Cloning involves creating an exact genetic copy of an organism, with all of its DNA being identical. Genetic modification involves altering the genes of an organism using biotechnology, usually targeting one or a few specific genes to change a trait. While cloning aims to replicate an organism entirely, genetic modification allows targeted changes to traits through gene addition or replacement. The document discusses how scientists in Jurassic Park cloned dinosaurs using ancient DNA preserved in amber, but had to use frog DNA to fill in missing segments, showing how cloning and genetic modification techniques can be combined.

1. CLONING OR GENETIC
MODIFICATION
What’s the difference?

2. In the novel Jurassic Park
by Michael Crichton:
• Scientists used ancient
dinosaur DNA trapped in
amber to clone extinct
species.
• The cloned dinosaurs
eventually became
uncontrollable and the
scientists abandoned their
project, sacrificing many
lives along with their
investment.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/ffg/3113602118/ Dave Walker/CC.BY.2.0

3. Recap!
• How did the solve the
problem of missing
segments of DNA?
• They filled it in with frog
DNA
• How is it possible to
put frog DNA into
Dinosaur DNA?
• The genetic code is
universal http://images.cdn.fotopedia.com/flickr-457428714-original.jpg Scott Kinmartin
CC.BY.2.0

4. What is Cloning?
Clones are organisms that are
exact genetic copies. Every
single bit of their DNA is
identical.
Clones can happen
naturally—identical twins are
just one of many examples. Or
they can be made in the lab.
Have you ever cut a sample
from a plant?
Click here to read more
information on cloning and
watch some animations.
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/co
ntent/cloning/whatiscloning/

5. How??
How do they get the DNA to clone an
organism?
Do you think the age of the cell matters?
If your pet turtle dies tomorrow, and you
clone it, will it look and act exactly like your
pet turtle that died?

6. Many organisms have been cloned in the
past 50 years with varying success
• Mice, cattle, sheep,
cat, deer, dog, horse,
mule, ox, rabbit and
rat, and a rhesus
monkey have all been
cloned.
• Some lived longer than
others.
• Dolly the sheep
(cloned in 1996) only
lived about 6 years.
Courtesy: National Human Genome Research Institute
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolly_%28sheep%29
Steven Walling/CC. BY-SA 2.0

7. Genetic Modification
• Defined as changing the genes of an organism using
biotechnology.
• Usually involves one gene, or a few genes, that contain
instructions for a specific trait.
• This has an effect on the resulting trait in the organism.
• Can be used to replace or repair existing genes, or
introduce brand new genes for new traits.
• Click here for some more information
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/genetherapy/gtintro/

8. Genetically Modified Organisms
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GloFish.jpg
CC.BY.2.0
Glofish and Green Luminescent Mice
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VegCorn.jpg
CC.BY.2.0
Sweet Corn
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_food#mediaviewer/File:Papaya_sunset.jpg
Hawaiian Papaya
• Some modified traits are
easily visible like
these glowing animals.
• And some modified traits are not
easy to see, such as the disease
resistance introduced to these fruits
and vegetables

9. Cloning vs. Genetic Modification
• Cloning humans is
currently not allowed
by law in any country
on Earth.
• Genetic modification is
currently used to
replace or repair
mutated genes or to
add new traits to an
organism.

10. Think about the following…
Turn to your shoulder
partner and talk about these
points.
Press Pause, Think,
& Share
1) Compare cloning
and genetic
modification.
2) Contrast
between cloning
and genetic
modification.

11. Time to Write
• Make three columns in your OneNote like below
• Fill in with the information that was discussed.
Cloning Both
Genetic
Modification