This document discusses different types of shuttleless looms. It classifies shuttleless looms into three categories: partially guided solid carrier looms like projectile looms; fully guided solid carrier looms like rapier looms; and fluid carrier looms like air jet and water jet looms. Projectile looms use small projectiles to carry the weft yarn through the shed, rapier looms use fork-like rapiers, and fluid carrier looms use compressed air or water to propel the weft yarn. Shuttleless looms are faster, quieter, and produce better fabric quality than shuttle looms.

1. Classification of Shuttle-less
weaving
Vignesh Dhanabalan -
vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com

2. 
Vignesh Dhanabalan -
vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com

3. ◦ Partially guided solid carrier
 ( Projectile loom)
◦ Fully guided solid carrier
 (Rapier loom)
◦ Fluid carrier
 Air jet lom
 Water jet loom
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sVignesh Dhanabalan -
vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com

4. PROJECTILE LOOM
Also called missile loom as the picking action is done by
a series of small bullet like projectiles which hold the
weft yarn and carry it through the shed and then return
empty.
20 and 60g in mass.
Projectile loom can produce up to 300 ppm and is less
noisier then the shuttle loom. Vignesh Dhanabalan -
vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com

5. RAPIER LOOM
fork-like opening
Handing over of weft yarn from one head to the other at centre of warp shed.
Subsequently both heads move back in opposite directions.
Vignesh Dhanabalan -
vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com

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Energy is stored in fluid
through compression.
The released energy
propels weft along with a
certain amount of fluid.
Vignesh Dhanabalan -
vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com

7. Shuttleless Loom.
Insert weft yarn by means of projectile, rapier, air and water jet
Weft yarn is
placed outside
the weaving
loom.
The speed is
faster, quiet and
better fabric
quality

8. COMPARISON OF SHUTTLE AND SHUTTLELESS
LOOMS
•
110 to 225 picks per minute (ppm).
weave 2 to 4 times as much as
conventional looms
The physical and mental strain
upon the weaver is less.
Strain upon the warp threads is reduced due to
smaller depth of shed.
Laborious process
Ware and tear is high owing to
high maintenance cost.
• The shuttle sometimes leads to abrasion
on the warp yarns and at other times
causes thread breaks.

9. LIMITATIONS OF SHUTTLE LOOM
Unit-I / Shuttleless Weaving/ Vignesh Dhanabalan 9
 Shuttle looms are limited as long as their fundamental constructions involved in the
use of
shuttle propulsion
 power required for picking is proportional to the cube of the loom speed
• loom speed is increased from 200 to 300 picks per minute, the power
requirement would increase by a factor of (3/2)3 i.e. 3.4 times approximately
 The above results are show the following disadvantages:
1. Greater strain imposed on the picking mechanism, thus rendering it liable to frequent
failure.
2. Greater amount of noise and vibration.
3. Because of superior energy in shuttle, greater strain is again imposed on the
checking mechanism.
4. The movement of shuttle will be more difficult to control and there will be a greater
possibility of its escape from the loom.

10. MACHINERY
 Loom speed
 Weft insertion rate
 loom width
 Machine down time
 Yarn breakage rate
Loom
Type
Loom
Width
in cm
Speed
in rpm
WIR
(MPM)
Conventional
Power loom
180 180 300-400
Projectile
loom
180-540 300-450 700-1500
Rapier-Rigid 150-400 300-550 1000-1200
Rapier-
Flexible
110-420 325-550 1000-1300
Water Jet 150-230 1000 1600-2000
Air Jet 190-430 500-
1100
1200-2520
Linear
Multiphase
190 1100-
1600
2000-3000
Drum type
Multiphase
170-190 2430-
3230
4000
(Twill)&
6000
(plain)
Unit-I / Shuttleless Weaving/ Vignesh Dhanabalan
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