The document discusses the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), which is the standard tool for classifying diseases and health conditions. It enables the collection and analysis of mortality and morbidity data worldwide. The ICD groups diseases into blocks based on affected body system or type of condition. It has been improved over time based on scientific approaches to disease classification. Countries now use the ICD for tasks like reimbursement decisions, resource allocation, and compiling health statistics.

1. INTERNATIONAL
CLASSIFICATION OF
DISEASES
Harikrishna.S
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2. Disease??:

3. Health is a state of complete physical, mental and
social wellbeing and not merely an absence of
disease or infirmity

4.  The International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
is the standard diagnostic tool for epidemiology,
health management and clinical purposes.

5.  This includes the analysis of the general health
situation of population groups. It is used to monitor
the incidence and prevalence of diseases and
other health problems.

6.  It is used to classify diseases and other health
problems recorded on many types of health
and vital records including death certificates
and health records.

7.  In addition to enabling the storage and retrieval
of diagnostic information for clinical,
epidemiological and quality purposes,
 these records also provide the basis for the
compilation of national mortality and morbidity
statistics by WHO Member States.

8.  It is used for reimbursement and resource
allocation decision-making by countries.

9. A system for classification of
diseases is needed whereby
diseases could be grouped
according to certain common
characteristics, that would facilitate
the statistical study of disease
phenomena.

10.  Many approaches were tried to classify
diseases.
 Jhon Graunt in 17th century in his study of Bills
of Mortality, arranged diseases in an
alphabetical order.

11.  More scientific approach was
adopted in classifying disease
according to certain characteristics.

12.  Classification was as follow:
 a-the part of the body affected
 b-the etiologic agent
 c-the kind of morbid change produced
by the disease
 The kind of disturbance of function
produced by the disease or injury.

13. International
Classification
ICD

14.  Certain infecous and parasitic diseases(A00-B99)
 Neoplasm(C00-D48)
 Diseases of the blood and blood forming organs
and certain disorders involving the immune
mechanism(D50-889)

15.  Endocrine,nutritional and metabolic diseases(E00-
E90)
 Mental and behavioral disorders
(F00-F99)
Diseaes of the nervous system(G00-G99)

16.  Diseases of the eyeand adnexa(H00-H59)
 Diseases of the ear and mastoid process(H60-
H95)
 Diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I99)
 Diseases of the respiratory system(J00-J99)

17. Diseases of digestive system(K00-K93)
Disease of the skin and subcutaneous
tissue(L00-L99)
Diseases of musculoskeletal system and
connective tissue(M00-M99)
Diseases of genitourinary system(N00-N99)

18.  Pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium(O00-O99)
 Certain conditionsoriginating in perinatal
period(P00-P96)
 Congenital malformations,deformations and
chromosomal abnormaslities(Q00-Q990

19. oSymptoms, signs and abnormal
clinical and laboratory findings, not else
where classified(R00-R99)
o Injury, poising and certain other
consequences of external
causes9S00-T98)

20. o External causes of morbidity and mortality(V01-
Y90).
o Factors influencing health status and contact with
health services(Z00-Z99).