The document discusses numerical control (NC) and computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It covers topics like the basic components and classification of NC machines, different control systems used in NC/CNC like open loop and closed loop systems, types of NC machines based on control system like point-to-point and contouring systems, driving systems including AC, DC and stepping motors, tooling systems, applications and advantages/disadvantages of NC/CNC machines. The document also discusses part programming fundamentals, manual and CNC part programming, micromachining and wafer machining processes.
This describes the mechanism of Computer Numerical Control along with its types, control system, motion system, Programming of CNC, G codes, Part programming, adaptive control machining etc.
CNC Programming for Begainer.
1.Easy Mehtod.
2.Complete Theoritical Knowledge.
3.Motion and coordinate system for NC machine.
4.Axes convention of VMC & HMC.
5.How to make Part Programming.
6.Coordinates System.
7.Programming Format.
8.List of G Codes And M Codes.
9.How to Use of Above Codes In Programme.
10.Reference Point and Return of Machine.
This describes the mechanism of Computer Numerical Control along with its types, control system, motion system, Programming of CNC, G codes, Part programming, adaptive control machining etc.
CNC Programming for Begainer.
1.Easy Mehtod.
2.Complete Theoritical Knowledge.
3.Motion and coordinate system for NC machine.
4.Axes convention of VMC & HMC.
5.How to make Part Programming.
6.Coordinates System.
7.Programming Format.
8.List of G Codes And M Codes.
9.How to Use of Above Codes In Programme.
10.Reference Point and Return of Machine.
THIS PPT CONTAIN VMC TRAINING AT GHANDHY COLLEGE SURAT. THIS INCLUDE ABOUT CNC MACHINE, AXIS IDENTIFICATIONS, PART PROGRAMMING, G CODES, M CODES,OPERATING OF VMC....SIMPLE DRAWING FOR VMC INCLUDING LINEAR N CIRCULAR INTERPOLATIONS
A numerical control system in which the data handling, control sequences, and response to input is determined by an on-board computer system at the machine tool.
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machining is the process through which computers control machine-based processes in manufacturing. The kinds of machines controlled include lathes, mills, routers and grinders – all used for manufacturing of metal and plastic products.
THIS PPT CONTAIN VMC TRAINING AT GHANDHY COLLEGE SURAT. THIS INCLUDE ABOUT CNC MACHINE, AXIS IDENTIFICATIONS, PART PROGRAMMING, G CODES, M CODES,OPERATING OF VMC....SIMPLE DRAWING FOR VMC INCLUDING LINEAR N CIRCULAR INTERPOLATIONS
A numerical control system in which the data handling, control sequences, and response to input is determined by an on-board computer system at the machine tool.
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machining is the process through which computers control machine-based processes in manufacturing. The kinds of machines controlled include lathes, mills, routers and grinders – all used for manufacturing of metal and plastic products.
Contents:
1. History
2. Introduction to CNC Milling
3. Elements of CNC Machine
4. How CNC Works
5. CNC Programming
6. Advantages and Disadvantages of CNC
7. Applications of CNC
Numerical Control (NC) machine tools – CNC types, constructional details, special features, machining centre, and part programming fundamentals CNC – manual part programming – micromachining – wafer machining
Geometric modeling: Wire frame, surface and solid modeling - Engineering analysis;
design review and evaluation, automated drafting.
Numerical control: Need - advantages and disadvantages – classifications – Point to
point, straight cut and contouring positioning - incremental and absolute systems – open
loop and closed loop systems – DDA integrator and Interpolators – resolution – CNC and
DNC.
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC): need – relays - logic ladder program –
timers, simple problems only - Devices in N.C. systems: Driving devices - feed
back devices: encoders, moire fringes, digitizer, resolver, inductosyn, and
tachometer.
cnc, mesin cnc, fanuc, haas, makino, yaskawa, doosan, mesin bubut, mesin milling, mesin tapping, wirecut, mesin press, mesin pabrik, mesin otomotif, sparepart mesin cnc
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
1. UNIT 5
CNC MACHINE
– Numerical Control (NC) machine tools – CNC types,
constructional details, special features, machining
centre, part programming fundamentals CNC – manual
part programming–micromachining – wafer machining.
2. NUMERICAL CONTROL SYSTEM
– Numerical control refers to the automation of machine tools
operated by programmed commands encoded on a storage
medium against to manual control through hand wheels or
mechanically automated through cams alone.
– Controlling a machine tool by means of a prepared programme is
known as Numerical Control or NC
3. Definition of NC System
– A system in which actions are controlled by the direct insertion of
numerical data at some point is known as NC system.
4.
5. TYPES OF NC SYSTEM
– Traditional numerical control (NC)
– Computer numerical control (CNC)
– Distributed numerical control (DNC)
18. Driving system of NC Machines
– Electromechanical devices
– Digital circuits
19. AC Drives
– Principle of operation
The velocity of AC synchro motor is controlled by
manipulating the voltage frequency supplied by the motor. The
frequency manipulation requires the use of an electrical inverter, the
inverter contains DC power supply and the circuit inverts DC voltage
into AC voltage with a continuously controllable frequency.
21. STEPPING MOTOR
– Principle of operation
The drive unit contains a steering circuit and a power
amplifier. It translates the input pulses into the correct switching
sequence required to step the motor.
24. TOOLING SYSTEMS IN NC
MACHINES
– Using quick change tool holders
– Automatic tool selection
– Changing tools automatically for sequence of operations
25. APPLICATIONS OF NC
MACHINES
– Metal cutting machine tools
– Press working machine tools
– Welding machines
– Inspection machines
– Assembly machines
– Industrial robots
– Cloth cutting
26. ADVANTAGES OF NC
MACHINES
– It provides greater accuracy
– Less production cost
– Less operator skill is required
– Machine utilization is better
– Tooling cost is less
– Cycle time is reduced thereby increasing the tool life.
28. CNC SYSTEM
– Computer numerical control is a NC system that utilizes a stored
programme to perform the basic numerical control functions. A
mini or micro computer based controller unit is used.
29.
30. The type of CNC used in these
above- said fields are given below
– CNC lathes
– CNC turning centres
– Gear hobbing machines
– Gear shaping machines
– Tube bending
– Electron beam welding
– Press brakes
– Abrasive water jet machines
– Coordinate measuring machines
34. Special features of CNC
machines
– CNC drive systems
– Feed drive
– Slide movement element
– Swarf and coolant control
– Working of automatic tool changer
– Work holding system
– CNC controller
– Type of CNC machines
47. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS OF
CNC MACHINES
– Static load
– Dynamic load
– Thermal load
– Guideways
– Measuring system
– Tool monitoring system
48.
49. APPLICATION OF CNC MACHINES
– Metal cutting industry for processes
– In addition to metal cutting machines, CNC has also been applied
to the following
– Press working machine tools
– Welding machines
– Inspection machines
– Assembly machines
– Industrial robots
– Cloth cutting
50. ADVANTAGES OF CNC
MACHINES
– It increases in capacity for storing large part programs
– It increases the memory for part programme processing
– It is easy to edit the part programs on the control console
– CNC is more compatible
51. DISADVANTAGES OF CNC
MACHINES
– Costly setup and skilled operators are required
– Computer programming knowledge is essential
– Maintenance is difficult
– Machines have to be installed in air conditioned places
52. DNC
– DNC can be defined as a manufacturing system in which a number
of CNC machines are controlled by a single computer through
direct connection and in real time.
55. ADVANTAGES OF DNC
– The computer can be remotely located even a thousand miles
away
– The computer can simultaneously programme for many NC
machines
56. PART PROGRAMMING
FUNDAMENTALS
– The conversion of engineering blueprint to a part
programme can manually be performed or with the
assistance of a high level computer language.
– Part program
– Methods of creating part programming
57. Part program
– The part programme is a set of instructions proposed to get the
machined part starting with the desired blank and NC machine
tool.
58.
59. Methods of creating part
programming
– Manual part programming
– Computer assisted part programming (CAD/CAM)
– Manual data input
– Computer automated part programming
60. CNC MANUAL PART
PROGRAMMING
– To prepare a part programme using a manual method, the
programmer writes the machining instructions on a special format
called part programming manuscript.
– The manual programming jobs can be divided into two categories
– Point to point jobs
– Contouring jobs
61. DATA REQUIRED FOR PART
PROGRAMMING
– Job dimensions/workpiece
– Work holding
– Feed/cutting speed
– Finished dimension with tolerance
– Sequence of operation
– Types of tools
– Mounting of tools
63. ZERO POINTS
– Origin is considered as zero point of the coordinate
system. NC machines have either of two methods for
specifying the zero point.
– Fixed zero
– The origin is always located at the southwest corner (lower left
hand corner).
– Floating zero
– The machine operator sets zero point at any positions on the
machine table.
64. REFERENCE POINT
– The part programmer decides the zero point to be located. It is
known as reference point.
65. NC related dimensioning in part
programming
– There are two type of positioning
– Absolute positioning
– The tool locations are always defined in relation to zero point. G90
code is used in a part programme to represent absolute mode
– Incremental positioning
– The next tool location must be defined with reference to the
previous tool location. G91 code is used in a part programme to
represent incremental mode
66.
67. There are two types of unit system
follows
– Inch system
– G70 command is used
– Metric system
– G71 command is used
68. The following steps should be kept in
mind while writing the programme
– Fixation of coordinate system
– Reference of G and M codes
– Dimensions of work and tools
– Locating the fixture and machine table
– Speed and feed according to the work and tool material.
69.
70. PREPARATORY FUNCTIONS (G) IN
PART PROGRAMMING
– Preparatory commands which prepare the machine or
tool for different modes of movement positioning.
71.
72.
73. MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION IN
PART PROGRAMMING
– The function not relating the dimensional movement of the
machine but it denotes the auxiliary or switching information is
called miscellaneous functions.
– For example coolant on/off, spindle speed
80. INTERPOLATION IN PART
PROGRAMMING
– It is the process of developing coordinate points in between start
and finish coordinates.
– Interpolation in NC machining is required to calculate the
intermediate points of a curve or straight line when its start and
end coordinates are given. Interpolation may be linear, circular or
cubic/parabolic.
83. SUBROUTINES
– The same machining operation which was carried out already is to
be performed at many different operations on the work piece. It
can be executed by means of a means of programme called as
subrouties.
84. CANNED CYCLE
– A canned cycle is a combination of machine moves that performs
anyone particular machining function drilling, turning, milling,
boring, tapping etc.
– G81 to G89 are used for canned cycles
– G80 is used for cancelling the canned cycle
85. MICROMACHINING
– Micromachining refers of the technique for the fabrication of 3D
structure on the micrometer scale. Micromachining refers the
super finishing, a metalworking process for producing very fine
surface finishes.
– The various types of micromachining process are given below
– Bulk micromachining
– Surface micromachining
86.
87. SURFACE MICROMACHINING
– In surface machining process, the structures are created on top of
a substrate. In this case, a silicon substrate (wafer) is selectively
etched to produce structures.
– In this machining the microstructures are built by deposition and
etching of different structural layers on top of the substrate.