Climate smart agriculture origins
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The CSA approach and its origins is presented as well as current CSA initiatives and the envisioned CSA umbrella programme for Central Asia. © FAO: http://www.fao.org
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Climate smart agriculture origins
- 1. Climate Smart Agriculture Origins Bishkek 12-14 July 2016 Dr. Reuben Sessa, Climate Change and Energy Coordinator for Europe & Central Asia FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia
- 2. Outline Why was CSA created? What is CSA? Examples Next steps in the region
- 3. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (2007) Why CSA? Global Trends • Population growth • Change in diets • Unsustainable use natural resources • Environmental degradation
- 4. Why CSA? Climate change impacts • Short run • Long run • Climate change creates new risks & challenges and exacerbates existing vulnerabilities
- 5. Why CSA? Uncoordinated responses • Lack of coordination of responses between sectors • Separation of adaptation and mitigation in UNFCCC • Lack of understanding of the role of agriculture in CC and food security • Need to link CCA/CCM and DRR into main agricultural and rural development interventions
- 7. A global approach with locally appropriate actions • CSA is not an agricultural practice or system per se • CSA is location-specific • CSA applies across scales • CSA is cross-sectoral
- 8. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) CC Mitigation CC Adaptation Synergies AG productivity & income increase
- 9. Concept evolution • 2010: CSA was introduced as a concept by FAO at the Global Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change in the Hague. • 2012: CSA Landscapes, Country implementation, Green Economy • 2010-2014: Widespread interest in and uptake of the concept, both among partner organizations and countries. www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3325e/i3325e.pdf
- 10. 1. Concept and scope Section A 2. Landscape approach Section B Section C 4. Farming systems 3. Farming practices 5. Food chains 8. Finance7. Policy 9. DRR 12. Assessment10. Safety nets 11. Capacity development 6. Institutions TARGET AUDIENCE PLANNERS PRATICTIONER S POLICY MAKERS CSA Sourcebook
- 11. Identifying suitable on farm and agricultural options • Intensification of production • Sustainable & efficient use of resources • Climate smart agriculture practices
- 12. Landscape & ecosystem level • Integrated landscape approach: synergies for AG production through coordinated actions at farm, ecosystem & landscape scales. Scherr et al. 2012
- 13. CSA – value chains Consumption Distribution Processing Post-harvest Primary production Reducing food losses and waste - challenge and opportunity
- 15. Linking CC finance to overcome agriculture investment barriers
- 16. Rice Production System Alternate wetting and drying in irrigated rice Reduce water use up to 30% Reduce methane emissions by 48% Lower energy use No fish system Biodiversity ecosystem loss
- 17. Fertilizer Deep Placement Production of briquettes Reduced fertilizer use by 1/3 Increase yield by 18 percent More labor intensive (woman) Less water contamination
- 18. CSA in practice More examples of CSA interventions www.fao.org/3/a-i3817e.pdf www.fao.org/gacsa/resources/ csa-documents/en/
- 19. CSA Central Asia initiatives • Challenges productivity/income, CC, DRR, Energy, food security • CACILM-II GEF project • FAO’s Economics and Policy Innovations for CSA (EPIC) programme • CSA Kyrgyzstan programme
- 20. CSA Umbrella programme CSA Central Asia • Countries • Partners • GACSA collaboration • Food security • Nutrition sensitive • CCA/DRR/CCM • Environment • Energy
- 21. Thank you! For more information, please visit: www.fao.org/climatechange and www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture and www.fao.org/gacsa
Editor's Notes
- This picture shows flooding in Bosnia and Herzegovina, May 19, 2014. Both Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina were hit by the worst floods in the last 120 years.
- Climate change adds extra challenges in reaching this goal Short run: Increased variability, Increased frequency, intensity of shocks Long run: - Major changes in temperature & rainfall patterns.
- At its core it is about development planning that takes into consideration food security, the need to adapt to climate change, and GHG mitigation options
- Context-specific priorities and solutions need to be aligned with national policies and priorities, and be determined based on the social, economic and environmental conditions at site, including the diversity in type and scale of agricultural activity, as well as evaluating the potential synergies and tradeoffs and net benefits.
- The CSA Sourcebook’s structure is divided into three sections, each created targetting a specific audience. The sourcebook is to guide stakeholders on achieving CSA adoption. Section AThe Case for Climate-Smart Agriculture consists of two modules establishing a conceptual framework and is targeted to a broad audience. Module 1 explains the rationale for CSA and module 2 focuses on the adoption of a landscape approach. Section BImproved Technologies and Approaches for Sustainable Farm Management is divided in nine Modules. It is targeted primarily to the needs of planners and practitioners and analyzes what issues need to be addressed in the different sectors, in terms of water (Module 3), soils (Module 4), energy (Module 5) and genetic resources (Module 6) for up-scaling of practices of crop production (Module 7), livestock (Module 8), forestry (Module 9) and fisheries and aquaculture (Module 10) along sustainable and inclusive food value chains (Module 11). Section CEnabling frameworks encompasses seven Modules, targeted to policy makers, providing guidance on what institutional (Module 12), policy (Module 13) and finance (Module 14) options are available. It further provides information on links with disaster risk reduction (Module 15) and utilization of safety nets (Module 16) and also illustrates the key role of capacity development (Module 17) and assessments and monitoring (Module 18).
- Farmers are the primary custodians of knowledge about their environment, agro-ecosystems, crops, livestock, and local climatic patterns. Adapting to CSA must be related to local farmers’ knowledge, requirements and priorities. Local projects and institutions support farmers to identify suitable climate-smart options that can be easily adopted and implemented.
- 1/3 of global food produced is lost or wasted, the resources used to produce food are lost as well. Increasing efficiency along the chain should look at resource use efficiency enhancement (water, energy, fertilizer, land, labour) etc. Challenge due to limited land, water availability, but also due to efficiencies along the chain, such as lack or limited access to & understanding of markets, finance and other services; Lack of access to information and adequate knowledge of improving environmental sustainability and efficient use of resources; Weak bargaining power. Part of the initial global production lost or wasted, at different stages of the food supply chain, for different commodity groups. Source: FAO, Global food losses and food waste - 2011
- reduces water use by up to 30% and can save farmers money on irrigation and pumping costs. AWD reduces methane emissions by 48% without reducing yield. But as high as 80 percent Efficient nitrogen use and application of organic inputs to dry soil can further reduce emissions. More rigorous root growth Healthier abundance of aerobic organisms in the soil Efficient nitrogen use MARD’s 2011 policy aims for 3.2 million hectares of improved rice cultivation by 2020. Partners and funding sources The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and various national partners have been involved in the development and testing of AWD, funded by the Global Rice Science Partnership (GRiSP) and other programmes. In Vietnam, the MARD’s extension services support roll-out of AWD. Field demonstrations across multiple countries showcased AWD’s benefits to farmers and policy makers and ensured buy-in at multiple levels. AWD offers multiple wins for farmers, reducing costs associated with watering, fertilizer and insecticide application.
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