Unconventional method of weft insertion
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This document describes three main methods of shuttleless weaving: projectile, rapier, and air jet. Projectile looms use small gripper bullets to carry the weft yarn across, but dragging the yarn can strain weak yarns. Rapier looms use rapiers, either single long rapiers or double rapiers that transfer the yarn between two rapiers. Air jet looms insert yarn using compressed air nozzles but cannot produce varied fabrics. Water jet looms use high pressure water to shoot the yarn across but are only suitable for hydrophobic fibers.
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The comber is a machine that prepares cotton fibers for spinning into yarn by removing short fibers and impurities. It improves the quality characteristics of yarns such as evenness, strength, and cleanliness. To achieve these quality improvements, the comber must eliminate short fibers, remaining impurities, and neps from the fiber material while forming an optimal sliver. Modern comber preparation systems use a draw frame followed by a sliver doubling machine like a UniLap to prepare uniform batts for feeding into rectilinear combers, which have stationary detaching rollers and swinging nippers to further clean and parallelize the fibers.
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1. Multiphase weaving machines operate using either the warp direction shed wave principle or the weft direction shed wave principle to open multiple sheds simultaneously and insert weft yarn in multiple locations at once.
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The document summarizes projectile weaving, which uses gripper projectiles to insert weft threads into warp threads. Key points:
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- Projectile looms produce fabrics with good quality at high efficiency and low energy use. They can weave a wide variety of yarns from fine to coarse.
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This document discusses testing methods for pilling and abrasion resistance of fabrics. It describes that pilling is the formation of small balls of entangled fibers on fabric surfaces due to rubbing, and is influenced by fiber properties like strength and stiffness. Methods to measure pilling include objective counting/weighing of pills or subjective comparison to standards. Tests for pilling include the ICI pilling box method and Martindale abrasion tester. Abrasion resistance depends on fiber type, properties, yarn twist, and fabric structure, and is measured using the Martindale abrasion tester by recording cycles until thread breakage. Grading scales are used to assess levels of pilling and abrasion damage.
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The document summarizes projectile weaving, which uses gripper projectiles to insert weft threads into warp threads. Key points:
- Projectile weaving machines were invented in 1924 and introduced commercially in 1953. They use small, bullet-like projectiles to insert weft threads at high speeds up to 1500 picks per minute.
- Projectile looms produce fabrics with good quality at high efficiency and low energy use. They can weave a wide variety of yarns from fine to coarse.
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A roving frame produces rovings of cotton and synthetic fibers through a process of drafting, twisting, and winding. It attenuates sliver through multiple drafting zones to form rovings of the required count. A flyer inserts twist into the roving as it is wound onto bobbins. Modern roving frames can achieve higher production rates through increased flyer speeds up to 1400 rpm and delivery speeds up to 40 m/min. They also have improved drafting systems and flyer designs for better fiber control and a wider draft range.
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The document discusses weaving technology and describes different mechanisms involved. It focuses on picking and beat-up mechanisms. Picking inserts the weft thread through the warp shed and can be bidirectional or unidirectional. Beat-up drives the inserted weft to the fell of the cloth. There are different types of picking (over, under) and beat-up (single, double, cam) mechanisms that are suited to different fabric weights and loom styles. Faults like early/late picking and factors influencing beat-up force are also covered.
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The document discusses the USTER HVI 1000 system for testing cotton quality. It analyzes the key components of the system and how it determines various quality characteristics within seconds. The HVI 1000 measures fiber length, uniformity index, micronaire value, strength, elongation, color, trash count/grade and other factors. It provides a fast, objective replacement for human cotton classers and allows farmers, traders, researchers and spinners to efficiently evaluate cotton quality. The HVI 1000 has become a universal standard in the cotton industry for classifying cotton quality.
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Created By
Abdullah Al Parvez ,
9th batch , Department of Yarn Manufacturing ,
Chittagong Textile Engineering College ,Bangladesh
Spinning Process
The document provides information on the physical properties of raw cotton including fiber length, fineness, strength, cleanliness, and chemical deposits. It then discusses the components and processes of a blow room line. The key goals of the blow room are to open compressed cotton fibers with minimal damage, remove impurities, and create an evenly blended sliver. Common blow room machines include bale openers, mixers, cleaners, and scutchers which use beaters, grids, and air flow to open, clean, and blend the fibers into a uniform lap for input to the carding process.
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This document discusses yarn count systems. It explains that yarns come in different thicknesses and are typically sold based on weight. There are two main systems for expressing yarn count: direct and indirect. Direct systems indicate the weight of a given length of yarn, while indirect systems indicate the length of yarn in a given weight. Common direct units include tex, dtex, and ktex which measure grams per 1000 meters, 10000 meters, and 1 meter respectively. Common indirect units include Nm, Nec, and Nw which measure meters, 840-yard hanks, and 560-yard hanks per gram respectively. The document provides examples and conversion factors between different count systems.
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This document discusses warp stop motion, which is a mechanism that stops the loom immediately when a warp thread breaks during weaving. There are two main types: mechanical and electrical. The mechanical type uses drop wires and reciprocating bars to obstruct loom movement if a thread breaks. The electrical type uses drop wires to complete or break an electrical circuit, activating a solenoid that stops the loom. Both aim to prevent faults from occurring in the fabric if a thread breaks by halting the loom quickly.
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- The main reasons for textile testing include quality control of raw materials and finished products, process monitoring, product development, and specification testing.
- Standardization of testing methods is important for explicit and implicit requirements of test results within and between laboratories.
- Sampling is necessary due to time and cost constraints, as many tests are destructive. Representative samples are taken from consignments, test lots, and packages.
- Factors like material variation, test method variation, operator variation, and test conditions can impact reproducibility of results, which standard test methods aim
Simplex machine. Roving, sliver
A roving frame produces rovings of cotton and synthetic fibers through a process of drafting, twisting, and winding. It attenuates sliver through multiple drafting zones to form rovings of the required count. A flyer inserts twist into the roving as it is wound onto bobbins. Modern roving frames can achieve higher production rates through increased flyer speeds up to 1400 rpm and delivery speeds up to 40 m/min. They also have improved drafting systems and flyer designs for better fiber control and a wider draft range.
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This document discusses different types of weaving machines, including multiphase weaving machines. It describes wave shed and parallel shed multiphase looms. Wave shed looms have shuttles that travel in straight or circular paths, while parallel shed looms form successive parallel sheds across the warp. The fastest weaving machine is the Sulzer M8300 multiphase loom, which can produce up to 1500 meters of fabric per day at a production cost 25-30% lower than single phase looms.
Bdft ii, tmt, unit-i, loom & itz types
This document compares conventional looms to modern looms, focusing on shuttle looms, projectile looms, and rapier looms. Shuttle looms are the oldest type but are slow and noisy. Projectile looms insert weft using a bullet-like projectile and have advantages like higher speeds, less wear on threads, and ability to weave multiple fabrics at once. Rapier looms insert weft using rigid or flexible rapiers and gripper heads, allowing for high insertion rates but also potential for more yarn breaks if not properly tensioned. Modern looms like projectile and rapier looms offer improvements over conventional shuttle looms through technological refinements.
Working principle of rapier and essential parts
The document discusses the working principle and essential parts of a rapier weaving machine. A rapier loom uses finger-like carriers called rapiers to carry the filling yarn through the shed from one side of the loom to the other without using a shuttle. There are two main types: single rapier machines which use a single rigid rapier, and double rapier machines which use two rapiers - one to carry the yarn to the center and the other to carry it across. The rapier head picks up the filling yarn and carries it through the shed, then returns empty to pick up the next yarn. Essential parts include the motor, crank shaft, bottom shaft, grippers tapes,
Working principle of rapier and essential parts
Working principle of rapier, essential parts, types of rapier machine like single rapier and double rapier.
fabric manufacturing
Weaving is the process of interlacing warp and weft yarns at right angles to form fabric. Historically, shuttles were used to pass the weft yarn through alternating raised and lowered warp yarns (shedding), but now shuttleless looms using air, rapier or projectile mechanisms are more common. The key steps in weaving are warping to prepare parallel warp yarns, sizing the warp yarns, drawing the yarns into the loom, shedding to separate warp yarns, picking to pass the weft through, and beating-up to push the weft into place. Weaving involves the interlacing of the length-wise warp
Frame Handloom
This document discusses handlooms and their components and operation. It provides details on:
- What a handloom is and how it differs from a power loom in being manually operated.
- The basic parts of a frame loom including the warp roller, heddles, shuttle, beater, and treadles.
- The motions of a handloom including shedding, picking, beating-up, let-off, and take-up.
- How a handloom is set up and mounted, including drafting, denting, and tying the treadles to the heddles.
- The process of operating a handloom, including attending to warp and weft
Rapier Loom
This document discusses the rapier loom and rapier weaving. It begins by defining a rapier loom as one that uses a rapier to pull the weft yarn across the loom. It can use a single or double rapier system. It then describes the key components and functioning of single and double rigid and flexible rapier systems. It also discusses different weft insertion principles like Dewas and Gabler systems as well as rapier drives, features of modern rapier looms, selvedge formation, weft insertion rates, and equations for calculating weaving production rates.
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Unconventional method of weft insertion
- 1. In The Name Of ALLAH, The Most Gracious,The Most Merciful.
- 2. Department of Textile Engineering Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro
- 3. METHOD OF WEFT INSERTION IN SHUTTLEES WEAVING MACHINES SHUTTLE LESS
- 4. 1) PROJECTILE(GRIPPER):- The picking action is accomplished by a small Bullet like Gripper(Projectile), which grips the weft yarn & carries it through the shed. Several gripper are normally used in the loom , while one is crossing the loom with the weft yarn, the others are return to the starting position. The return by conveyer chain.
- 5. DRAW BACK OF PROJECTILE:- The dragging of the weft yarn across a loom creates strain on the yarn so projectile loom are not suitable for weak yarn.
- 6. 2)RAPIER:- A Rapier loom use a Rapier to pull the weft yarn across the loom. For a single Rapier a long rapier device is required to extend across the full width of warp. Two rapier enter the shed from opposite side of loom & transfer the weft yarn from one rapier to another rapier near centre of loom. Double Rapier further divided into two categories 1) Flexible Rapier & 2) Rigid Rapier
- 8. 3) AIR JET ;- In this weft yarn across the loom by using high speed(compress) of air . Nozzle are used to insert the weft yarn into the shed. The Fabric width of Air Jet loom is normally narrower than Rapier or Projectile loom.
- 9. DRAW BACK;- Air jet loom cannot produce great variety of fabrics.
- 10. 4) WATER JET LOOM:- In this water is shoot under high force & with it a weft yarn. The force of water as it propelled across the shed cross the yarn to opposite side .. In water jet unit use vacuum suction & heat to remove water from the fabrics. Only use for Hydrophobic fibres.
- 12. ALWAYS REMEMBER ME IN YOUR PRAYERS…..