomic partial charges are calculated and (several) low energy conformations are
generated.
4. A pharmacophore hypothesis is derived to orient the superposition of all
individual molecules and to afford a rational and consistent alignment.
5. A sufficiently large box is positioned around the molecules and a grid distance is
defined.
6. Different atomic probes, e.g., a carbon atom, a positively or negatively charged
atom, a hydrogen bond donor or acceptor, or a lipophilic probe, are used to
calculate field values in each grid point, i.e., the energy values which the probe
would experience in the corresponding position of the regular 3D lattice.

4. 7. PLS analysis is the most appropriate method for this purpose .
8. The result of the analysis corresponds to a regression equation with thousands of
coefficients.
 Most often it is presented as a set of contour maps. These contour maps
show favorable and unfavorable steric regions around the molecules as well
as favorable and unfavorable regions for electropositive or electronegative
substituents in certain positions
9. Predictions for the test set (the compounds not included in the analysis) and for
other compounds can be made, either by a qualitative inspection of these
contour maps or, in a quantitative manner, by calculating the fields of these
molecules and by inserting the grid values into the PLS model.

5. Summary of the alignment procedure used for sulfotransferase substrates in CoMFA. Vyas
Sharma, Michael W. Duffel, 2005

6. On a rectangular bounding grid measure interaction energies
of each ligand with probe atoms placed successively at each
grid point

7. The color coding's indicate
regions where
electronegative
substituents enhance
(blue) or reduce (red) the
binding affinity.
Regions where substitution
enhances (green) or reduces
(yellow) the binding affinity

8. Applications
• Predict the properties and activities of untested molecules
• Compare different QSAR models statistically and visually
• Optimize the properties of a lead compound
• Validate models of receptor binding sites
• Generate hypotheses about the characteristics of a receptor binding
site
• Prioritize compounds for synthesis or screening
• There are now a few hundred practical applications of CoMFA in drug
design. Most applications are in the field of
– Ligand protein interactions
– Describing affinity or inhibition constants
– Correlate steric and electronic parameters

10. Problems in CoMFA
• The force field functions do not model all interaction types
• Show singularities at the atomic positions
• Deliberately defined cut-off values needed
• Contour plots often not contiguously connected
New approach: CoMSIA (Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices)
• Does not calculate interaction energies but distance-dependent
similarity indices (similarity of probe to molecule atoms) resulting in
smooth contour plot

11. Contour Plot
blue: negative correlation with binding affinity
red: positive correlation with binding affinity

12. References
• http://www.cmbi.ru.nl/edu/bioinf4/comfa-Prac/comfa.shtml
• Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA), Hugo Kubinyi, BASF
AG, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
• Vyas Sharma, Michael W. Duffel, A Comparative Molecular Field
Analysis‐Based Approach to Prediction of Sulfotransferase Catalytic
Specificity, Methods in Enzymology,2005
• http://tripos.com/index.php?family=modules,SimplePage,,,&page=Q
SAR_CoMFA
• http://bioptrain.org/uploads/3/33/Comfa_ASAPseminar.pdf

13. Thank you