Proteins are composed of chains of amino acids and serve important structural and functional roles in biology. They can be classified based on their composition, structure, and biological function. Common analytical techniques used to study proteins include chromatography, electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry which separate proteins based on properties like size and charge. The diversity of amino acid side chains allows proteins to adopt complex 3D structures and perform a wide variety of critical roles in the body.

1. Chemistry of Proteins Lecture No. 4

15. Amino Acids found in Proteins His H Histidine Gly G Glycine Glu E Glutamic acid Gln Q Glutamine Cys C Cysteine Asp D Aspartic acid Asn N Asparagine Arg R Arginine Ala A Alanine 3-letter Abbreviation 1-Letter Abbreviation Amino acids

16. Amino Acids found in Proteins Tyr Y Tyrosine Val V Valine Trp W Tryptophan Thr T Threonine Ser S Serine Pro P Proline Phe F Phenylalanine Met M Methionine Lys K Lysine Leu L Leucine Ile I Isoleucine

20. Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine

37. Biologically Important Proteins Muscle action 6100 Myosin Part of immune system in blood 1320 Gamma globulin Enzyme for glycolysis 730 Hexokinase Oxygen transport in blood 574 Hemoglobin Used as anti-aging treatment 191 Growth hormone Enzyme for cell respiration 104 Cytochrome C Enzyme for sugar metabolism 51 Insulin Function No. of AA Protein

38. Blood Proteins Regulation of gene expression Regulatory proteins Neutralize trypsin that has leaked from the digestive system Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Blood coagulation Fibrinogens Participate in immune system Immunoglobulins Create osmotic pressure and transport other molecules Albumins

47. Vasopressin

49. Vassopressin

53. Chemical test for Proteins

56. HPLC

57. Gel Filtration Chromatography

59. Precipitation of proteins

60. Biuret Test

61. Chemical Reaction in the Biuret test