This presentation provides an overview of CNC machines. It discusses that CNC machines use computer programs to control slide movements and machine functions rather than a human operator. The evolution of numerical control is described beginning in 1947 with the development of using punched cards to operate digitron systems. Different types of CNC machines such as mills, lathes, and EDM machines are covered. The presentation also discusses CNC programming basics including codes, tool paths, and an example programming for a cylindrical part.
MILLING – Cutting parameters, machine time calculation
Milling operation – Plain milling, side & face milling, form milling, gang milling, end milling, face milling, T slot milling, slitting
GEAR CUTTING – Gear cutting on milling machine – dividing head and indexing method, gear hobbing, principle of operation, advantages & limitation, hobbing tech, gear shaping, gear finishing process
MILLING – Cutting parameters, machine time calculation
Milling operation – Plain milling, side & face milling, form milling, gang milling, end milling, face milling, T slot milling, slitting
GEAR CUTTING – Gear cutting on milling machine – dividing head and indexing method, gear hobbing, principle of operation, advantages & limitation, hobbing tech, gear shaping, gear finishing process
CNC Programming for Begainer.
1.Easy Mehtod.
2.Complete Theoritical Knowledge.
3.Motion and coordinate system for NC machine.
4.Axes convention of VMC & HMC.
5.How to make Part Programming.
6.Coordinates System.
7.Programming Format.
8.List of G Codes And M Codes.
9.How to Use of Above Codes In Programme.
10.Reference Point and Return of Machine.
CNC Programming for Begainer.
1.Easy Mehtod.
2.Complete Theoritical Knowledge.
3.Motion and coordinate system for NC machine.
4.Axes convention of VMC & HMC.
5.How to make Part Programming.
6.Coordinates System.
7.Programming Format.
8.List of G Codes And M Codes.
9.How to Use of Above Codes In Programme.
10.Reference Point and Return of Machine.
CNC machines are making parts around the world for almost every industry. They create things out of plastics, metals, aluminum, wood and many other hard materials. The word “CNC” stands for Computer Numerical Control, but today everyone calls it CNC. So, how do you define a CNC machine? All automated motion control machines have three primary components – a command function, a drive/motion system, and feedback system. CNC machining is the process of using a computer-driven machine tool to produce a part out of solid material in a different shape
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Numerical Control (NC) machine tools – CNC types, constructional details, special features, machining centre, and part programming fundamentals CNC – manual part programming – micromachining – wafer machining
CNC machining processes for all branches 1st students.
And also important for those who want to have a basic knowledge of different type of machining processes.
This topic is basically depend upon computer assisted machining.
This describes the mechanism of Computer Numerical Control along with its types, control system, motion system, Programming of CNC, G codes, Part programming, adaptive control machining etc.
Cnc tooling for cnc machine(130670119596)Kushal Shah
we have seen what the NC machine is and its various
parts, it is easier to understand what the CNC machine is. CNC is
the short form for Computer Numerical control. We have seen that
the NC machine works as per the program of instructions fed into
the controller unit of the machine. The CNC machine comprises of
the mini computer or the microcomputer that acts as the controller
unit of the machine. While in the NC machine the program is fed
into the punch cards, in CNC machines the program of instructions
is fed directly into the computer via a small board similar to the
traditional keyboard.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
3. CNC Machines
• What is a CNC Machine?
• CNC : Computer Numerical Control
• Conventionally, an operator decides and adjusts
various machines parameters like feed , depth of
cut etc depending on type of job , and controls
the slide movements by hand. In a CNC Machine
functions and slide movements are controlled by
motors using computer programs.
4. The Evolution of NC
It was in 1947 when numerical control was born. It began when John
C. Parsons of the Parsons Corporation, Traverse City, Michigan, a manufacturer
of helicopter rotor blades, could not make his templates fast enough. So, he
invented a way of coupling computer equipment with a jig borer. Mr. Parsons
used punched cards to operate his digit Ron system.
1949 was the year of another “Urgent need”. The U.S. Air Material
command realized that parts for its planes and missiles were becoming more
complex. Also, as the designs were constantly being improved, changes in the
drawing were frequently made. Thus, in their search for methods of faster
production, an Air Force study contract was awarded to the Parsons
Corporation. The servo mechanisms laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology (MIT) was the subcontractor.
In 1951, MIT took over the complete job, and in 1952, the prototype of
today’s NC machine, a modified Cincinnati Hydrotel Milling Machine, was
successfully demonstrated. The term numerical control was originated at MIT.
5. TYPES OF CNC MACHINE
There are many different types of CNC Machines used in
industry, Such as:
•Mills and Machining Centers
•Lathes and Turning Centers
•Drilling Machines
•EDM Sinker and wire cut Machines
•Flame and Laser-Cutting Machines
•Water Jet Profilers
6. TYPES OF CNC MACHINE
CONTROL UNITS
FANUC CONTROLL
SIEMENS
GSK
MECH 3 etc
7. Different ways of data input are :
•MDI : Manual Data Input
•PROGRAM PREPARATION WITH CAD CAM
• PROGRAM DATA TRANSFER FROM PC TO CNC
M/C
•PROGRAM DATA TRANSFER FROM PC TO DNC
OPERATIONS
PROGRAM INPUT
9. •For a CNC machine control unit (MCU) decides
cutting
•speed, feed, depth of cut, tool selection , coolant
on off and tool paths.
• The MCU issues commands in form of
• numeric data to motors that position slides and
tool accordingly.
10. Overview
•A numerical control, or “NC”, system controls many machine
functions and movements which were traditionally performed by
skilled machinists.
•Numerical control developed out of the need to meet the
requirements of high production rates, uniformity and
consistent part quality.
•Programmed instructions are converted into output signals
which in turn control machine operations such as spindle
speeds, tool selection, tool movement, and cutting fluid flow.
11. • By integrating a computer processor, computer numerical control, or
“CNC” as it is now known, allows part machining programs to be edited
and stored in the computer memory as well as permitting diagnostics and
quality control functions during the actual machining.
• All CNC machining begins with a part program, which is a sequential
instructions or coded commands that direct the specific machine
functions.
• The part program may be manually generated or, more commonly,
generated by computer aided part programming systems.
Overview
12. Basic CNC Principles
All computer controlled machines are able to accurately and
repeatedly control motion in various directions. Each of these
directions of motion is called an axis. Depending on the machine type
there are commonly two to five axes.
Additionally, a CNC axis may be either a linear axis in which movement
is in a straight line, or a rotary axis with motion following a circular
path.
13. •The most basic function of any CNC machine is automatic,
precise, and consistent motion control.
•Rather than applying completely mechanical devices to cause
motion as is required on most conventional machine tools, CNC
machines allow motion control in a revolutionary manner.
•All forms of CNC equipment have two or more directions of
motion, called axes. These axes can be precisely and
automatically positioned along their lengths of travel.
•The two most common axis types are linear (driven along a
straight path) and rotary (driven along a circular path).
Motion control - the heart of CNC
14. Basic CNC Principles Coordinates System:
Absolute Coordinate System Incremental Coordinate System
15. Work Positioning:
•The method of accurate work positioning in relation to the cutting tool is
called the “rectangular coordinate system.” On the vertical mill, the horizontal
base line is designated the “X” axis, while the vertical base line is designated the
“Y” axis. The “Z” axis is at a right angle, perpendicular to both the “X” and “Y”
axes.
•Increments for all base lines are specified in linear measurements, for most
machines the smallest increment is one ten-thousandth of an inch (.0001). If
the machine is graduated in metric the smallest increment is usually one
thousandth of a millimeter (.001mm).
•The rectangular coordinate system allows the mathematical plotting of points
in space. These points or locations are called “coordinates.” The coordinates in
turn relate to the tool center and dictate the “tool path” through the work.
17. CNC Lathe
Automated version of a manual lathe.
Programmed to change tools automatically.
Used for turning and boring wood, metal and plastic.
How CNC Lathe Works:
Controlled by G and M codes.
These are number values and co-ordinates.
Each number or code is assigned to a particular operation.
Typed in manually to CAD/CAM by machine operators.
G&M codes are automatically generated by the computer
software.
19. Advantages:
•High Repeatability and Precision e.g. Aircraft parts
•Volume of production is very high
•Complex contours/surfaces need to be machined. etc
•Flexibility in job change, automatic tool settings, less scrap
•More safe, higher productivity, better quality
•Less paper work, faster prototype production, reduction in lead times
Disadvantages:
•Costly setup, skilled operators
•Computers, programming knowledge required
•Maintenance is difficult
CNC Machines- Advantages/Disadvantages
20. How CNC Works
Controlled by G and M codes.
These are number values and co-ordinates.
Each number or code is assigned to a particular
operation.
Typed in manually to CAD by machine operators.
G&M codes are automatically generated by the
computer software.
21. Features of CNC Lathe
The tool or material moves.
Tools can operate in 1-5 axes.
Larger machines have a machine control unit (MCU)
which manages operations.
Movement is controlled by a motors .
Feedback is provided by sensors.
Tool magazines are used to change tools automatically.
22. Tools
Most are made from
high speed steel (HSS),
tungsten carbide or ceramics.
Tools are designed to direct waste away from the
material.
Some tools need coolant such as oil to protect the tool
and work.
23. Tool Paths, Cutting and Plotting Motions
Tool paths describes the route the cutting tool takes.
Motion can be described as point to point, straight cutting
or contouring.
Speeds are the rate at which the tool operates e.g. rpm.
Feeds are the rate at which the cutting tool and work piece
move in relation to each other.
Feeds and speeds are determined by cutting depth,
material and quality of finish needed. e.g. harder materials
need slower feeds and speeds.
Rouging cuts remove larger amounts of material than
finishing cuts.
Rapid traversing allows the tool or work piece to move
rapidly when no machining is taking place.
24. CNC Programming Basics
CNC instructions are called part program commands.
When running, a part program is interpreted one
command line at a time until all lines are completed.
Commands, which are also referred to as blocks, are made
up of words which each begin with a letter address and end
with a numerical value.
25. CNC programming
Important things to know:
• Coordinate System
• Units, incremental or absolute positioning
• Coordinates: X,Y,Z,
• Feed rate and spindle speed
• Coolant Control: On/Off, Flood, Mist
• Tool Control: Tool and tool parameters
26. Programming consists of a series of instructions in form of letter codes
Preparatory Codes:
G codes- Initial machining setup and establishing operating conditions
N codes- specify program line number to executed by the MCU
Axis Codes: X,Y,Z - Used to specify motion of the slide along X, Y, Z
direction
Feed and Speed Codes: F and S- Specify feed and spindle speed
Tool codes: T – specify tool number
Miscellaneous codes – M codes For coolant control and other activities
CNC programming
27. Programming Key Letters
O - Program number (Used for program identification)
N - Sequence number (Used for line identification)
G - Preparatory function
X - X axis designation
Y - Y axis designation
Z - Z axis designation
R - Radius designation
F – Feed rate designation
S - Spindle speed designation
H - Tool length offset designation
D - Tool radius offset designation
T - Tool Designation
M - Miscellaneous function
28. Explanation of commonly used G codes
• G00 – Preparatory code to control final position of the
tool and not concerned with the path that is followed in
arriving at the final destination.
• G01 – Tool is required to move in a straight line
connecting current position and final position. Used for
tool movement without any machining- point to point
control. (linear interpolation)
• G02 – Tool path followed is along an arc specified by I, J
and K codes.( circular interpolation)
29. Table of Important G codes
G00 Rapid Transverse
G01 Linear Interpolation
G02 Circular Interpolation, CW
G03 Circular Interpolation, CCW
G17 XY Plane,G18 XZ Plane,G19 YZ Plane
G20/G70 Inch units
G21/G71 Metric Units
G40 Cutter compensation cancel
G41 Cutter compensation left
G42 Cutter compensation right
G43 Tool length compensation (plus)
G43 Tool length compensation (plus)
G44 Tool length compensation (minus)
G49 Tool length compensation cancel
G80 Cancel canned cycles
G81 Drilling cycle
G82 Counter boring cycle
G83 Deep hole drilling cycle
G90 Absolute positioning
G91 Incremental positioning
30. Table of Important M codes
M00 Program stop
M01 Optional program stop
M02 Program end
M03 Spindle on clockwise
M04 Spindle on counterclockwise
M05 Spindle stop
M06 Tool change
M08 Coolant on
M09 Coolant off
M10 Clamps on
M11 Clamps off
M30 Program stop, reset to start
31. Optimum machine programming requires consideration of certain machine
operating parameters including:
• Positioning control
• Compensations
• Special machine features
Positioning control is the ability to program tool and machine slide movement
simultaneously along two or more axes. Positioning may be for point-to-point
movement or for contouring movement along a continuous path. Contouring
requires tool movement along multiple axes simultaneously. This movement is
referred to as “Interpolation” which is the process of calculating intermediate
values between specific points along a programmed path and outputting those
values as a precise motion. Interpolation may be linear having just a start and
end point along a straight line, or circular which requires an end point, a center
and a direction around the arc.
Program Command Parameters
32. Two computer-based systems which impact the use of CNC technology are
CAD(computer aided design )and CAM (computer aided manufacturing).
A computer aided design, or CAD, system uses computers to graphically
create product designs and models. These designs can be reviewed,
revised, and refined for optimum end use and application. Once finalized,
the CAD design is then exported to a computer aided manufacturing, or
CAM, system.
CAM systems assist in all phases of manufacturing a product, including
process planning, production planning, machining, scheduling,
management and quality control.
CAD/CAM