Coal7 segmentation in Assembly Programming
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This document summarizes key concepts from a lecture on computer organization and assembly language, including: - Memory is partitioned into segments like code, data, and stack to organize programs. - Logical addresses specify a segment and offset to indirectly reference physical memory locations. - Examples show how logical addresses in code and data segments map to machine code instructions and data. - Segmentation is reviewed as a fundamental concept in computer organization along with instruction types.
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Avl tree
AVL Trees
Adelson-Velskii and Landis
Binary Search Tree - Best Time
All BST operations are O(d), where d is tree depth
minimum d is for a binary tree with N nodes
What is the best case tree?
What is the worst case tree?
So, best case running time of BST operations is O(log N)
Binary Search Tree - Worst Time
Worst case running time is O(N)
What happens when you Insert elements in ascending order?
Insert: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 into an empty BST
Problem: Lack of “balance”:
compare depths of left and right subtree
Unbalanced degenerate tree
Balanced and unbalanced BST
Approaches to balancing trees
Don't balance
May end up with some nodes very deep
Strict balance
The tree must always be balanced perfectly
Pretty good balance
Only allow a little out of balance
Adjust on access
Self-adjusting
Balancing Binary Search Trees
Many algorithms exist for keeping binary search trees balanced
Adelson-Velskii and Landis (AVL) trees (height-balanced trees)
Splay trees and other self-adjusting trees
B-trees and other multiway search trees
Perfect Balance
Want a complete tree after every operation
tree is full except possibly in the lower right
This is expensive
For example, insert 2 in the tree on the left and then rebuild as a complete tree
AVL - Good but not Perfect Balance
AVL trees are height-balanced binary search trees
Balance factor of a node
height(left subtree) - height(right subtree)
An AVL tree has balance factor calculated at every node
For every node, heights of left and right subtree can differ by no more than 1
Store current heights in each node
Height of an AVL Tree
N(h) = minimum number of nodes in an AVL tree of height h.
Basis
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Induction
N(h) = N(h-1) + N(h-2) + 1
Solution (recall Fibonacci analysis)
N(h) > h ( 1.62)
Height of an AVL Tree
N(h) > h ( 1.62)
Suppose we have n nodes in an AVL tree of height h.
n > N(h) (because N(h) was the minimum)
n > h hence log n > h (relatively well balanced tree!!)
h < 1.44 log2n (i.e., Find takes O(logn))
Node Heights
Node Heights after Insert 7
Insert and Rotation in AVL Trees
Insert operation may cause balance factor to become 2 or –2 for some node
only nodes on the path from insertion point to root node have possibly changed in height
So after the Insert, go back up to the root node by node, updating heights
If a new balance factor is 2 or –2, adjust tree by rotation around the node
Single Rotation in an AVL Tree
Implementation
Single Rotation
Double Rotation
Implement Double Rotation in two lines.
Insertion in AVL Trees
Insert at the leaf (as for all BST)
only nodes on the path from insertion point to root node have possibly changed in height
So after the Insert, go back up to the root node by node, updating heights
If a new balance factor is 2 or –2, adjust tree by rotation around the node
Insert in BST
Insert in AVL trees
Example of Insertions in an A
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Learn about the latest innovations in and around OpenUI5/SAPUI5: UI5 Tooling, UI5 linter, UI5 Web Components, Web Components Integration, UI5 2.x, UI5 GenAI.
Recording:
https://www.youtube.com/live/MSdGLG2zLy8?si=INxBHTqkwHhxV5Ta&t=0
E-commerce Development Services- Hornet Dynamics
For any business hoping to succeed in the digital age, having a strong online presence is crucial. We offer Ecommerce Development Services that are customized according to your business requirements and client preferences, enabling you to create a dynamic, safe, and user-friendly online store.
14 th Edition of International conference on computer vision
About the event
14th Edition of International conference on computer vision
Computer conferences organized by ScienceFather group. ScienceFather takes the privilege to invite speakers participants students delegates and exhibitors from across the globe to its International Conference on computer conferences to be held in the Various Beautiful cites of the world. computer conferences are a discussion of common Inventions-related issues and additionally trade information share proof thoughts and insight into advanced developments in the science inventions service system. New technology may create many materials and devices with a vast range of applications such as in Science medicine electronics biomaterials energy production and consumer products.
Nomination are Open!! Don't Miss it
Visit: computer.scifat.com
Award Nomination: https://x-i.me/ishnom
Conference Submission: https://x-i.me/anicon
For Enquiry: Computer@scifat.com
Oracle 23c New Features For DBAs and Developers.pptx
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Consistent toolbox talks are critical for maintaining workplace safety, as they provide regular opportunities to address specific hazards and reinforce safe practices.
These brief, focused sessions ensure that safety is a continual conversation rather than a one-time event, which helps keep safety protocols fresh in employees' minds. Studies have shown that shorter, more frequent training sessions are more effective for retention and behavior change compared to longer, infrequent sessions.
Engaging workers regularly, toolbox talks promote a culture of safety, empower employees to voice concerns, and ultimately reduce the likelihood of accidents and injuries on site.
The traditional method of conducting safety talks with paper documents and lengthy meetings is not only time-consuming but also less effective. Manual tracking of attendance and compliance is prone to errors and inconsistencies, leading to gaps in safety communication and potential non-compliance with OSHA regulations. Switching to a digital solution like Safelyio offers significant advantages.
Safelyio automates the delivery and documentation of safety talks, ensuring consistency and accessibility. The microlearning approach breaks down complex safety protocols into manageable, bite-sized pieces, making it easier for employees to absorb and retain information.
This method minimizes disruptions to work schedules, eliminates the hassle of paperwork, and ensures that all safety communications are tracked and recorded accurately. Ultimately, using a digital platform like Safelyio enhances engagement, compliance, and overall safety performance on site. https://safelyio.com/
ALGIT - Assembly Line for Green IT - Numbers, Data, Facts
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8 Best Automated Android App Testing Tool and Framework in 2024.pdf
Regarding mobile operating systems, two major players dominate our thoughts: Android and iPhone. With Android leading the market, software development companies are focused on delivering apps compatible with this OS. Ensuring an app's functionality across various Android devices, OS versions, and hardware specifications is critical, making Android app testing essential.
Hand Rolled Applicative User Validation Code Kata
Could you use a simple piece of Scala validation code (granted, a very simplistic one too!) that you can rewrite, now and again, to refresh your basic understanding of Applicative operators <*>, <*, *>?
The goal is not to write perfect code showcasing validation, but rather, to provide a small, rough-and ready exercise to reinforce your muscle-memory.
Despite its grandiose-sounding title, this deck consists of just three slides showing the Scala 3 code to be rewritten whenever the details of the operators begin to fade away.
The code is my rough and ready translation of a Haskell user-validation program found in a book called Finding Success (and Failure) in Haskell - Fall in love with applicative functors.
Unveiling the Advantages of Agile Software Development.pdf
Learn about Agile Software Development's advantages. Simplify your workflow to spur quicker innovation. Jump right in! We have also discussed the advantages.
Webinar On-Demand: Using Flutter for Embedded
Flutter is a popular open source, cross-platform framework developed by Google. In this webinar we'll explore Flutter and its architecture, delve into the Flutter Embedder and Flutter’s Dart language, discover how to leverage Flutter for embedded device development, learn about Automotive Grade Linux (AGL) and its consortium and understand the rationale behind AGL's choice of Flutter for next-gen IVI systems. Don’t miss this opportunity to discover whether Flutter is right for your project.
Measures in SQL (SIGMOD 2024, Santiago, Chile)
SQL has attained widespread adoption, but Business Intelligence tools still use their own higher level languages based upon a multidimensional paradigm. Composable calculations are what is missing from SQL, and we propose a new kind of column, called a measure, that attaches a calculation to a table. Like regular tables, tables with measures are composable and closed when used in queries.
SQL-with-measures has the power, conciseness and reusability of multidimensional languages but retains SQL semantics. Measure invocations can be expanded in place to simple, clear SQL.
To define the evaluation semantics for measures, we introduce context-sensitive expressions (a way to evaluate multidimensional expressions that is consistent with existing SQL semantics), a concept called evaluation context, and several operations for setting and modifying the evaluation context.
A talk at SIGMOD, June 9–15, 2024, Santiago, Chile
Authors: Julian Hyde (Google) and John Fremlin (Google)
https://doi.org/10.1145/3626246.3653374
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