The document provides information about a training on CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines conducted by the Mechanical Engineering department at GEETANJALI INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL STUDIES. It discusses the basics of CNC, including the classification of CNC machines, basic elements, programming and process. The training covered topics such as designing software, wheel balancing, CNC lathe machine operation, engine assembly and disassembly, welding and soft skills.

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GEETANJALI INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL STUDIES
Presentation
on
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine
GITS IN-HOUSE TRANING
Approved by :-
Prof. Vishnu Agarwal
HOD,Mechanical
Submitted By :- Kapil vadiyar

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1. DESIGNING SOFTWARE
 SOLID WORKS
 ANSYS
2. WHEEL BALANCING AND WHEEL ALIGNMENT
3. CNC LATHE MACHINE
4. IC ENGINE
 DISASSEMBLY
 REASSEMBLY
5. WELDING
6. SOFT SKILLS

3. CONTENT
• 1. Introduction
• 2. What is CNC?
• 3. History of CNC
• 4. Classification of CNC machine
• 5. Basic element of CNC machine
• 6. Process of CNC
• 7. CAD/CAM
• 8. Part programming
• 9. Basic G-codes
• 10. Basic M-codes
• 11. Process of program
• 12. Advantages
• 13. Challenges
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4. INTRODUCTION
• In Industry it is not efficient or profitable to make
everyday products by hand.
• CNC machines can have several axes of movement, and
these movements can be either linear or rotary. Many
machines have both types.
• We use Siemens 802D CNC Lathe machine in our
college.
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6. WHAT IS CNC?
• CNC Machining is a process used in the manufacturing sector that
involves the use of computers to control machine tools.
• This means a computer converts the design into numbers which the
computer uses to control the cutting and shaping of the material.
• CNC machine works like the Robot, which has to be fed with the
program and it follows all your instructions.
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Computer Numerical Control

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8. CLASSIFICATION OF CNC MACHINE
Classification
of CNC
Based on
Motion
Point-to-
point
Straight line
Continuous
path
Based on
Feedback
Closed loop Open loop
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9. HISTORY OF CNC
• 1949:US Air Force asks MIT to develop a "numerically
controlled" machine.
• 1952:Prototype NC machine demonstrated (punched tape
input).
• 1980:CNC machines (computer used to link directly to
controller)
• 1990:DNC: external computer “drip feeds” control programmer
to machine tool controller
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10. BASIC ELEMENTS OF CNC MACHINE
A CNC machine consist of following 6 major elements:-
1. Input Device
2. Machine control unit
3. Machine tools
4. Driving system
5. Feedback devices
6. Display unit.
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11. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CNC
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12. PROCESS OF CNC
• The computer is used to
draw the design. However,
the design is only a picture
and the CNC machine
cannot use this to
manufacture the product.
The computer software
must also convert the
drawing into numbers
(coordinates) .
A Computer
• A computer cannot be
directly connected to a
CNC machine. The
computer is connected
to an interface. This
converts the signals from
the computer to a form
that the CNC machine
understands.
An Interface
• The signals from
the interface
control the
motors on the
CNC machine.
CNC machine
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14. CAD/CAM
• CAM – Computer Aided Machining or Manufacturing –
Refers to the use of various software packages to create tool
paths and NC code to run a CNC controlled machine, based
on 3D computer model (CAD) data. When the two are used
together, this is generally referred to as CAD/CAM.
• Note: CAM does not actually run the CNC machine, but just
creates code for it to follow.
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15. PART PROGRAMMING
Prepare the process plan
Identify the machine tool
Select the drive axis
Choose the tool
Determining the machining parameter
Make job and tool set-up plan
Decide the tool path
Write the part program
Test the part program
Document the program 15

16. PROGRAMMING FUNCTION
Preparatory function G- code
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Miscellaneous function M- code
Speed function S- code
Feed rate F- code
Tool function T- code

17. BASIC G-CODES
Codes Functions
GOO Linear interpolation at rapid motion
GO1 Linear interpolation at feed rate
GO2 Circular interpolation(clockwise )
G03 Circular interpolation(anti-clockwise)
GO4 Dwell time
G70 Inch mode
G71 Millimeter mode
G75 Reference position(home position)
G94 mm per minute
G95 mm per revolution
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18. BASIC M-CODES
Codes Function
M00 Program stop
M01 Optional stop
M02 End of program
M03 Spindle clockwise
M04 Spindle anti clockwise
M05 Spindle OFF
M06 Tool change
M08 Coolant ON
M09 Coolant OFF
M10 Chuck open
M11 Chuck close
M16 Auto tool change
M30 End of tape/ tape rewind
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19. PROCESS OF PROGRAM
Start up program
Tool position
Profile program
End of program
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20. EXAMPLE
G71 G95
G75 X0Z0
M16 T1
M03 S1000
G00 X32Z2
G00 X29
G01 Z-10 F0.1
G01 X30
G00 Z2
G00 X28
G01 Z-10 F0.1
G01 X30
G00 Z2
G75 X0Z0
M05
M30 20
RPM = CUTTING SPEED(V.C) X 1000
∏ X D

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23. ADVANTAGES OF CNC
• Increase production throughput
• Improve the quality and accuracy of manufactured
parts
• Stabilize manufacturing costs
• Manufacture complex or otherwise impossible jobs -2D
and 3D contours
• Less skilled/trained people can operate CNC’s
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24. CHALLENGES
• Costly setup
• Skilled operators required
• Programming knowledge required
• Maintenance is difficult.
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25. REFERENCES
• www.google.com
• www.wikipedia.com
• CAD/CAM books
• Training report.
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26. Any Questions?
THANKS!
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