STRUCTURAL ORGANISATIONS IN ANIMALS
COCKROACH
The slide contain about-
1. Classification of cockroach
2. Feature of cockroach
3. Morphology- Head , Thorax , Abdomen
4. Difference between male and female cockroach
5. Anatomy- Digestive system, Blood vascular system, Respiratory system , Excretion , Nervous system , Reproductive system , Questions with answers
It discusses basic information regarding a hemichordate animal called Balanoglossus or Acorn worm, which is also a good connecting link between the non-chordates and chordates.
paramecium is a microscopic organism. it is an protozoan that comes under ciliates. they are even visible under naked eyes. Paramecium are unicellular organism they lives in aquatic environment. they are used as live feed for fishes.
are worm-like parasites. The clinically relevant groups are separated according to their general external shape and the host organ they inhabit. There are both hermaphroditic and bisexual species.
The definitive classification is based on the external and internal morphology of egg, larval, and adult stages.
Helminth is a general term meaning worm. The helminths are invertebrates characterized by elongated, flat or round bodies.
In flatworms or platyhelminths (platy from the Greek root meaning “flat”) include flukes and tapeworms.
Roundworms are nematodes (nemato from the Greek root meaning “thread”).
The nervous system of Pila globosa consists of paired and unpaired ganglia with their commissures and connectives.
The commissures are the nerves that establish connections between similar ganglia, while connectives are the nerves that connect two dissimilar or different ganglia.
It discusses basic information regarding a hemichordate animal called Balanoglossus or Acorn worm, which is also a good connecting link between the non-chordates and chordates.
paramecium is a microscopic organism. it is an protozoan that comes under ciliates. they are even visible under naked eyes. Paramecium are unicellular organism they lives in aquatic environment. they are used as live feed for fishes.
are worm-like parasites. The clinically relevant groups are separated according to their general external shape and the host organ they inhabit. There are both hermaphroditic and bisexual species.
The definitive classification is based on the external and internal morphology of egg, larval, and adult stages.
Helminth is a general term meaning worm. The helminths are invertebrates characterized by elongated, flat or round bodies.
In flatworms or platyhelminths (platy from the Greek root meaning “flat”) include flukes and tapeworms.
Roundworms are nematodes (nemato from the Greek root meaning “thread”).
The nervous system of Pila globosa consists of paired and unpaired ganglia with their commissures and connectives.
The commissures are the nerves that establish connections between similar ganglia, while connectives are the nerves that connect two dissimilar or different ganglia.
Chordata is the last phylum of kingdom Animalia.
Which is further subdivided into subphylums, divisions and classes.
The Slides shows the classification of the phylum along with the basis on which it is classified.
(includes examples along with pictures for easy understanding and memorizing)
ORIGIN OF CHORDATES
Animal kingdom is basically divided into two sub kingdoms:
Non-chordata- including animals without notochord.
Chordata- This comprising animals having notochord or chorda dorsalis.
Chordates were evolved sometime 500 million years ago during Cambrian period (invertebrates were also began to evolve in this period) .
Chamberlain (1900) pointed out that all modern chordates possess glomerular kidneys that are designed to remove excess water from body.
It is believed that Chordates have originated from invertebrates.
It is difficult to determine from which invertebrate group the chordates were developed.
Chordate ancestors were soft bodied animals. Hence they were not preserved as Fossils.
However, early fossils of chordates have all been recovered from marine sediments and even modern protochordates are all marine forms.
Also glomerular kidneys are also found in some marine forms such as myxinoids and sharks. That makes the marine origin of chordates more believable.
Chordates evolved from some deuterostome ancestor (echinoderms, hemichordates, pogonophorans etc.) as they have similarities in embryonic development, type of coelom and larval stages.
Many theories infers origin of chordates, hemichordates and echinoderms from a common ancestor.
Sponges,are pore bearing,multicellular,diploblastic animals that belong to phylum Porifera
Body of all sponges is perforated by large number of pores called ostia through which water enters Inside body and flows through a system of criss-crossing canals known as canal system
Three main types of canal systems in the order of increasing complexity are Asconoid, Syconoid and Leuconoid type.
Chordata is the last phylum of kingdom Animalia.
Which is further subdivided into subphylums, divisions and classes.
The Slides shows the classification of the phylum along with the basis on which it is classified.
(includes examples along with pictures for easy understanding and memorizing)
ORIGIN OF CHORDATES
Animal kingdom is basically divided into two sub kingdoms:
Non-chordata- including animals without notochord.
Chordata- This comprising animals having notochord or chorda dorsalis.
Chordates were evolved sometime 500 million years ago during Cambrian period (invertebrates were also began to evolve in this period) .
Chamberlain (1900) pointed out that all modern chordates possess glomerular kidneys that are designed to remove excess water from body.
It is believed that Chordates have originated from invertebrates.
It is difficult to determine from which invertebrate group the chordates were developed.
Chordate ancestors were soft bodied animals. Hence they were not preserved as Fossils.
However, early fossils of chordates have all been recovered from marine sediments and even modern protochordates are all marine forms.
Also glomerular kidneys are also found in some marine forms such as myxinoids and sharks. That makes the marine origin of chordates more believable.
Chordates evolved from some deuterostome ancestor (echinoderms, hemichordates, pogonophorans etc.) as they have similarities in embryonic development, type of coelom and larval stages.
Many theories infers origin of chordates, hemichordates and echinoderms from a common ancestor.
Sponges,are pore bearing,multicellular,diploblastic animals that belong to phylum Porifera
Body of all sponges is perforated by large number of pores called ostia through which water enters Inside body and flows through a system of criss-crossing canals known as canal system
Three main types of canal systems in the order of increasing complexity are Asconoid, Syconoid and Leuconoid type.
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Periplanata americana
morphology, sense organs
anatomy - digestive system
respiratory system
excretory system
nervous system
circulatory system
reproductive system
Useful for NEET 12 th
This ppt deals with brief description of Cockroach (Periplaneta americana) including morphology, anatomy, physiology, etc. Useful for NEET, NET, SET, PGT, TGT, TET, PG, UG, other competitive exams including 10+2 All boards. if you have any Question in Biological Sciences you can call or Whatsapp on 9839119920 without any fee or charges just to help needy students.
BIOLOGY ,HABITAT AND IMPORTANT DIAGONOSTIC FEATURES OF THE INSECT ORDER NEURO...sana sana
THIS SLIDE GIVES IMPORTANT DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES OF THE INSECT ORDER LIKE NEUROPTERA,TRICHOPTERA ,AND MECOPTERA. AND THIS ALSO INCLUDE LIFE CYCLE AND METAMORPHOSIS CHARACTERS OF THE ORDER MECOPTERA AND TRICHOPTERA.ITS GIVES A BRIEF DISCUSSION WITH SOME PICTURES
Crash-Course for AIPMT & Other Medical Exams 2016 (Essentials cockroach)APEX INSTITUTE
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structural organization in animal
topic FROG
morphology ,anatomy, in detail
general characteristics
digestive system
respiratory systems
circulatory system
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reproductive system
ecological values
metamorphosis
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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3. Features Of Cockroach
Cockroaches are brown or black bodied animals.
Bright yellow , red and green coloured cockroaches have also been reported
in tropical region.
Their size ranges from ¼ inches to 3 inches (0.6-7.6 cm) and have long
antenna , legs and flat extension of the upper body wall that conceals head.
They are nocturnal omnivores that live in damp places throughout the world.
They are serious pests and vectors of several diseases.
(Cockroaches are nocturnal omnivore means they are active at night and they
can eat both plant and animal products)
4. Morphology
Periplaneta Americana are about 34-53 mm long with wings that extend
beyond the tip of the abdomen in males.
Its body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen.
The entire body is covered by hard chitinous exoskeleton.
Exoskeleton has hardened plates called sclerites that are joined to each
other by a thin and flexible articular membrane
5. Head
It is pear shaped and is six segmented.
It lies at right angle to the body with the broad side upwards.
It articulates with the thorax by flexible neck.
On each side of the head is a large compound eye.
They have a pair of antennae articulate in pits close to the notches of the
compound eyes.
The top of the head is termed as vertex.
Antennae have sensory receptors that helps in monitoring the
environment.
6. Mouth parts are chewing and surrounded by five kinds of
appendages.
These include the labrum (upper lip) , mandibles, first maxillae ,
second maxillae and hypopharynx (tongue).
7. Thorax
The thorax consists of three segments – Prothorax, Mesothorax and
metathorax.
The head is connected with the thorax by a short extensions of the
prothorax known as neck.
Each thoracic segment bear a pair of walking legs.
The first pair of wings arises from mesothorax and the second pair from
metathorax.
Forewings called tegmina are opaque dark and leathery and cover the
hind wings when at rest.
The hind wings are transparent , membranous, and are used in flight.
8.
9. Abdomen
In both males and females abdomen consists of 10 segments.
In females, the 7th sternum is boat shaped and together with the 8th and
9th sterna forms a brood or gential pouch whose anterior part contains
female gonopore , spermathecal pores and collateral glands.
In males, gential pouch or chamber lies at the hind end of abdomen
bounded dorsally by 9th and 10th terga and ventrally by the 9th sternum.
It contains dorsal anus, ventral male gential pore and gonapophysis .
Males bear a pair of short, thread like anal styles which is absent in
females.
In both sexes, the 10th segment bears a pair of jointed filamentous
structures called anal cerci.
10.
11.
12. Difference Between Male And Female
Cockroach
Male Cockroach Female cockroach
A . The abdomen is long and narrow. A . The abdomen is short and broad
B . Brood pouch is absent. B . Brood pouch is present.
C . Male have longer antenna. C . Female have shorter antennae
D . Anal styles are present D . Anal styles are absent.
13. Anatomy
In anatomy of cockroach we will learn about
Digestive system
Blood circulatory system
Respiratory system
Excretion
Nervous system
Reproductive system
14. Digestive System
Alimentary canal divided into three regions; foregut, midgut and hindgut.
The mouth opens into short pharynx leading to oesophagus.
Oesophagus opens into a sac like crop, which store food.
Crop is followed by gizzard or proventriculus.
Gizzard contains chitinous teeth for grinding the food.
The entire fore gut is lined by cuticle.
A ring of 6-8 blind tubules called hepatic or gastric caecae present at the junction of
foregut and midgut, which secretes digestive juices.
Midgut is long tube like structure.
At the junction of midgut and hindgut, another ring of 100-150 yellow coloured thin
filamentous Malpighian tubulesare present.
Malpighian tubules are meant for excretion from haemolymph.
The hindgut is broader and differentiated into ileum, colon and rectum.
15.
16. Blood Vascular System
Blood vascular system is open type.
Blood vessels are poorly developed and open into space called haemocoel.
Visceral organs located in the haemocoel and bathed in blood called haemolymph.
The haemolymph composed of colourless plasma and haemocytes.
Heart is elongated multichambered, funnel shaped with ostia.
Blood enter into the heart through ostia and is pumped anteriorly into the sinuses.
The haemocoel differentiated into three sinuses;
Pericardial sinus.
Perivisceral sinus.
Perineural sinus.
17.
18. Respiratory System
The respiratory system consists of a network of trachea.
Trachea opens to outside by 10 pairs of small holes called spiracles on lateral side
of the body.
Trachea gives rise to branching tubes called tracheal tubes which subdivided into
tracheoles.
Opening of spiracles regulated by valves.
Movement of air takes place by diffusion and directly to the body cell.
19.
20. Excretion
Excretion is performed by malpighian tubules.
Each tubule is lined by glandular and ciliated cells.
They absorb nitrogenous wastes from the haemocoel and converted into uric acid
and poured into the hindgut.
Hence cockroach is uricotelic in nature.
Nephrocytes and uricose glands also assist in excretion.
21.
22. Nervous System
Consists of a series of segmentally arranged ganglia joined by paired longitudinal
double ventral nerve cord.
Three ganglia lie in thorax and six in the abdomen.
Head contain a bit of nervous system.
The brain is represented by supra-oesophageal ganglion which innervates the
compound eye and antennae.
The sense organs are antennae, eyes maxillary palps, labial palps, anal cerci etc.
Each compound eye consists of about 2000 hexagonal ommatidia.
Each ommatidium forms a part of the image, called mosaic vision.
23.
24. Reproductive System
Cockroaches are dioecious and sex organs are well developed.
Male reproductive system consists of a pair of testes lying one on each in 4th
and 6th segments.
Vas deferens arises from each testis, opens into ejaculatory duct through seminal
vesicle.
Ejaculatory duct opens into the male gonopore situated ventral to anus.
Accessory reproductive gland called mushroom gland present on 6th-7th segment.
External genitalia represented by male gonopophysis or phallomere.
Sperms are sorted in the seminal vesicles and are glued together in the form of bundles
called spermatophores which are discharged during copulation.
25. The female reproductive system consists of two large ovaries present in 2nd –
6th abdominal segments.
Each ovary is formed a group of eight ovarian tubules or ovarioles, containing chain of
developing ova.
Oviduct of each ovary fused to form single median oviduct or vagina, which opens into
genital chamber.
A pair of spermatheca is present in the 6th segment which opens into genital chamber.
Sperms are transferred through spermatophores.
The fertilized eggs are encased in capsules called oothecae.
Ootheca is dark reddish to blackish brown capsule about 3/8” long.
On average, female produce 9-10 oothecae, each containing 14-16 eggs.
Development is pourometabolous i.e development through nymphal stages.
The nymph grows by molting about 13 times to reach the adult form.
28. Quiz Time
1. What is the scientific name of cockroach?
2. What is the position of ovaries in cockroach?
3. How many segments are present in the abdomen of cockroach?
4. What is the function of malpighian tubules?
5. Name the locomotory appendages of cockroaches on the basis of external
morphology
29. Answers
1. Periplaneta Americana
2. Ovaries in cockroaches lie in the 4th, 5th and 6th segment.
3. Ten segment
4. The malpighian tubules help in the removal of excretory product present in the
haemolymph of the cockroach
5. Three pairs of legs and 2 pairs of wings.