The document defines and distinguishes between different types of clauses: - Phrases contain a group of words with a noun and verb but do not express a complete thought. - Independent clauses can stand alone as a complete sentence. Dependent clauses cannot stand alone as they are incomplete and require an independent clause. - Dependent clauses are introduced with subordinating conjunctions like "although", "before", and "because" and require an independent clause to complete the sentence.

1. What Is a Clause? Like…What Am I? Help! I’M Freaking out man!

2. The Basics Phrase Clause Group of words that does not have a subject and a verb. A noun + verb …it may or may not be a sentence Example: My neighbor’s dog Example: My neighbor’s dog left me a present.

3. Independent Clauses An independent clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. Notice that Dirk expresses himself with two independent clauses I don’t need you. I don’t need anybody!

4. Dependent clauses A dependent clause contains a subject and a verb, but it does not express a complete thought. It cannot stand alone as a sentence. How much money did you say you make? Because I cannot stand alone , I need you Daphne.

5. Caution! Independent clauses can stand alone as fully functioning sentences. Dependent clauses do not communicate a complete thought . They do not make sense by themselves because they are incomplete .

6. How do we identify and use dependent clauses?

7. Look for the subordinating conjunctions… Dependent clauses begin with words like although, before, because, so that, when, while, so, and that. Example: Although it was dangerous…

8. A as A after A although W while W when U until B before B because I if S since

9. We use the AAAWWUBBIS WORDS (aka subordinating conjunctions) to start a dependent clause. Example: Although I was very sick… We then join this clause with an independent clause to make a sentence. Example: Although I was very sick, I still managed to grade all of my students’ papers.