Clinical signs of arrythmia
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Arrhythmias may cause noticeable symptoms like chest fluttering, rapid or slow heart rate, chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, and fainting. Tachycardia is defined as a heart rate over 100 bpm for adults. Bradycardia is a slow heart rate under 60 bpm. Chest pain from arrhythmias can feel sharp, dull, burning or squeezing and may be caused by issues other than the heart. Abnormal heartbeats can cause shortness of breath by interfering with efficient blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues. ECGs are used to diagnose arrhythmias based on wave patterns and intervals.
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Bradycardias
This document discusses various types of bradycardias including:
1. Sick sinus syndrome - which includes inappropriate sinus bradycardia, sinus pause/arrest, sinoatrial exit block, and tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome.
2. Atrioventricular blocks - including first, second (Mobitz types I and II), and third degree blocks.
3. It describes the characteristic ECG patterns, causes, clinical features and management of these bradycardic rhythms. Pacing indications are also reviewed.
Bundlebranchblocks
1) Right bundle branch block (RBBB) is characterized by a QRS duration ≥ 120ms and signs of delayed right ventricular activation. It is commonly benign but worsens prognosis when seen in acute myocardial infarction, especially of the proximal left anterior descending artery.
2) Left bundle branch block (LBBB) has a QRS duration ≥ 120ms and signs of delayed left ventricular activation. New onset LBBB indicates the need for thrombolysis in myocardial infarction and worsens prognosis when seen in acute myocardial infarction.
3) Hemiblocks involve delayed activation of only one side of the ventricles. Left anterior hemiblock may mask inferior wall myocardial infarction. Left posterior hemiblock in anterior myocardial infarction
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This document discusses normal cardiac conduction and arrhythmias. It describes:
1. The cardiac conduction system including the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers which coordinate heart rhythm.
2. Mechanisms of arrhythmias including abnormal impulse generation (automatic arrhythmias) and abnormal impulse conduction (reentrant arrhythmias).
3. Classes of antiarrhythmic drugs (class I-IV) and their mechanisms and effects on cardiac conduction and arrhythmias. The four classes work by blocking sodium, potassium, calcium, or beta-adrenergic channels.
Management of ventricular tachyarrythmias
This document provides an overview of the management of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. It begins with definitions of ventricular tachycardia and classifications based on ECG findings. It then discusses the initial presentation and diagnosis of unstable versus stable VT. Treatment approaches are outlined for acute management of various VT types as well as long-term management for secondary prevention. Specific considerations and guidelines for treatment of VT in the settings of ischemic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, and other inherited arrhythmias are also summarized.
Sick sinus syndrome
This document defines and describes sick sinus syndrome, which is a dysfunction of the sinoatrial node that can cause abnormal heart rhythms like bradycardia, tachycardia, and alternating slow and fast rhythms. It may be caused by certain drugs, aging, or underlying heart conditions. Symptoms can include fatigue, dizziness, and fainting. Diagnosis involves an electrocardiogram showing arrhythmias. Treatment options include medications or a pacemaker if symptoms are severe. The document also briefly discusses different types of heart block.
Arrhythmias
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This document provides an overview of various types of arrhythmias including their typical presentation, underlying causes, characteristic ECG patterns, and treatment approaches. Key types are discussed such as sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, various degrees of heart block, premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and asystole. For each, the rate, P wave, QRS complex, conduction, and rhythm are defined and potential causes and management strategies are outlined. The document serves as a guide for clinicians in identifying and treating different cardiac arrhythmias.
Sick sinus syndrome
Sinus node dysfunction refers to problems with the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node. This can cause abnormal heart rhythms. Types include sinus pause or arrest where there are missing P waves, and sinus arrhythmia where P wave intervals vary. Causes include aging, heart disease, medications, and autonomic dysfunction. Symptoms range from fatigue to fainting. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, heart monitoring, and testing sinus node function. Treatment is usually a pacemaker for chronic, symptomatic cases to control heart rate and relieve symptoms.
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2. Atrioventricular blocks - including first, second (Mobitz types I and II), and third degree blocks.
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Bundlebranchblocks
1) Right bundle branch block (RBBB) is characterized by a QRS duration ≥ 120ms and signs of delayed right ventricular activation. It is commonly benign but worsens prognosis when seen in acute myocardial infarction, especially of the proximal left anterior descending artery.
2) Left bundle branch block (LBBB) has a QRS duration ≥ 120ms and signs of delayed left ventricular activation. New onset LBBB indicates the need for thrombolysis in myocardial infarction and worsens prognosis when seen in acute myocardial infarction.
3) Hemiblocks involve delayed activation of only one side of the ventricles. Left anterior hemiblock may mask inferior wall myocardial infarction. Left posterior hemiblock in anterior myocardial infarction
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3. Classes of antiarrhythmic drugs (class I-IV) and their mechanisms and effects on cardiac conduction and arrhythmias. The four classes work by blocking sodium, potassium, calcium, or beta-adrenergic channels.
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Sick sinus syndrome
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Arrhythmias
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Arrhythmia diagnosis and management
This document provides an overview of various types of arrhythmias including their typical presentation, underlying causes, characteristic ECG patterns, and treatment approaches. Key types are discussed such as sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, various degrees of heart block, premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and asystole. For each, the rate, P wave, QRS complex, conduction, and rhythm are defined and potential causes and management strategies are outlined. The document serves as a guide for clinicians in identifying and treating different cardiac arrhythmias.
Sick sinus syndrome
Sinus node dysfunction refers to problems with the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node. This can cause abnormal heart rhythms. Types include sinus pause or arrest where there are missing P waves, and sinus arrhythmia where P wave intervals vary. Causes include aging, heart disease, medications, and autonomic dysfunction. Symptoms range from fatigue to fainting. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, heart monitoring, and testing sinus node function. Treatment is usually a pacemaker for chronic, symptomatic cases to control heart rate and relieve symptoms.
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Sick sinus syndrome describes dysfunction of the heart's sinoatrial node, which can cause abnormal heart rhythms like bradycardia, tachycardia, and alternating slow and fast rhythms. It is usually caused by non-specific degeneration of the conduction system in older adults. Various types of heart block exist that interfere with conduction in the heart, from first degree involving prolonged PR intervals to third degree or complete heart block where no impulses reach the ventricles. Bundle branch blocks occur when the left or right bundle branch is blocked, delaying conduction and causing characteristic ECG patterns.
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3. The history of pioneers in cardiology and development of techniques like echocardi
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The document discusses arrhythmias and their management. It begins by describing the normal electrical conduction system of the heart. It then defines arrhythmias as disorders of heart rhythm or rate caused by issues with electrical impulse formation or conduction. Various types of arrhythmias are classified based on the site of abnormal impulse formation or conduction, including sinus node arrhythmias, atrial arrhythmias, junctional arrhythmias, and ventricular arrhythmias. Treatment depends on restoring normal rhythm and addressing any underlying causes.
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Sinus bradycardia is defined as a heart rate below 60 beats per minute originating from the sinoatrial node. It often occurs normally during sleep due to decreased metabolic demands or in trained athletes with well-conditioned hearts. While most adults can tolerate rates as low as 45 beats per minute, symptomatic bradycardia requiring treatment can include hypotension, dizziness, and syncope. The electrocardiogram of sinus bradycardia shows a normal rhythm with regular P waves, PR intervals, QRS complexes, and T waves within normal limits.
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Disease of the heart muscle
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Heart Disease
Usually heart failure is confused with heart attack, but they are quite different. Heart disease is not a disease by itself but a consequence of various signs and symptoms caused by a wide variety of disorders
Symptoms:
-Breathlessness
-Tightness in chest
-Choking
-Coughing or sweating with breathlessness, which usually starts 2-4 hrs after onset of sleep
-Fatigue
-Abdominal fullness, swelling of legs, nausea and loss of appetite.
The presentation of heart failure may be sudden (acute) or over a period of time (chronic). Heart failure can occur with normal pumping capacity of heart when there is a failure to relax normally (diastolic heart failure where ejection fraction or pumping capacity is near normal). It can also occur due to poor pumping capacity of the heart (systolic heart failure).
It becomes an emergency when the patient presents with acute heart failure and when it occurs in the background (family history) of angina or heart attacks, or with severe high blood pressure.
A lot of times, the situation become worse due to ignorance against one’s health and long occurring symptoms. Taking measures at an early stage is always much easier and affordable than pushing the circumstances to the extreme. The Heart2Heart programme by Apollo Clinic’s Let’s Talk Health offers a five minute assessment which will help forecast your heart health for next 10 years. We intend to bring this initiative to your homes, your neighbourhood, your workplace, schools, and recreational centres to organize various interactive forums in which our doctors will talk about wellness practices, teach you about dealing with emergencies, guide you to manage diseases and lot more…
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The document discusses arrhythmias and their management. It begins by describing the normal electrical conduction system of the heart. It then defines arrhythmias as disorders of heart rhythm or rate caused by issues with electrical impulse formation or conduction. Various types of arrhythmias are classified based on the site of abnormal impulse formation or conduction, including sinus node arrhythmias, atrial arrhythmias, junctional arrhythmias, and ventricular arrhythmias. Treatment depends on restoring normal rhythm and addressing any underlying causes.
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Congestive heart failure is a condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It affects over 20 million people worldwide and prevalence increases significantly with age. There are two main types - heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Common causes include heart attack, hypertension, and cardiomyopathies. Treatment aims to relieve symptoms, slow progression, and prevent hospitalizations through lifestyle changes, medications to reduce preload and afterload, and device-based therapies in severe cases.
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The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide to the lungs. In humans, the heart is approximately the size of a closed fist and is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the chest.
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Blood vessel disease, such as coronary artery disease
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Usually heart failure is confused with heart attack, but they are quite different. Heart disease is not a disease by itself but a consequence of various signs and symptoms caused by a wide variety of disorders
Symptoms:
-Breathlessness
-Tightness in chest
-Choking
-Coughing or sweating with breathlessness, which usually starts 2-4 hrs after onset of sleep
-Fatigue
-Abdominal fullness, swelling of legs, nausea and loss of appetite.
The presentation of heart failure may be sudden (acute) or over a period of time (chronic). Heart failure can occur with normal pumping capacity of heart when there is a failure to relax normally (diastolic heart failure where ejection fraction or pumping capacity is near normal). It can also occur due to poor pumping capacity of the heart (systolic heart failure).
It becomes an emergency when the patient presents with acute heart failure and when it occurs in the background (family history) of angina or heart attacks, or with severe high blood pressure.
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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, responsible for over 1 million deaths in 2004. Sudden cardiac death accounts for over 40% of cardiovascular deaths. The patient is a 67-year-old male experiencing crushing chest pressure radiating to his jaw, accompanied by shortness of breath and nausea, with no previous cardiac history. Based on the patient's symptoms and risk factors, the emergency responder suspects the patient may be experiencing an acute myocardial infarction.
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This document provides information on cardiovascular history taking and physical examination. It discusses important symptoms of heart disease like dyspnea, palpitations, edema, and chest pain. It also outlines the steps for examining arterial pulses, blood pressure, jugular venous pressure, auscultation of heart sounds, and palpation of the precordium. The physical exam aims to evaluate symptoms, risk factors, and detect any abnormalities that could indicate cardiac issues.
Atrial fibrillation AND homeo treatment
Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heart rhythm where the atria beat chaotically instead of coordinating with the ventricles. It can increase stroke risk and cause symptoms like palpitations, weakness, and fatigue. There are different types defined by episode duration. Risk factors include age, family history, obesity, and heart/lung conditions. Diagnosis involves history, exam, ECG, echocardiogram and tests. Homeopathic remedies mentioned for treatment include Digitalis, Calcarea carb, Bryonia, Cactus, Crategus, Naja, and Natrum mur, which help regulate the heartbeat and address underlying causes.
HEART PROBLEMS AND ITS TYPES BY SUMIT KUMAR
THE PPT IS ABOUT HEART DISEASE AND PROBLEMS....
AND TYPES OF HEART DISEASES..
ALSO, PREVENTIONS OF HEART DISEASE..
THERE IS LOT IMAGES..
Aortic stenosis
An 85-year-old female presented with edema, tiredness, and dyspnea at rest. She reported angina and nearly fainting. On examination, she had a weak pulse of 66 beats/min, elevated blood pressure of 145/85 mmHg, a thrill over the carotid artery, and a loud systolic murmur. These findings can be explained by severe aortic stenosis causing a reduced cardiac output, which results in low blood oxygen and pressure, explaining her symptoms. The murmur and thrill are due to restricted blood flow through the narrowed aortic valve during systole.
Cardiology 3rd Year
This document provides an overview of cardiology and cardiovascular disease. It discusses the leading causes of death worldwide, including coronary heart disease and diseases of the heart muscles and valves. It then covers topics like case history taking in cardiology, common symptoms like chest pain and shortness of breath, methods for examining the cardiovascular system, and risk factors for conditions like coronary heart disease.
Aproach to syncope
Syncope, or fainting, is caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain. It is usually brief and self-limited. Evaluation of syncope involves obtaining a detailed history, physical exam, ECG, and testing based on risk factors. Causes are categorized as benign if due to things like vasovagal response, or dangerous if due to cardiac arrhythmias. High-risk patients warrant further cardiac workup and monitoring, while low-risk patients can often be evaluated as outpatients.
Cardiovascular disease
Hypertension, congestive heart failure, and ischemic disease are cardiovascular conditions discussed in the document. Hypertension is high blood pressure and can be primary or secondary. Congestive heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood due to issues like hypertension, heart damage, or blockages. Ischemic disease includes angina, heart attack, atherosclerosis, and arteriosclerosis which are caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.
Arrythmia
Heart rhythm problems (heart arrhythmias) occur when the electrical impulses that coordinate your heartbeats don't work properly, causing your heart to beat too fast, too slow or irregularly.
Heart arrhythmias (uh-RITH-me-uhs) may feel like a fluttering or racing heart and may be harmless. However, some heart arrhythmias may cause bothersome — sometimes even life-threatening — signs and symptoms.
Heart arrhythmia treatment can often control or eliminate fast, slow or irregular heartbeats. In addition, because troublesome heart arrhythmias are often made worse — or are even caused — by a weak or damaged heart, you may be able to reduce your arrhythmia risk by adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle.Arrhythmias may cause you to feel premature heartbeats, or you may feel that your heart is racing or beating too slowly. Other signs and symptoms may be related to your heart not pumping effectively due to the fast or slow heartbeat. These include shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting or near fainting, and chest pain or discomfort. Seek urgent medical care if you suddenly or frequently experience any of these signs and symptoms at a time when you wouldn't expect to feel them.Ventricular fibrillation is one type of arrhythmia that can be deadly. It occurs when the heart beats with rapid, erratic electrical impulses. This causes the lower chambers in your heart (ventricles) to quiver uselessly instead of pumping blood. Without an effective heartbeat, blood pressure plummets, cutting off blood supply to your vital organs.f slow heartbeats (bradycardias) don't have a cause that can be corrected, doctors often treat them with a pacemaker because there aren't any medications that can reliably speed up the heart.
A pacemaker is a small device that's usually implanted near your collarbone. One or more electrode-tipped wires run from the pacemaker through your blood vessels to your inner heart. If your heart rate is too slow or if it stops, the pacemaker sends out electrical impulses that stimulate your heart to beat at a steady rate.
Cardiac arrhythmia
In this ppt, you will learn about cardiac arrhythmia their types, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatments and prevention. I hope these slides will help you get good marks in your studies, thank you!
Atrial fibrillation & Atrial flutter
Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter are types of arrhythmia where the heart beats irregularly. Atrial fibrillation occurs when rapid, irregular electrical signals cause the heart's upper chambers (atria) to beat very fast and irregularly. Atrial flutter is similar but the heart beats fast in a regular pattern. These conditions are diagnosed through electrocardiograms which detect abnormal heart rhythms. Holter monitors and event recorders can also detect arrhythmias over longer periods of time when symptoms occur. Complications include stroke and heart failure, so treatment focuses on rate or rhythm control and preventing clots.
Congestive heart failure
This document provides information on congestive heart failure (CHF), also known as congestive cardiac failure (CCF). It discusses the definition, types, causes, symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and surgical management of CHF. The main types are left-sided, right-sided, and biventricular failure. Causes include high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, heart attack, and diabetes. Symptoms depend on the type but commonly include shortness of breath, swelling, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like echocardiograms, and stress tests. Treatment focuses on medications, lifestyle changes, and may include surgery like coronary artery bypass grafting.
Heart Failure
Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can develop over time as the heart's pumping action weakens due to conditions like coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes damaging the heart. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause, reducing symptoms, and preventing worsening through lifestyle changes, medications, medical procedures if needed, and ongoing monitoring.
CVD.pptx
The document discusses cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. It defines cardiovascular disease as conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels, and lists some major types of CVD like coronary artery disease, heart attacks, heart failure, and strokes. It then discusses general risk factors for CVD like high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, and family history. The document also outlines some common symptoms of CVD like chest pain and shortness of breath. Finally, it defines hypertension as high blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg and notes it can lead to organ damage and illnesses if not controlled.
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Snake bites are a major public health problem in tropical areas. They most commonly affect agricultural workers in rural parts of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The two main families of venomous snakes are vipers and elapids. Viper venom causes hemorrhagic effects and elapid venom causes neurotoxic effects. Snake bites result in millions of deaths and amputations worldwide each year. Clinical features of snake bites include pain, swelling, blistering at the wound site, and symptoms varying by snake species such as ptosis and coagulopathy. Treatment involves wound cleaning, immobilization, antivenom administration for systemic effects, and supportive care. Antivenom is an immunoglobulin purified from animals and works by neutral
Acetaminophen overdose
Acetaminophen overdose is the most common cause of drug-induced liver failure. Symptoms of an overdose may not appear for 24 hours after ingestion of 12 grams or more. Acetaminophen is metabolized in the liver and an overdose can cause liver toxicity. Treatment depends on the time since ingestion and amount taken, and may involve administering activated charcoal or acetylcysteine to prevent liver damage. The threshold for potential liver toxicity is lower for those with liver disease or who consume alcohol regularly.
Venticular conduction disorders by dr vinay verma
This document discusses various types of ventricular conduction disorders and rhythms produced by conduction block. It describes ventricular extrasystoles which are caused by reentrant signaling or enhanced automaticity in some ectopic focus, leading to an enlarged QRS complex. Ventricular tachycardia is usually caused by reentry and seen after myocardial infarction. Atrioventricular block is a delay or failure in transmission of the cardiac impulse from atrium to ventricle and can be first, second or third degree. Premature contractions refer to non-sinus beats and include atrial and ventricular premature contractions which have various etiologies and presentations. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a condition in which the heart beats too fast
diagnosis of conduction disorders
This document discusses various types of conduction disturbances including sinoatrial exit block, atrioventricular block, and bundle branch block. It describes the characteristics of first, second, and third degree blocks at the sinoatrial node and AV node as well as criteria for left and right bundle branch block on electrocardiograms. Complete heart block is defined as failure of supraventricular impulses to reach the ventricles resulting in independent atrial and ventricular rhythms.
classification of pnemonia
Pneumonia can be classified in several ways, including by anatomical location (lobar, bronchopneumonia, interstitial), etiology (bacterial, viral, fungal, mycobacterial, parasitic, non-infectious), and age of the patient. Common causative pathogens vary by age group. Hospitalization is often required for young children, immunocompromised patients, or those with severe symptoms. Recurrent pneumonia can be caused by hereditary disorders impacting immunity or airway function. Bacterial pneumonia results in different pathology depending on the invading organism. Viral pneumonia predisposes to secondary bacterial infection by disrupting host defenses.
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This document discusses the diagnosis of pneumonia through clinical examination and testing. It describes signs and symptoms obtained from patients such as increased respiratory rate and cough. It also outlines diagnostic methods like chest x-rays, sputum examination, and blood tests. Specific test findings are provided for mild, moderate, and severe pneumonia cases based on arterial blood gas results and lung function. Radiologic findings of increased lung density and air bronchograms on chest x-rays are also summarized.
myocardial infaction etiology and pathogenisis by Dr Harikrishna S
Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood supply to the heart is reduced or stopped, causing damage to heart muscle. It is usually caused by a blood clot forming in one of the coronary arteries due to a buildup of fatty plaques called atheroma within the artery walls over many years. Risk factors that can increase the chances of a heart attack include high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, smoking, high cholesterol, excessive alcohol, and stress. Signs and symptoms of a heart attack include chest pain or discomfort that may spread to the shoulders, neck, arms, back, or jaw.
Bronchial ashtma Drugs by Dr Harikrishna
This document discusses drugs used to treat bronchial asthma. It classifies the main types of drugs as bronchodilators including beta-sympathomimetics, methyl xanthines, anticholinergics; leukotriene antagonists; mast cell stabilizers; and corticosteroids. It provides examples of commonly used drugs within each class and describes their mechanisms of action and uses. Guidelines for treating acute severe asthma involving nebulized bronchodilators, corticosteroids, oxygen supplementation and monitoring are also summarized.
Arrhythmia as secondary disease
Coronary artery disease occurs when arteries become hardened and narrowed due to plaque buildup. Over time this can weaken the heart muscle and lead to heart failure or arrhythmias by disrupting blood flow. Electrolyte imbalances can also cause arrhythmias by making heart cells abnormally electrically charged and disrupting the normal rhythm. Both heart muscle diseases and myocarditis weaken the heart by affecting heart muscle structure and function. Post-cardiac surgery, irregular heart rhythms can occur due to trauma, inflammation, hemodynamic stress, ischemic injury or perioperative drugs.
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The document discusses the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), which is the standard tool for classifying diseases and health conditions. It enables the collection and analysis of mortality and morbidity data worldwide. The ICD groups diseases into blocks based on affected body system or type of condition. It has been improved over time based on scientific approaches to disease classification. Countries now use the ICD for tasks like reimbursement decisions, resource allocation, and compiling health statistics.
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3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
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4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Clinical signs of arrythmia
- 2. Arrhythmias may not cause any signs or symptoms. In fact, your doctor might find you have an arrhythmia before you do, during a routine examination. Noticeable signs and symptoms don't necessarily mean you have a serious problem, however.
- 3. Noticeable arrhythmia symptoms may include: A fluttering in your chest A racing heartbeat (tachycardia) A slow heartbeat (bradycardia) Chest pain Shortness of breath Lightheadedness or dizziness Sweating Fainting (syncope) or near fainting
- 4. Palpitations (rapid heartbeat or a pounding sensation in the chest) A "fluttering" or tremor-like feeling in the chest. Shortness of breath. Anxiety.
- 5. Tachycardia = Too fast A heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute (BPM) in adults is called tachycardia. What's too fast for you may depend on your age and physical condition.
- 6. Slow Heartbeat Slow heartbeat (heart rate), called bradycardia, is an arrhythmia, or disorder of the heart’s rhythm. Each day, a normal heart beats about 100,000 times, at a rate anywhere from 60 to 100 times a minute. Changes in heart rate caused by activity, diet, medications, and age are normal and common.
- 7. CHEST PAIN Chest pain. The first thing you may think of is heart attack. Certainly chest pain is not something to ignore. But you should know that it has many possible causes.Chest pain may also be caused by problems in your lungs, esophagus, muscles, ribs, or nerves, for example. Some of these conditions are serious and life threatening
- 8. • . Depending on its cause, chest pain may be: • Sharp • Dull • Burning • Aching • Stabbing • A tight, squeezing, or crushing sensation
- 9. Blood and Oxygen(Shortness of Breath) • As the red blood cell moves through the body, it delivers this bound oxygen to all of the body tissues. • Normal heartbeats ensure that blood moves through the body smoothly so that the blood can efficiently deliver oxygen to the tissues. • When the heartbeat is abnormal, blood moves through the body erratically, and oxygen cannot be delivered to the tissues correctly. This causes the tissues to become starved of oxygen and leads to shortness of breath.
- 12. ECG CHANGES IN ARRHYTHMIA
- 15. Sinus arrhythmia: •Normal sinus P waves (upright in leads I and II) with a constant morphology — albeit with an appearance suggestive of left atrial enlargement. •P-R interval is constant (no evidence of AV block). •The P-P interval varies widely from 1.04 seconds (heart rate ~57 bpm) down to 0.60 seconds (heart rate ~100 bpm); a variability of over 400ms
- 17. Ans:SINUS TACHYCARDIA Rhythm Regular Rate Fast (> 100 bpm) P Wave Normal, may merge with T wave at very fast rates PR Interval Normal (0.12-0.20 sec) QRS Normal (0.06-0.10 sec) Notes QT interval shortens with increasing heart rate
- 23. THANK YOU !!