This document summarizes key concepts from a lecture on computer organization and assembly language, including: - Memory is partitioned into segments like code, data, and stack to organize programs. - Logical addresses specify a segment and offset to indirectly reference physical memory locations. - Examples show how logical addresses in code and data segments map to machine code instructions and data. - Segmentation is reviewed as a fundamental concept in computer organization along with instruction types.

1. COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
& ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
LECTURE # 7
BY MUHAMMAD JAFER
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2. SEGMENTATION
• PARTITION OF MEMORY
• 8086
• 1MB
• 64k
• Data Segmentation
• Code Segmentation
• Stack Segmentation
• Extra Segmentation
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3. PHYSICAL ADDRESS
• 00000H
• FFFFFH
• Actual Address in the memory
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4. LOGICAL ADDRESS
• SEGMENT VALUE : OFFSET
• FFFFFH
• CS:IP
• 2500:95F3
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5. LA VS PA IN CODE SEGMENT
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Logical Address
CS:IP
Machine Language
Opcode and Oprand
Assembly Language
Mnemonics & Operand
1132:0100 B057 MOV AL,57
1132:0102 B686 MOV DH,86
1132:0104 B272 MOV DL,72
1132:0106 89D1 MOV CX,DX
1132:0108 88C7 MOV BH,AL
1132:010A B39F MOV BL,9F

6. LA VS PA IN DATA SEGMENT
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Logical Address
SS:IP
Assembly Language
1132:0100 MOV AL,0
1132:0102 MOV BX,0200H
1132:0104 MOV Al,[BX]
1132:0106 INC BX
1132:0108 MOV Al,[BX]
1132:010A INC BX

7. CHAPTER REVIEW
• Fundamentals of Computer Organization and
Architecture by Mostafa Abd-Al-Barr & Hesham
AlRewini
• Chapter # 2
• Instruction Types
• Programming Examples
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8. PROGRAM SEGMENTATION
• Three important part of assembly program
• Code Segment
• Data Segment
• Stack Segment
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