Agriculture has been and continues to be the most important sector in Indian economy. Climate change is one of the most important environmental issues facing the world today. The impact of climate change is a reality and it cuts across all climates sensitive sectors including the Agriculture sector. In this situation this seminar focuses on the climate smart agriculture. CSA brings together practices, policies and institutions that are not necessarily new but are used in the context of climatic changes which is prime requirement in arena of climate change. Farmers possessed low level of knowledge regarding climate change, and they adopted traditional methods to mitigate the impact of climate change. Small land holdings, poor extension services and non availability of stress tolerant verities were the major problems faced by the farmers in adoption to climate change. Extension functionaries were having medium level awareness about impact of climate change on agriculture. They used electronic media, training and conferences and seminars as major sources of information for climate change. They need training on climate smart agriculture aspects. Based on the above facts this presentation focuses on analyzing the opportunities and challenges of climate smart agriculture.
Climate change, its impact on agriculture and mitigation strategiesVasu Dev Meena
According to IPCC (2007) “Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its Variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer)”.
Climate change has adverse impacts on agriculture, hydropower, forest management and biodiversity.
In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc.
Climate change directly affect food production across the globe.
Conservation agriculture is based on maximizing yield and to achieve a balance of agricultural, economic and environmental benefits.
Conservation agriculture useful for meeting future food demands and also contributing to sustainable agriculture.
Conservation agriculture helps to minimizing the negative environmental effect and equally important to increased income to help the livelihood of those employed in agril. Production.
Introduction of conservation technologies (CT) was an important break through for sustaining productivity
Agriculture has been and continues to be the most important sector in Indian economy. Climate change is one of the most important environmental issues facing the world today. The impact of climate change is a reality and it cuts across all climates sensitive sectors including the Agriculture sector. In this situation this seminar focuses on the climate smart agriculture. CSA brings together practices, policies and institutions that are not necessarily new but are used in the context of climatic changes which is prime requirement in arena of climate change. Farmers possessed low level of knowledge regarding climate change, and they adopted traditional methods to mitigate the impact of climate change. Small land holdings, poor extension services and non availability of stress tolerant verities were the major problems faced by the farmers in adoption to climate change. Extension functionaries were having medium level awareness about impact of climate change on agriculture. They used electronic media, training and conferences and seminars as major sources of information for climate change. They need training on climate smart agriculture aspects. Based on the above facts this presentation focuses on analyzing the opportunities and challenges of climate smart agriculture.
Climate change, its impact on agriculture and mitigation strategiesVasu Dev Meena
According to IPCC (2007) “Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its Variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer)”.
Climate change has adverse impacts on agriculture, hydropower, forest management and biodiversity.
In the long run, the climatic change could affect agriculture in several ways such as quantity and quality of crops in terms of productivity, growth rates, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, moisture availability etc.
Climate change directly affect food production across the globe.
Conservation agriculture is based on maximizing yield and to achieve a balance of agricultural, economic and environmental benefits.
Conservation agriculture useful for meeting future food demands and also contributing to sustainable agriculture.
Conservation agriculture helps to minimizing the negative environmental effect and equally important to increased income to help the livelihood of those employed in agril. Production.
Introduction of conservation technologies (CT) was an important break through for sustaining productivity
http://www.fao.org/agroecology/en/ | Presentation by Parviz Koohafkan of the World Agricultural Heritage Foundation regarding the development of sustainable food systems. The presentation was delivered on January 31, 2017 at the CGRFA Side Event Biodiversity and Agroecology: The Agroecology Knowledge Hub.
Regenerative Agriculture as a Farming SolutionNelCoetzee
By: Jay Fuhrer. Rebuilding and maintaining life in the soil is directly linked to the longevity and reliability of our future agriculture; recognizing plants, animals, and soils evolved together over geological time
2030 Vision for the Global Food System: Implications for IndiaThe World Bank
What is India's role in a productive and resilient food system that can help feed the world? A plenary presentation at the 12th Agricultural Science Congress, Karnal, India.
EXTENT OF LAND DEGRADATION, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN UTTAR PRADESHPrashant Sharma
Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land. Evaluating the precise magnitude of soil degradation and its impact on the environment
http://www.fao.org/agroecology/en/ | Presentation by Parviz Koohafkan of the World Agricultural Heritage Foundation regarding the development of sustainable food systems. The presentation was delivered on January 31, 2017 at the CGRFA Side Event Biodiversity and Agroecology: The Agroecology Knowledge Hub.
Regenerative Agriculture as a Farming SolutionNelCoetzee
By: Jay Fuhrer. Rebuilding and maintaining life in the soil is directly linked to the longevity and reliability of our future agriculture; recognizing plants, animals, and soils evolved together over geological time
2030 Vision for the Global Food System: Implications for IndiaThe World Bank
What is India's role in a productive and resilient food system that can help feed the world? A plenary presentation at the 12th Agricultural Science Congress, Karnal, India.
EXTENT OF LAND DEGRADATION, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN UTTAR PRADESHPrashant Sharma
Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land. Evaluating the precise magnitude of soil degradation and its impact on the environment
Learning to feed the world and how Thailand, the world’s top rice grower, has passed on their farming skills for centuries is one option being served to interested visitors. To discover that you can feed the world.
www.discovertheotheryou.com
Climate Risk Management: Experience of MoroccoICARDA
Hamid MAHYOU
National Institute for Agronomic Research - Morocco
COP22 Session - Novembere 16th 2016, Coping with Climate Change in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region Meeting future food demand through SCIENCE & INNOVATION
the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Sri Lanka Agricultural Economics Association (SAEA) summoned a symposium on “Convergence of policies and programs for sustainable and climate resilient agriculture and role of agricultural economics association in contemporary world” on December 13, 2014 as part of Joint Annual Research Forum at Hectare Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka. The aim of the symposium was to bring together researchers from South Asian countries to present the policy measures taken within their countries regarding climate –smart agriculture and to explore the convergence among them for the near future.
The Brussels Briefing on the subject of “Emerging donors and rising powers in agriculture in ACP countries” took place on Tuesday 27 October 2015 from 9:00h to 13:00h at the ACP Secretariat (451 Avenue Georges Henri, 1200 Brussels, Room C ).
The Briefing discussed the key challenges and new opportunities to enhance South-South and Triangular cooperation. The Briefing : i) reviewed successes and the lessons learned from research and practice; ii) promoted the exchange of information on best practices and drivers of success; iii) fed into the debate various perspectives on policy options. It reviewed the key challenges and opportunities in South-South cooperation in agriculture and the lessons learned from research and practice. It looked at examples of successes in South-South and triangular partnerships across the ACP.
Keating - Sustainable intensification and the food security challenge CIALCA
Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.
Presentation by Prof Paul Mapfumo. Presented during a pre - SBSTA meeting on CSA Alliance: Building Climate Change Resilience in Africa held on 30th May 2014 in Bonn, Germany http://ccafs.cgiar.org/csa-alliance-building-climate-change-resilience-africa#.U42GUihCCTs
Similar to Climate resilient agriculture in Africa (20)
Can we measure female social entrepreneurship? ICARDA
1st Annual Conference of the Private Sector Development Research Network:Private Enterprise and Inclusion12-13 December 2019
Presentation by Anastasia Seferiadis, Sarah Cummings and Bénédicte Gastineau
Building Climate Smart FARMERSThe Indian PerspectiveICARDA
Presented by
DR. KIRIT N SHELAT, I.A.S. (Rtd)
National Council for Climate Change, Sustainable Development and Public Leadership (NCCSD)
AHMEDABAD - INDIA
SUSTAINABLE SILVOPASTORAL RESTORATION TO PROMOTE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN TUNISIAICARDA
25 - 29 November 2019. Antalya, Turkey. Near East Forestry and Range Commission (NEFRC) - 24th Session
Presentation by Dr. Mounir Louhaichi
Rangeland Ecology & Management
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas
M.Louhaichi@cigar.org
Highlights on 2019 research outputs and outcomesICARDA
18-20/11/2019. ICARDA Board of Trustees. The Program Committee of the first day was open to all staff. It included:
Highlights of recent research breakthroughs and strategic questions presented by Strategic Research Priorities (CRPs) and Cross Cutting Themes (CCTs).
The presentation is a brief highlight of the rationale for mobile data collection and the landscape of the mobile data collection platforms that exist, and the potential considerations for a choice of a choice of open data kit as a subject of the training
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11766/10373
See also:
https://www.icarda.org/media/events/monitoring-evaluation-and-learning-data-management-and-geo-informatics-option-context
BRINGING INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY ALONG THE WHOLE VALUE CHAIN IN THE MED...ICARDA
Tunis, 6-7 November 2019. Training workshop PRIMA – Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area is the most ambitious joint programme to be undertaken in the frame of Euro-Mediterranean cooperation.
Presentation by Prof. M. Hachicha National Research Institute in Rural Engineering, Water and Forestry, University of Carthage | UCAR
Utilizing the reject brine from desalination for implementing integrated agri...ICARDA
14-15 November 2019. Madrid. International Symposium on the use of Non-Conventional Waters to achieve Food Security
DESALINATION - “Advancing desalination: reducing energy consumption and environmental footprint”
Presentation by Ms Dionysia Lyra, International Centre on Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), United Arab Emirates
The role of higher and vocational education and training in developing knowle...ICARDA
25 October 2019. Africa-Europe event on higher education collaboration
Investing in skills and the young generation is key for sustainable social and economic development. Africa and Europe have been working together to develop high quality and inclusive higher education systems, exchange experience in matching skills with the demands of the labour market and to support collaboration, mobility and exchange between students and scientists within and between the African continent and Europe.
Characteristics of a winning research proposal ICARDA
Tunis, 6-7 November 2019. Training workshop PRIMA – Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area is the most ambitious joint programme to be undertaken in the frame of Euro-Mediterranean cooperation.
Yehia Selmi, co-founder, Bio-wonder, Tunisia.
28 October 2019. Cairo. On the occasion of the 10th Africa Food Day Commemoration, held in joint food and nutrition security research and innovation projects within the Africa-EU Partnership.
Panel 4: Panel 4 – Idea-carriers:
Dr. Jacques Wery, Deputy Director General Research, ICARDA (CGIAR)
28 October 2019. On the occasion of the 10th Africa Food Day Commemoration, held in Egypt under the chairmanship of the African Union by Egypt in 2019, the North Africa event, organized by LEAP4FNSSA with the support of ARC/ Agricultural Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, launched a public private alliance of partners between Europe and North Africa to develop joint food and nutrition security research and innovation projects within the Africa-EU Partnership
Funding networks and mechanisms to support EU AU FNSSA R&I ICARDA
Dr. Bernard Mallet, Agriculture Projects Coordinator, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, France
28 October. On the occasion of the 10th Africa Food Day Commemoration, held in Egypt under the chairmanship of the African Union by Egypt in 2019, the North Africa event, organized by LEAP4FNSSA with the support of ARC/ Agricultural Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, launched a public private alliance of partners between Europe and North Africa to develop joint food and nutrition security research and innovation projects within the Africa-EU Partnership
https://www.icarda.org/media/events/building-research-and-innovation-collaborations-within-frame-african-european
Mapping suitable niche for cactus and legumes in diversified farming in drylandsICARDA
Presentation by Chandrashekhar Biradar and team.
16-18 October 2019. Hyderabad, India. TRUST: Humans, Machines & Ecosystems. This year’s Convention was hosted by The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). The Platform is led by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
2. Key threats to soils in Africa
Two thirds of Africa’s arable lands could be lost by 2025
because of the negative impact of climate change.
Soil: At the Heart of Water and Food Security Nexus
Soil erosion, loss of soil organic carbon, and nutrient imbalance
(depletion)
The continent loses 3% of agricultural GDP
annually from soil and nutrient loss on
farmlands
3. Mean size
(ha)
% < 2 ha
Sub-Saharan Africa 2.4 69
West Asia - North
Africa
4.9 65
South Asia 1.4 78
East Asia 1.0 79
SE Asia 1.8 57
Central America 10.7 63
South America 111.7 36
Europe 32.3 30
USA 178.4 4
Vast majority of Africa’s farms are small
and family operated
Eastwood et al., 2009
Africa has 33 million family
farms of less than 2 hectares,
accounting for 80% of farms
Women are the backbone of
agriculture in Africa
Only 3% of farms have more
than 10 hectares
4. Changes in Food production in SSA
available to them.Meanwhile,cropswith low financial returnssuch asdomestic cereals
destined for low-waged domestic marketsand which compete unfavourably with cheap
importson global markets,aswell aslabour-intensive cropssuch ascotton,have not
attracted the attention of LSCFs.
Regarding production trends,theoutput of most food cropsin SSAgrew substantially
between 1960sand 2013.In absoluteterms,tubersand cereal output grew significantlybetween
1985and 2010,whiletheproduction of pulses,oilseedsand vegetableswasrelativelylacklustre
(seeFigure4).In contrast,production hasdeclined significantlyin per capitaterms(seeFAO2014).
FIGURE4
Quantity of main food crop output in SSA
Source:FAOSTAT(2014).
Currently,SSA’scattlepopulation ismainly owned by family farms, although many keep
FAOSTAT (2014)
Food availability in Sub-Saharan Africa has
increased by nearly 12 percent over the past
two decades.
5. Agriculture as a driver of economic
transformation in Africa
GDPgrowth.Thisemphasisesthe point that the cropped arearisessteadily,in tandem with
demographicgrowth and theassociated expansion of familyfarms,despiteexternal shockssuch
aspoor weather and oil prices,which engendered volatilepatternsof growth.It also highlightsthe
fact that family farmsinvariablyapply their familylabour to farming,and in doing so provideover
60per cent of theformal and informal employment in SSA.
FIGURE3
GDPgrowth and area harvested for cerealsin SSA
Source:FAOSTAT(2014).
FAOSTAT (2014)
Cereal production has increased by 125%,
yields by 32%, and cultivated land by 70% in 30
years
6. Yield Gaps Persist
ERS (2013)
Yield reduction in Africa due to past soil
erosion may range from 2 to 40%, with a
mean loss of 8.2% for the continent.
7. • Double its production
by 2030 and triple it by
2050.
• Zero hunger by 2025
• food available needs
to be increased by
437 million metric
tons or 47 percent of
current demand.
• Developing agriculture
while protecting the
continent’s natural
resources depends on
sustainable intensification.
• Effective and sustainable
intensification efforts must
be geared to family farmers.
• Local markets are the main
and most dynamic
destination for agricultural
producers.
African Agriculture at Cross Road
8. Climate Resilient agriculture in Africa
Coupling and hybridizing
– Ecological Production Intensification: 4 for 100 per
year of increased production is necessary
– Sustainable expansion of croplands to increase by
1.5 percent or by 38.9 million hectares.
60% of the planet’s unexploited arable lands are found in
Africa, but land must be protected from degradation and
exhaustion
9. Contribution by sub-region to total
food crop production of Africa
18
14
9
38
21
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
North Africa
Southern Africa
Central Africa
West Africa
East Africa
10. Cropland Increase in No Hunger-High
Food Security
Region CHANGE IN LAND AREA in
MILLION Ha
East Africa 20
West Africa 10
Southern Africa 5.1
Central Africa 3.7
North Africa 0.1
Africa 38.9
NEPAD (2016)While 40% of the land in Africa is potentially
arable, only nine percent is actually cultivated.
11. Yield history & trends in Africa
Figure 5.3: Yields (tons per hectare) for African regions.
Source: IFs version 7.19, using data from FAO. Increase in Central Africa in 2012 is from countries for w
North Africa
East Africa
Southern Africa
Central Africa
West Africa
Crop Yields (tons per hectare) for African regions
Sustainable Soil Management, Improvements
to local specific seed varieties, increases in use
of fertilizer, and expansions in irrigation could
dramatically improve yields.
NEPAD 2016
12. High potential in irrigated agriculture
es are far from exploiting
al potential for irrigation
areas have
both surface
veloped only
gation potential
he developed
rrigation is only
Potential, equipped and actually irrigated
areas in the SSA drylands countries
7
Rainfed agriculture produces 90% of SSA’s staple food needs... ...and irrigated supply
provides only 5%
13. African (Intended) Nationally Determined Contributions
« (I)NDC analysis »: Adaptation measures
CSA= Climate Smart Agriculture
SLM = Sustainable Land Management
AF = Agroforestery
AE = Agro-ecology
Plans and policies are in progress for widening appropriation by farmers of resilience
21
20
15
85
21
20
15
50
0 20 40 60 80 100
CSA
AF
AE
SLM
Countries Projects
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/73255
Richards et al., 2016
14. Agroforestry systems:
wide variety of shapes and forms.
y
mimicry
1986) for
, humid
table for
ept. The
corporate
oforestry
nd peren-
system in
interac-
d in Asia,
ure both
onmental
air 2001;
). These
Fig. 4 Beyond significant cocoa production, Cocoa agroforestry
systems in Cameroun provide wood, fruits, medicine and a variety
of ecological services
19
Beyond significant cocoa
production, Cocoa agroforestry
systems in Cameroun provide
wood, fruits, medicine and a
variety of ecological services.
Banana agroforestry system
Farm household resilience
Social wealth
Water cycling
Soil cover and fertility
Carbon sequestration
Fighting desert progression
Adaptation and mitigation
REDD+ or AFOLU CONCEPTS
17. Conservation Agriculture (CA)
is an approach to managing agro-ecosystems for
improved and sustained productivity, increased profits
and food security while preserving and enhancing the
resource base and the environment
① Minimizing soil disturbance, consistent with sustainable production.
② Maximizing soil surface cover by managing crops, pastures and crop
residues.
③ Stimulating biological activity through crop rotations, cover crops
and integrated nutrient and pest management.
Crops do not ask for plow or disk … they demand a
good soil condition for germination and growth.
18. CA World-Wide (2013)
Continent Cropland under
CA (Million ha)
Per cent of
global CA area
Per cent of
cropland
South America 66.4 (49.5) 42.3 60.0
North America 54.0 (40) 34.4 24.0
Australia & NZ 17.9 11.4 35.9
Asia 10.3 (2.6) 6.6 3.0
Russia & Ukraine 5.2 (0.1) 3.3 3.3
Europe 2.0 (1.5) 1.3 2.8
Africa 1.2 (0.4) 0.8 0.9
Global total 157.0 (106) 100
Kassam et al. 2015
19. Conservation agriculture holds great
promise for Africa
1.22 million ha in Africa
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1973 1982 2002 2007 2009 2011 2013
Area under
Conservation
Agriculture (ha)
Year
Mrabet, 2016
20. Compelling evidence exists that CA farmers
worldwide and in Africa can't be wrong
toward full adoption, while in other cases it is an ongoing practice for farmers who mix and match
diverse farming techniques as they see fit. Figure 3 depicts four different pathways to CA adoption; in
Africa, pathways 2-4 (forms of partial adoption) are more common than pathway 1 (quick and
complete adoption).
Table 2. CA adoption in Africa, including total area under CA management and numbers of
smallholders adopting CA practices. Pairs of numbers separated by the “/” symbol indicate estimates
from different studies. Sources: RELMA, 2007; Kassam et al., 2009; Thiombiano and Meshack, 2009;
Derpsch et al., 2010.
Country Area under CA (ha)
Number of smallholders
conducting CA
Ghana 30,000 / 300,000 Up to 400,000
Kenya 15,000 / 18,000 5,000
Malawi 47,000 5,400
Morocco 4,000 No data
Mozambique 9,000 No data
South Africa 368,000 No data
Sudan 10,000 No data
Tanzania 6,000 No data
Tunisia 7,000 No data
Zambia 40,000 / 110,000 70,000 / 100,000
Zimbabwe 7,500 / 15,000 No data
The rate of adoption varies according to farm size, with large commercial farms comprising most of
the area under CA globally and in parts of Africa. In eastern and southern Africa, CA has been
adopted by many large commercial operators, but the extent of adoption among smallholders is not
21. Closing the yield gaps with CA
Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia,
Kenya and TanzaniaCorbeels, M., et al., 2013
Africa will never feed itself without conservation agriculture
Increased productivity (for small,
medium and large scale farmers).
Savings in labour (up to 60%).
22. Closing the yield gaps with CA
Central Morocco
Mrabet, 2011
Africa will never feed itself without conservation agriculture
yield CT = 0,0033 Rainfall + 1,4116
R2
= 0,1823
yield NT = 0,0028 Rainfall + 2,01
R2
= 0,1457
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Rainfall (mm)
GrainYield(Mg/ha)
No-tillage
Conventional Tillage
23. Internalizing benefits from environmental
preservation
Carbon sequestration with CA
Ben Moussa Machraoui et al. 2010
Tunisia
Indo-Gangetic Plains:
0.16 and 0.49 Mg C ha−1 yr−1
Sub-Sahara Africa:
0.28 and 0.96 Mg C ha−1 yr−1
Powlson et al. 2016
24. Mitigation Potential of CA in MtCO2e
95.9
323.6
260.2
1.8
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Australia & New Zealand
USA & Canada
Brazil+Argentina+Bolivia+Uruguay
China + Kazakhistan
Avoided GHG emission
Area Under CA 2007
Kenya anticipates an increase in carbon uptake
of 1.1 MtCO2e by 2030, equivalent to 0.04
MtCO2e per year, from no-till farming activities
under its Climate Change Action Plan
UNEP Emission Gap Report, 2013
25. Conservation Agriculture with Trees
• Food security via increased productivity and biodiversity
• Adaptation to climate change
• Carbon sequestration – below & above ground
– Balanced nutrition
– Micro climate creation
– Arboriculture & Forest products
– Biodiversity
Potentials
28. Combining Zai & Fertilizer
In Niger, planting millet in pits with inorganic
fertilizer multiplied the yield by four (from 144
kg/ha to 659 kg/ha) – and by ten in a good
rainfall year (1,486 kg/ha)...
Zai is a traditional soil conservation technique that originated in Mali in the Dogon area. It is among
the most important technique implemented in Sahelian countries since 1980s and has developed land
improvement practices on a wide scale, e.g. in Burkina Faso and Niger. Zai planting pit system (also tassa in
Tahoua) is an old farming technique rediscovered after the great drought of 1973/74 and later perfected by
development partners working with farmers (Abdo, 2014). From that time, the technique has been widely
practised in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger (Sawadogo et al., 2001).
The use of zai pits originates in the western Sahel where infertile, encrusted soils receive low and often highly
variable rainfall. On such dry, fragile lands, smallholder farmers face a constant challenge to produce enough
food to feed their families and generate much-needed income (Motis, D’Aiuto, and Lingbeek, 2013).
How it works
It consists of dug holes excavated in grids, with a diameter of 15-20 cm and a depth of 10-15 cm or
more, filled with manure. They are spaced 70 to 80 cm apart, resulting in around 10 000 pits per ha. Staggered
rows of holes are dug perpendicularly to the slope. The excavated earth is formed into a small ridge down slope
of the pit for maximum back capture of rainfall and runoff. Manure is added to each pit, though its availability is
sometimes a problem. The improved infiltration and increased nutrient availability brings degraded land into
cultivation. This organic matter attracts termites, which play a crucial role in improving soil structure. Row
crops are then planted in the pits which are able to hold water in excess of500% of the water holding capacity of
the soil.
Figure 1: Zai Pit System
Source: GIZ (2012)
29. CHANGE IN 2050 IN THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE AT RISK OF HUNGER, RELATIVE
TO THE BASELINE SCENARIO, AFTER ADOPTION OF IMPROVED
AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES
Rosegrant et al. (2014)
Zero-tillage is the best option for wheat
30. Shifting from degradation to
sustainability
Sustainability spirale Degradation spirale
Agro-ecosystem
Cutting trees
for fuel
Overgrazing
Loss of
biodiversity
Burning plant cover
Denudation
Loss of organic
matter
Nutrient leaching
Waterlogging
Wind
erosion
Productivity loss
Ecosystem degradation
Crusting, compaction
CO , CH , NO emissions2 4 2
Sheet and gully
erosion
Soil and water
conservation
Sustainable production
Soil
stability
Organic matter
enrichment
Maintenance of
biodiversity
Germplasm
conservation
Productivity increase
Fertility enhancement
Drought contingency
Carbon
sequestration
Mulching and
green manuring
Conservation tillage
Agroforestry, intercropping
Pasture
improvement
Agro-ecosystem
In Africa, conservation agriculture is not just an opportunity,
it must become a mandate.
31. KEY MESSAGES
Transforming agriculture
– Tackling risks and drivers to limit (or overcome) amplification.
– Sustaining diversity in soils, crops, livelihoods, eco-services, …
– Managing adaptively for multifunctionality in agricultural systems.
– Developing knowledge and access to robust technologies and
information as well as enhancing skills for all stakeholders.
– Developing and marketing indigenous knowledge.
– Identifying the policy space for agriculture resilience: defining and
allocating responsibilities.
– Sustaining links among governments, research and extension offices,
NGOs and civil society, private sector and farmers communities.
– Implementing national and regional level efforts to extend and scale-
up CSA, SLM and AF.