1. A1-fetoprotein is a protein that may be included in testing for neural tube defects in prenatal screening. 2. Abnormal CSF protein bands in the gamma region on electrophoresis are referred to as oligoclonal bands and are indicative of multiple sclerosis. 3. An acute phase reactant is a nonspecific response to inflammation that includes elevation of certain plasma proteins and decrease of others due to cytokine production.

1. _____________ is a
protein that may be
included in testing
for neural tube defects in
prenatal screening.
1a

2. A1-FETOPROTEIN
1b

3. Abnormal CSF protein bands
located in the gamma region
on electrophoresis are referred
to as ______________, and
are indicative of
_____________.
2a

4. Oligoclonal bands;
multiple sclerosis
2b

5. Define acute phase
reactant
3a

6. Nonspecific response to
inflammation that includes
elevation
of certain plasma proteins and
decrease of others due to cytokine
production
3b

7. DEFINE AN AMPHOLYTE
4a

8. Ionized molecule with
coexistent negative and
positive charges. Proteins
and amino acids are
examples of ampholytes.
4b

9. Descibe albumin
migration during
electrophoresis
5a

10. At pH 8.6, the direction in which
albumin migrates is determined
by the ionization of the carboxyl
groups. This yields a net negative
charge and the albumin migrates
towards the anode
5b

11. Describe amino acids
at a low pH.
6a

12. At low pH, an amino acid is
in its cationic form with
both its amino and
carboxyl groups protonated
6b

13. Describe the clinical
significance of
prealbumin.
7a

14. It is often used to
asses a patient's
nutritional statua
7b

15. Describe the effect
that hemolysis would
have on serum
protein.
8a

16. Hemoglobin would
increase the serum
protein level
8b

17. A heavy distinct band located
in the beta-gamma region of
serum protein
electrophoresis indicates
______________.
9a

18. A monoclonal
protein
9b

19. How are amino acids
synthesized?
10a

20. Amino acids are formed by specific triplet
codons that are specified by DNA. They
are then transcribed into messenger RNA
where they are then translated into amino
acids. The amino acids are joined together
by peptide bonds to form
a protein.
10b

21. How is an infant's
IgG concentration
different from an
adult's?
11a

22. Infants have a lower IgG
concentration relative to
a normal adult
concentration of IgG
11b

23. If a patient has biliary
cirrhosis, which globulin
fraction will be most
elevated on serum protein
electrophoresis?
12a

24. GAMMA
12b

25. In nephrotic syndrom,
what happens to total
protein and albumin
levels?
13a

26. They decrease as
they are excreted in
the urine
13b

27. In vivo, what is
complement
responsible for?
14a

28. Phagocytosis of
infectious agents
14b

29. Is haptoglobin
normally increased
or decreased in
hemolytic disorders?
15a

30. DECREASED
15b

31. Maple syrup urine
disease is caused by
a defect in ______?
16a

32. Branched chain ketoacid decarboxylase
16b

33. The migration rate of
proteins on cellulose
acetate is based on
.
17a

34. THE IONIC CHARGE
17b

35. Name some
examples of fibrous
proteins.
18a

36. ■
■
■
■
Collagen
Troponin
Myosin
Fibrinogen
Fibrous proteins are involved in
construction of connective tissue, tendons,
bone matrix, and muscle fiber
18b

37. Name the plasma protein
that demonstrates an
increased
concentration in iron
deficiency anemia.
19a

38. Transferrin
Transferrin reversibly binds and
transports iron and copper. In
cases of iron deficiency, transferrin
levels are increased, but the protein
is less saturated with iron
19b

39. Name two methods
that are commonly
used to detect low
levels of CSF protein.
20a

40. Turbidimetric methods
and the Coomassie
Brilliant Blue dyebinding method
20b

41. Name two plasma
proteins that
decrease in the acute
phase response.
21a

42. Albumin and
transferrin
21b

43. On cellulose acetate
electrophoresis at pH
8.6, what is the order
of migration?
22a

44. Albumin, alpha-1
globulin, alpha-2
globulin, beta globulin,
gamma globulin
22b

45. Serum protein analysis
via the biuret method is
dependent upon
.
23a

46. the number of
peptide bonds
23b

47. What causes the
hyperproteinemia
commonly seen in
Waldenstrom's
macroglobulinemia?
24a

48. INCREASE IN IGM
24b

49. What causes the
hyperproteinemia
commonly seen in multiple
myeloma?
25a

50. An increase in one of
the immunoglobulins
which is usually IgG
25b

51. What element is
found in protein but
not in lipids or
carbohydrates?
26a

52. NITROGEN
26b

53. What is a
distinguishing
feature of Bence
Jones protein?
27a

54. It is soluble at 100
degrees celsius
27b

55. What is an A:G
ratio?
28a

56. It is the ratio of albumin to
globulins
Normal ratio is 1:18 but
this is reversed in
monoclonal gammopathies
28b

57. What is
ceruloplasmin?
29a

58. It is the primary coppercontaining protein in
plasma. Decreased levels
are common in Wilson's
disease.
29b

59. What is considered a
normal pH in the body? At
what charge does a protein
carry in the body at normal
pH?
30a

60. Normal pH is 7.4
Proteins carry a
negative charge at
this pH
30b

61. What is required of a
protein before it can
be analyzed by the
biuret method?
31a

62. A minimum of two
peptide bonds
31b

63. What is the charge of
a protein at a pH
between 7.37 to
7.47?
32a

64. NEGATIVELY CHARGED
32b

65. What is the effect of
a low total protein?
33a

66. Water leaves the
blood vessels, goes
into the tissues and
causes edema
33b

67. What is the main
function of albumin?
34a

68. It regulates colloidal oncotic pressure. Low
albumin results in edema. Albumin plays a
role in binding and transporting various
substances in the blood
34b

69. What is the most
common method for
measuring total
SERUM protein?
35a

70. Biuret method
Cupric ions react with
peptide bonds at an
alkaline pH producing a
colored complex
35b

71. What is the name of the
reference method for protein
determination
that converts nitrogen to
ammonium ions by acid
digestion?
36a

72. KJELDAHL METHOD
36b

73. What is the waste
product of protein
catabolism?
37a

74. Urea which is
excreted in the urine
37b

75. WHAT IS TRANSFERRIN?
38a

76. It is a protein that is
associated with the
transport of ferric
ions
38b

77. What is Wilson's
disease?
39a

78. Wilson's disease is a
copper-binding disorder
that results from
decreased ceruloplasmin
39b

79. What is Wilson's
disease?
40a

80. It is an inherited disorder
of copper metabolism
Copper is distributed in
the skin, liver, and brain
40b

81. What will cause an
increase in albumin
levels?
41a

82. DEHYDRATION
41b

83. Where are proteins
synthesized?
42a

84. Proteins are synthesized in the
liver.
The exception are the yglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD,
and IgE). These are synthesized
in plasma cells.
42b

85. Which protein has
the highest dyebinding capacity?
43a

86. ALBUMIN
43b

87. Which serum protein
fraction will be most
elevated in a patient with
nephrotic syndrome?
44a

88. ALPHA-2 GLOBULIN
44b

89. Which stage of protein structure
involves the folding of the
polypeptide in three dimensions
and the formation of hydrogen
bonds, and van der Waals
forces?
45a

90. TERTIARY STRUCTURE
45b