Cockroach is a terrestrial, cosmopolitan insect found in warm, dark, damp places. It is nocturnal and has an elongated, flattened oval shape. It has an open circulatory system and undergoes incomplete metamorphosis. Its mouthparts include a labrum, mandibles, maxillae, and labium. Its alimentary canal is long and coiled, consisting of a foregut with a mouth and pharynx, an esophagus, crop, gizzard, midgut for digestion, and hindgut with an ileum, colon, and rectum opening at the anus.

1. Cockroach:-

2. COCKROACH ( Periplanata americana)
P= ARTHROPODA
C= INSECTA
O= DICTYOPTERA
F= BLATTIDAE
G= Periplaneta
S= americana

3. Habits:Terrestrial, cosmopolitan insect found on warmth, dark damp places, nocturnal animal
Habits:1) Locomotion :Cursorial
2) Feeding :Omnivorous, scavengerous
3) Respiration :Trachael respiration
4) Breeding :Unisexual or sexual dimorphism
5) Development :Direct
6) Metamorphosis:Gradual metamorphosis
7) Shape:Elongated, dorsoventrally, flattened oval shaped
8) Size:38 mm in length,12 mm width

4. 9) Symmetry :Bilateral
10) Outer covering :Cuticle ,which protects body from loss of water
11) Body Cavity:Pseudocoel filled body called haemocoel
12) Excretory organ:Malphigian tubules
13) Circulatory system :Open type
14) Sexes:Unisexual or dioecious
15) Metamorphosis :Incomplete or pourometabolic

5. Mouth Parts :-

6. Head :Small, triangular, pear-shaped, visible from dorsal side view
composed of
- Composed eye
- Antennae
- Oscellar spots
Mouth parts:-
1) Labrum:Pre-oral cavity also called upper lip, help in hold of food
2) Mandibles:Pair of stout, unjointed sclerotized triangular structure present on
lateral side of head
3) First Maxillae:4) Labium:Broad plate form posterior margin of pre-oral cavity called lower lip
5) Hypopharynx:Hanging structure in pre-oral cavity Called tongue

7. Alimentary Canal :-

8. Alimentary canal:Varying diameter, long coiled tube like structure
1) Fore-gut:@ pre-oral cavity:Is pseudocoel bounded mouth parts,
@ Mouth:Slit like aperture at tip of pre-oral cavity
@ Pharynx :Cuticular lining more folded short tubular structure
@ Oesophagus :Narrow, straight, thin compressed tube
@ Crop :Occupies entire thoracic and some abdominal part of body
@ Gizzard :Small, hard, bulb-like, muscular structure help in grinding
2) Mid gut:Internally lined columnar, glandular cells use mainly for digestion and absorption also
called ventriculus
3) Hindi gut:@ Ileum:Short, narrower, thin and internally folded wall
@ Colon:Thicker and coiled part of Hind gut
@ Rectum:Small oval chamber open out anus