The document explains phrases, focusing on prepositional phrases, which consist of a preposition and an object, and can include modifiers. It also describes adjective phrases that modify nouns and adverb phrases that modify verbs or adjectives. Additionally, appositives and appositive phrases are defined, emphasizing their role in clarifying or providing additional information about nouns.

1. Phrases: Introduction, Prepositional Phrases, and Appositive Phrases Mrs. Hamilton Summer 2008

2. What is a Phrase? A phrase is a group of words that go together, but do not make a complete sentence . Phrases act as a single part of speech in a sentence.

3. Prepositional Phrases A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun. The noun or pronoun at the end of the prepositional phrase is called the object of the preposition.

4. Prepositional Phrases Prepositional phrases may consist simply of a preposition and its object. Prepositional phrases may have modifiers between the preposition and its object (particularly adjectives).

5. Compound Objects of Prepositions You can have compound objects of the preposition (more than one object joined by a coordinating conjunction. FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

6. More on Prepositional Phrases It is possible to have consecutive (more than one) prepositional phrase. This is different from a compound o.p. because compound o.ps share the preposition and are joined by the coordinating conjunction.

7. Adjective Phrases Prepositional phrases that function as adjectives are called adjective phrases. Adjective phrases modify nouns or pronouns. Adjectives can answer “what kind?”, “which one?”, “how many?”, or “how much?” or “whose”?

8. Adjective Phrases Adjective phrases always follow the word they modify.

9. Examples of Adjective Phrases The girl with the hat is my cousin. The students from CHS know Mrs. Eller. The book on the cart is my favorite.

10. Adverb Phrases Prepositional phrases that act as adverbs by modifying verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. “ To what degree or extent?” “ Where? “ When?” “ How?”

11. Examples of Adverb Phrases We ran over the hill. At midnight I went downstairs. She skates very well for a beginner.

12. Appositives An appositive is a noun or pronoun that typically follows another noun or pronoun to further identify it or explain it. >Tom Glavine, a Cy Young Award winner , pitched well. >My brother Todd is a Georgia Tech graduate.

13. Appositives Phrases An appositive phrase is made up of the appositive and its modifers. >Mr. Smith, a teacher at Lincoln High School , won the lottery yesterday. >Ms. Hamilton, our teacher , assigned us a quiz yesterday.

14. Commas and Appositive Phrases/Appositives Use commas to set off any appositive or appositive phrase that is not essential to the meaning of the sentence. >Ethan’s friend Julie works at the store. (essential) >Eric, Ethan’s twin brother , does not have money today.