The document discusses care labels for textiles and the importance of including care instructions. It provides details on the standardized symbols used for care labels and their meaning, including symbols for washing, bleaching, drying, ironing and dry cleaning. Minimum information requirements for care labels are outlined, along with exemptions. Examples of care labels using the standard symbols are also given.
The document summarizes the Federal Trade Commission's Care Labeling Rule which requires manufacturers and importers to attach care instructions to clothing and some piece goods. The rule specifies who must comply, what items must be labeled, what information must be included on labels, requirements for labeling clothing and piece goods, exemptions to the rule, and potential violations.
The document discusses care labeling requirements for textiles in the United States. It provides details on the need for care labels, who is required to label textiles, and exemptions. It then describes the evolution of the US care labeling system from written instructions to a standardized system of care symbols developed by ASTM. Key points include:
- Care labels provide cleaning instructions to prevent damage to textiles
- Manufacturers and importers of textiles for consumers must provide labels
- The US approved a new system of care symbols in 1997 to standardize labels
- Symbols use dots and lines to modify basic cleaning method symbols
- Temporary tags are required to explain the symbol system to consumers
A proper care label provides full instructions for cleaning a garment using symbols specified by the HLCC and GINETEX standards. It must remain legible for the useful life of the garment and warn of any cleaning processes that could damage the garment. While care labels are voluntary, including one makes the cleaning instructions legally binding under UK law.
Care labels provide guidelines for cleaning garments and maintaining their appearance. They indicate the best procedures for a fabric's thread, decoration, and construction. Following the labels ensures garments remain in good condition after repeated cleaning. Care labels must be permanently attached and provide accurate, clear instructions in an internationally standardized format using symbols. The major systems are International, Japanese, Canadian, European, and American, with the International Association for Textile Care Labelling governing standards.
The document summarizes common apparel and textile care symbols. It explains the symbols for machine washing, dry/chemical cleaning, bleaching, tumble drying, natural drying, ironing, and wet cleaning. The symbols provide instructions on how items should be washed, dried, bleached, and cleaned to avoid damage. Following the care labels and symbols is important to properly maintain clothing and textiles.
At FashionTT's Fashion UPGRADE! Workshop, Violet Davis-Maurice addressed the importance of properly labelling garments for retail, both locally and internationally.
This document provides tips for properly caring for clothes, with an emphasis on reading care labels. It discusses sorting clothes by fabric type and color before washing to avoid damage. When washing, the care label should be read to determine the proper water temperature, cycle instructions, and load size. For drying, the care label will specify the ideal drying method and temperature to avoid wrinkling or shrinking. Following the care label instructions preserves the life of clothing and saves money on laundry costs.
The document summarizes the Federal Trade Commission's Care Labeling Rule which requires manufacturers and importers to attach care instructions to clothing and some piece goods. The rule specifies who must comply, what items must be labeled, what information must be included on labels, requirements for labeling clothing and piece goods, exemptions to the rule, and potential violations.
The document discusses care labeling requirements for textiles in the United States. It provides details on the need for care labels, who is required to label textiles, and exemptions. It then describes the evolution of the US care labeling system from written instructions to a standardized system of care symbols developed by ASTM. Key points include:
- Care labels provide cleaning instructions to prevent damage to textiles
- Manufacturers and importers of textiles for consumers must provide labels
- The US approved a new system of care symbols in 1997 to standardize labels
- Symbols use dots and lines to modify basic cleaning method symbols
- Temporary tags are required to explain the symbol system to consumers
A proper care label provides full instructions for cleaning a garment using symbols specified by the HLCC and GINETEX standards. It must remain legible for the useful life of the garment and warn of any cleaning processes that could damage the garment. While care labels are voluntary, including one makes the cleaning instructions legally binding under UK law.
Care labels provide guidelines for cleaning garments and maintaining their appearance. They indicate the best procedures for a fabric's thread, decoration, and construction. Following the labels ensures garments remain in good condition after repeated cleaning. Care labels must be permanently attached and provide accurate, clear instructions in an internationally standardized format using symbols. The major systems are International, Japanese, Canadian, European, and American, with the International Association for Textile Care Labelling governing standards.
The document summarizes common apparel and textile care symbols. It explains the symbols for machine washing, dry/chemical cleaning, bleaching, tumble drying, natural drying, ironing, and wet cleaning. The symbols provide instructions on how items should be washed, dried, bleached, and cleaned to avoid damage. Following the care labels and symbols is important to properly maintain clothing and textiles.
At FashionTT's Fashion UPGRADE! Workshop, Violet Davis-Maurice addressed the importance of properly labelling garments for retail, both locally and internationally.
This document provides tips for properly caring for clothes, with an emphasis on reading care labels. It discusses sorting clothes by fabric type and color before washing to avoid damage. When washing, the care label should be read to determine the proper water temperature, cycle instructions, and load size. For drying, the care label will specify the ideal drying method and temperature to avoid wrinkling or shrinking. Following the care label instructions preserves the life of clothing and saves money on laundry costs.
19- 24 SOME PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF CARE LABEL RECOMMENDATION OF APPAREL[1]Dr. Subrata Das
This document discusses testing procedures and evaluation methods for developing care label recommendations for apparel. It outlines various tests that should be performed on apparel samples, including washing, bleaching, drying, and dry cleaning tests. The tests are conducted under different conditions and the samples are evaluated based on standards. Based on the test results, appropriate care label symbols and instructions are determined. The recommended tests and evaluation criteria differ depending on whether the care label is being developed for the US market or European market.
This document provides guidelines for clothing care, including how to treat stains, methods for pressing or ironing clothes, proper storage, and understanding fabric care labels. It advises treating stains quickly to prevent setting them and lists options for stain removal like rinsing, soaking, or using bleach or pre-treaters. Pressing is described as a light touch-up with the iron while ironing involves treating the whole garment. Clothes should be stored on hangers or shelves to avoid wrinkles, with pockets emptied and closures fastened. Care labels are regulated and include standardized care code symbols to define washing and drying temperatures.
Clothing care tips include washing silk by hand or dry cleaning, not drying in sunlight, and ironing with low heat. Cotton should be machine or hand washed without soaking to prevent shrinkage and ironed at high heat. Denim can be hung in the bathroom before showers or frozen to remove odors and should avoid machine drying. Polyester should be dried at low heat and ironed at moderate temperatures.
washing and ironing, linens and fabricsJasonPinchard
The document provides instructions for laundering, ironing, and caring for various fabrics and linens. It discusses sorting clothes by color and soil level before washing. The washing process involves steps like flushing, breaking, sudsing, rinsing, and extracting. Different fabrics require specific care methods - for example, silk should be gently hand washed or dry cleaned. The document also outlines how to remove common stains and make repairs to fabrics. Proper ironing techniques are described, such as sprinkling fabrics with water before ironing and pressing embroidery designs.
Lets understand about different labels use in garment or textile productchandan kumar
This document discusses product labeling guidelines and requirements. It explains that labels are important for identifying fiber content, care instructions, and the brand/manufacturer. Various materials are used to make labels, including woven, embroidered, leather, printed, and PVC labels. Labels must provide certain key information like fiber content, care instructions, and country of origin. They are classified by purpose, such as brand labels, size labels, care labels, and batch labels. Strict laws regulate the information that must be included on care labels.
The document provides instructions on laundering clothes and linens. It discusses sorting clothes by color and soil level before washing. Proper washing involves separating lights and darks, pre-treating stains, and using the appropriate amount of detergent based on soil level. The steps of a basic wash cycle are outlined, and laundry equipment and supplies are described. Safety precautions for laundering are also mentioned.
At FashionTT's Fashion UPGRADE! Workshop, Violet Davis-Maurice provided great insight into creating garments that meet local and international standards.
1. The document discusses textile printing and finishing processes, including the significance, steps of textile printing, methods of printing, styles of printing, textile finishing, classification of finishing, textile mercerization, conditions of mercerization, waterproof finishing, and important water repellent finishes.
2. Key topics covered include the preparation of fabric for printing, making the print paste, applying the print, drying and steaming the printed fabric, and different printing methods like screen, roller, and digital printing.
3. Textile finishing aims to make fabrics suitable for their end use by making them shrink proof, softer, stiffer, water repellent or crease resistant, and important finishes
Care labels provide important instructions for caring for and cleaning textiles and fabrics to avoid damage. They can be either permanent labels that remain even after multiple washes, or temporary labels that are easily removed. Care labels include symbols that indicate whether items can be machine washed or require hand washing, dried, bleached, ironed, and professionally dry cleaned or wet cleaned. The labels provide guidance to consumers on proper care and cleaning of textiles.
This document provides information about dyeing finished garments. It discusses categories of garment dyeing, reasons for dyeing garments, selection of materials, dyes used for cotton garments, dyeing machines, processing machines, dyeing sequences for woven and knit garments, dyeing techniques, special chemicals, finishing processes, smart colorants, constraints of post-dyeing, recent developments, advantages and disadvantages of garment dyeing, comparison to fabric dyeing, problems that can occur, causes and effects of those problems, precautions to take before dyeing, and ways to avoid environmental hazards.
This document provides a training manual for laundry workers. It covers topics such as the objectives of laundry washing, dry cleaning processes, fibers, fabrics, water quality requirements, types of dirt, detergents, washing machines, and operating washing machines. The manual is intended to impart basic concepts about laundry washing and dry cleaning processes to laundry staff and provide a helpful resource for training.
Wet cleaning is an ecologically-friendly cleaning process that uses water as a solvent instead of traditional dry cleaning solvents. It can clean between 70-80% of items in dry cleaners. The wet cleaning process involves separating clothes by category, pre-treating stains, washing with low water levels and speeds in a washer-extractor, then drying in a tumble dryer designed for gentleness. The washer-extractor and dryer must have precise controls for temperature, mechanical action, water levels, speeds, and drying time to gently clean and finish fabrics without damage or excess wrinkles. This allows wet cleaning to be an efficient and versatile process.
The document discusses linen, including what it is made from, different types of weaves, and criteria for selecting linen. It also discusses establishing par levels for linens in hotels. When establishing par levels, the executive housekeeper needs to consider the laundry cycle, replacement of damaged linens, and emergency stock. A total of five par levels of linens should be maintained through regular inventory counts to ensure adequate stock levels.
Wet processing is the treatment of textiles using water and involves three main divisions: pretreatment, coloring, and finishing. Pretreatment prepares fabrics for dyeing and printing by removing impurities. Coloring includes dyeing and printing to add color. Finishing makes fabrics suitable for the market by adding properties like anti-creasing. The typical wet processing sequence involves preparatory steps like desizing and scouring, followed by bleaching and dyeing/printing, and ending with washing and finishing. Key terms related to wet processing like grey fabric, stitching, and mercerizing are also defined.
This document discusses the finishing and packaging process for apparel manufacturing. It describes 11 functions in the finishing section including thread trimming, checking garments, button attaching, stain removal, repair work, ironing, folding, tagging, and packing garments. It outlines 5 types of packing in the finishing section such as stand up, flat, hanger, semi stand up, and half fold packing. Finally, it lists 4 types of carton packing including solid color solid pack, solid color assorted size pack, assorted color solid size pack, and assorted color assorted size pack.
This document discusses the laundry process for hotels and other establishments. It begins by explaining the importance of having clean linen available continuously. It then discusses the advantages and disadvantages of having an on-site laundry versus outsourcing laundry. The main body of the document details the various steps in the laundry process, including collection, sorting, weighing, washing, rinsing, hydro-extraction, and unloading. It provides details on how each step is performed and factors to consider like water temperature, detergent amounts, and machine settings.
This document describes the key steps and processes involved in commercial laundry operations, including:
1) Collecting soiled linen from rooms and sorting items based on degree of soiling, color, and fabric type to efficiently clean different materials.
2) Using washers, dryers, ironing machines, and folders to clean, dry, press, and finish linen items. A variety of chemicals are added to water in the washing process to aid in soil removal and disinfection.
3) Ensuring linen is properly cleaned, rinsed, slightly moist, and free of wrinkles before folding and returning to rooms. Large properties benefit from automated folding machines for productivity.
The document discusses the responsibilities and procedures for guest laundry in a hotel. Guest laundry must be picked up, laundered, and returned to guests on time. Soiled clothes are placed in laundry bags by guests and collected, then washed, dried, or dry cleaned as requested. Clean items and any items found in pockets are returned along with a bill sent to the front office. The document also provides guidelines for evaluating clean linen quality and minimizing wrinkles by properly handling linen through each step of the washing and drying process.
The Linen and Laundry Section is responsible for processing all laundry service requests, including guest laundry, employee uniforms, and linen for banquets. It offers both in-house and contract laundry services. The section employs personnel to perform various laundry tasks like picking up and delivering guest laundry, sorting and labeling items, washing and drying, ironing, steam pressing, dry cleaning, recording and storing linen, and mending clothes.
Furcraea is a natural fiber that grows on the leaves of the fique plant. It is soft, flexible, white and lengthy. The document discusses the extraction process of furcraea fiber from the leaves of the plant. It also details the fiber's characteristics, such as having a cellulose content of 80% and lignin content of 18%. Additionally, the document outlines potential uses of furcraea fiber including for packing, ropes, tapestry, handbags and more. It concludes that furcraea fiber is a promising resource that can be further exploited for various applications.
The document discusses textiles and textile-based composites used in marine applications. It outlines various fibers like glass, carbon, and Kevlar that provide properties suitable for marine environments like UV and abrasion resistance. It describes uses of composites in boat hulls, sails, and other structures to reduce weight while improving strength. Various tests are needed to ensure marine textiles can withstand conditions like water exposure, microbes, and flames. A wide range of textile applications in the marine industry are discussed from ropes and nets to upholstery and safety gear.
19- 24 SOME PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF CARE LABEL RECOMMENDATION OF APPAREL[1]Dr. Subrata Das
This document discusses testing procedures and evaluation methods for developing care label recommendations for apparel. It outlines various tests that should be performed on apparel samples, including washing, bleaching, drying, and dry cleaning tests. The tests are conducted under different conditions and the samples are evaluated based on standards. Based on the test results, appropriate care label symbols and instructions are determined. The recommended tests and evaluation criteria differ depending on whether the care label is being developed for the US market or European market.
This document provides guidelines for clothing care, including how to treat stains, methods for pressing or ironing clothes, proper storage, and understanding fabric care labels. It advises treating stains quickly to prevent setting them and lists options for stain removal like rinsing, soaking, or using bleach or pre-treaters. Pressing is described as a light touch-up with the iron while ironing involves treating the whole garment. Clothes should be stored on hangers or shelves to avoid wrinkles, with pockets emptied and closures fastened. Care labels are regulated and include standardized care code symbols to define washing and drying temperatures.
Clothing care tips include washing silk by hand or dry cleaning, not drying in sunlight, and ironing with low heat. Cotton should be machine or hand washed without soaking to prevent shrinkage and ironed at high heat. Denim can be hung in the bathroom before showers or frozen to remove odors and should avoid machine drying. Polyester should be dried at low heat and ironed at moderate temperatures.
washing and ironing, linens and fabricsJasonPinchard
The document provides instructions for laundering, ironing, and caring for various fabrics and linens. It discusses sorting clothes by color and soil level before washing. The washing process involves steps like flushing, breaking, sudsing, rinsing, and extracting. Different fabrics require specific care methods - for example, silk should be gently hand washed or dry cleaned. The document also outlines how to remove common stains and make repairs to fabrics. Proper ironing techniques are described, such as sprinkling fabrics with water before ironing and pressing embroidery designs.
Lets understand about different labels use in garment or textile productchandan kumar
This document discusses product labeling guidelines and requirements. It explains that labels are important for identifying fiber content, care instructions, and the brand/manufacturer. Various materials are used to make labels, including woven, embroidered, leather, printed, and PVC labels. Labels must provide certain key information like fiber content, care instructions, and country of origin. They are classified by purpose, such as brand labels, size labels, care labels, and batch labels. Strict laws regulate the information that must be included on care labels.
The document provides instructions on laundering clothes and linens. It discusses sorting clothes by color and soil level before washing. Proper washing involves separating lights and darks, pre-treating stains, and using the appropriate amount of detergent based on soil level. The steps of a basic wash cycle are outlined, and laundry equipment and supplies are described. Safety precautions for laundering are also mentioned.
At FashionTT's Fashion UPGRADE! Workshop, Violet Davis-Maurice provided great insight into creating garments that meet local and international standards.
1. The document discusses textile printing and finishing processes, including the significance, steps of textile printing, methods of printing, styles of printing, textile finishing, classification of finishing, textile mercerization, conditions of mercerization, waterproof finishing, and important water repellent finishes.
2. Key topics covered include the preparation of fabric for printing, making the print paste, applying the print, drying and steaming the printed fabric, and different printing methods like screen, roller, and digital printing.
3. Textile finishing aims to make fabrics suitable for their end use by making them shrink proof, softer, stiffer, water repellent or crease resistant, and important finishes
Care labels provide important instructions for caring for and cleaning textiles and fabrics to avoid damage. They can be either permanent labels that remain even after multiple washes, or temporary labels that are easily removed. Care labels include symbols that indicate whether items can be machine washed or require hand washing, dried, bleached, ironed, and professionally dry cleaned or wet cleaned. The labels provide guidance to consumers on proper care and cleaning of textiles.
This document provides information about dyeing finished garments. It discusses categories of garment dyeing, reasons for dyeing garments, selection of materials, dyes used for cotton garments, dyeing machines, processing machines, dyeing sequences for woven and knit garments, dyeing techniques, special chemicals, finishing processes, smart colorants, constraints of post-dyeing, recent developments, advantages and disadvantages of garment dyeing, comparison to fabric dyeing, problems that can occur, causes and effects of those problems, precautions to take before dyeing, and ways to avoid environmental hazards.
This document provides a training manual for laundry workers. It covers topics such as the objectives of laundry washing, dry cleaning processes, fibers, fabrics, water quality requirements, types of dirt, detergents, washing machines, and operating washing machines. The manual is intended to impart basic concepts about laundry washing and dry cleaning processes to laundry staff and provide a helpful resource for training.
Wet cleaning is an ecologically-friendly cleaning process that uses water as a solvent instead of traditional dry cleaning solvents. It can clean between 70-80% of items in dry cleaners. The wet cleaning process involves separating clothes by category, pre-treating stains, washing with low water levels and speeds in a washer-extractor, then drying in a tumble dryer designed for gentleness. The washer-extractor and dryer must have precise controls for temperature, mechanical action, water levels, speeds, and drying time to gently clean and finish fabrics without damage or excess wrinkles. This allows wet cleaning to be an efficient and versatile process.
The document discusses linen, including what it is made from, different types of weaves, and criteria for selecting linen. It also discusses establishing par levels for linens in hotels. When establishing par levels, the executive housekeeper needs to consider the laundry cycle, replacement of damaged linens, and emergency stock. A total of five par levels of linens should be maintained through regular inventory counts to ensure adequate stock levels.
Wet processing is the treatment of textiles using water and involves three main divisions: pretreatment, coloring, and finishing. Pretreatment prepares fabrics for dyeing and printing by removing impurities. Coloring includes dyeing and printing to add color. Finishing makes fabrics suitable for the market by adding properties like anti-creasing. The typical wet processing sequence involves preparatory steps like desizing and scouring, followed by bleaching and dyeing/printing, and ending with washing and finishing. Key terms related to wet processing like grey fabric, stitching, and mercerizing are also defined.
This document discusses the finishing and packaging process for apparel manufacturing. It describes 11 functions in the finishing section including thread trimming, checking garments, button attaching, stain removal, repair work, ironing, folding, tagging, and packing garments. It outlines 5 types of packing in the finishing section such as stand up, flat, hanger, semi stand up, and half fold packing. Finally, it lists 4 types of carton packing including solid color solid pack, solid color assorted size pack, assorted color solid size pack, and assorted color assorted size pack.
This document discusses the laundry process for hotels and other establishments. It begins by explaining the importance of having clean linen available continuously. It then discusses the advantages and disadvantages of having an on-site laundry versus outsourcing laundry. The main body of the document details the various steps in the laundry process, including collection, sorting, weighing, washing, rinsing, hydro-extraction, and unloading. It provides details on how each step is performed and factors to consider like water temperature, detergent amounts, and machine settings.
This document describes the key steps and processes involved in commercial laundry operations, including:
1) Collecting soiled linen from rooms and sorting items based on degree of soiling, color, and fabric type to efficiently clean different materials.
2) Using washers, dryers, ironing machines, and folders to clean, dry, press, and finish linen items. A variety of chemicals are added to water in the washing process to aid in soil removal and disinfection.
3) Ensuring linen is properly cleaned, rinsed, slightly moist, and free of wrinkles before folding and returning to rooms. Large properties benefit from automated folding machines for productivity.
The document discusses the responsibilities and procedures for guest laundry in a hotel. Guest laundry must be picked up, laundered, and returned to guests on time. Soiled clothes are placed in laundry bags by guests and collected, then washed, dried, or dry cleaned as requested. Clean items and any items found in pockets are returned along with a bill sent to the front office. The document also provides guidelines for evaluating clean linen quality and minimizing wrinkles by properly handling linen through each step of the washing and drying process.
The Linen and Laundry Section is responsible for processing all laundry service requests, including guest laundry, employee uniforms, and linen for banquets. It offers both in-house and contract laundry services. The section employs personnel to perform various laundry tasks like picking up and delivering guest laundry, sorting and labeling items, washing and drying, ironing, steam pressing, dry cleaning, recording and storing linen, and mending clothes.
Furcraea is a natural fiber that grows on the leaves of the fique plant. It is soft, flexible, white and lengthy. The document discusses the extraction process of furcraea fiber from the leaves of the plant. It also details the fiber's characteristics, such as having a cellulose content of 80% and lignin content of 18%. Additionally, the document outlines potential uses of furcraea fiber including for packing, ropes, tapestry, handbags and more. It concludes that furcraea fiber is a promising resource that can be further exploited for various applications.
The document discusses textiles and textile-based composites used in marine applications. It outlines various fibers like glass, carbon, and Kevlar that provide properties suitable for marine environments like UV and abrasion resistance. It describes uses of composites in boat hulls, sails, and other structures to reduce weight while improving strength. Various tests are needed to ensure marine textiles can withstand conditions like water exposure, microbes, and flames. A wide range of textile applications in the marine industry are discussed from ropes and nets to upholstery and safety gear.
The document discusses milk protein fabric, which is made from skimmed milk. It contains 15 types of amino acids that nourish the skin. The fabric is hygroscopic, allowing it to absorb moisture. It has properties like being comfortable, breathable, resistant to aging and microorganisms. While the fabric benefits skin, it also has some drawbacks like needing to be ironed after washing and having low durability. The document envisions milk protein fiber becoming a popular sustainable fabric for applications like clothing, bedding, and sportswear due to its skin-friendly properties.
Thermal bonding involves heating polymer fibers to partially melt them, allowing the chain segments to diffuse across the fiber-fiber interface when pressed together. Upon cooling, the chain segments resolidify and become trapped at the interface, bonding the fibers together. Heat can be applied through hot calendar rollers or blown hot air. Different polymers have different melting temperatures suitable for thermal bonding applications.
Needle punching is a mechanical process that uses barbed needles to reposition fibers from a horizontal to a vertical orientation in fiber webs. The needle penetration penetrates the web, interlocking the fibers and increasing fiber orientation and fabric strength. Key parameters that affect the needle punching process include fiber and web properties, needle penetration depth, punch density, needle arrangement, and the direction of needling passes. Needle punching is used to manufacture nonwoven fabrics for applications like shoe felts, blankets, automotive insulation, carpet backing, and composites.
The document discusses coated fabrics and their various applications. It provides information on different coating materials like polyurethanes, polyvinylchloride, and rubber. It also describes coating methods like direct coating, spray coating, and calendar coating. Various fiber types and their advantages/disadvantages for coating are listed. End uses of coated fabrics in applications like protective clothing, tents, and rainwear are mentioned. Testing standards and properties evaluated for coated materials are also summarized.
This document discusses different types of shuttleless looms. It classifies shuttleless looms into three categories: partially guided solid carrier looms like projectile looms; fully guided solid carrier looms like rapier looms; and fluid carrier looms like air jet and water jet looms. Projectile looms use small projectiles to carry the weft yarn through the shed, rapier looms use fork-like rapiers, and fluid carrier looms use compressed air or water to propel the weft yarn. Shuttleless looms are faster, quieter, and produce better fabric quality than shuttle looms.
Jacquard fabrics are complex patterned fabrics created using jacquard looms or knitting machines. There are several types of jacquard fabrics including brocade, damask, French jacquard, poly x catonic jacquard, jacquard nets, velour jacquard, blackout fabrics, and matelasse. Jacquard fabrics can be used for clothing, home decor, upholstery, and more. The jacquard loom was invented in 1801 and allowed for intricate patterns through individually controlled warp threads. Modern jacquard looms are computer controlled and can produce large intricate patterns without repeats.
Leveling agents are chemicals that help promote even dye distribution on fabrics during dyeing. They work by slowing the initial dye uptake to allow more uniform absorption over time. Leveling agents are classified as anionic, cationic, or non-ionic depending on their ionic nature, and include compounds like fatty acids, alcohols, and alkyl aryl sulphonates. Their effectiveness is tested by measuring factors like strike percentage and active content to evaluate uniformity. Careful selection of leveling agent type and concentration is needed to control dye exhaustion for consistent color without compromising yield.
Textiles In Aircraft by Vignesh Dhanabalan, Published in Asian Textile Journa...Vignesh Dhanabalan
The document discusses the use of composite materials like carbon fiber in aerospace applications. It notes that the Boeing 787 aircraft in 2006 consisted of 50% carbon fiber by weight. Carbon fiber composites provide benefits like reduced weight, enhanced comfort, insulation, resistance to temperature extremes and water/fuels. They are 20-50% lighter than traditional materials like steel. Some common applications of composites mentioned include aircraft components, seats, seatbelts, tires, rocket blades, fuel tanks and more. The document also discusses stealth technologies used in military aircraft through the use of radar-absorbent materials and shape design.
The document discusses various types of medical textiles including their applications and fabric structures. It covers implantable materials like surgical sutures, dressings, vascular grafts and artificial joints as well as non-implantable extracorporeal devices. It also discusses healthcare and hygiene products like surgical gowns, diapers and their key properties. The document provides classifications and examples of different medical textiles used for various applications.
Sizing is done to protect yarn from abrasion and improve its breaking strength, smoothness, and elasticity. It also decreases static electricity and hairiness. The optimal add-on percentage protects the yarn adequately without compromising flexibility. Size paste contains essential ingredients like starch, binders, wetting agents, and secondary additives. The uptake percentage and sizing type (pure, light, medium, heavy) depend on fiber type and yarn properties. Sizing benefits include reduced abrasion and static, but disadvantages include added cost, processing time, and stiffness.
1. Multiphase weaving machines operate using either the warp direction shed wave principle or the weft direction shed wave principle to open multiple sheds simultaneously and insert weft yarn in multiple locations at once.
2. This allows multiphase looms to achieve 3 to 4 times higher productivity compared to single-phase looms when weaving simple standard fabrics.
3. Key components of multiphase looms include shed forming elements to open sheds in waves across the loom width, weft insertion using compressed air, and beat-up combs to consolidate the fabric.
The document discusses agro textiles, which are textile materials used in agriculture. It describes how agro textiles are used in sectors like agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and fishing. Some key agro textile products discussed include shade nets, anti-bird nets, anti-hail nets, harvesting nets, wind protection nets, greenhouse covers, weed control fabric, and tree shelters. The document also examines factors influencing agro textiles like sunlight, water, and climate conditions. It analyzes the Indian agriculture industry and reasons for its low productivity, and argues for more government intervention and organization of the sector to boost agro textile usage.
This document discusses agro textiles and their applications. It describes that agro textiles are used in horticulture, farming, and agricultural activities to provide benefits like enhanced quality, higher yields, fewer damages, and bearable losses. It then lists some common fiber materials used in agro textiles, including nylon, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, jute, and wool. The document goes on to discuss key properties required of agro textiles like weather resistance, resistance to microorganisms, stable construction, and being lightweight. It provides examples of applications for agro textiles such as hail protection fabrics, wind protection fabrics, shade fabrics, insect repellent fabrics, harvesting aids,
The document discusses the rapier loom weaving process. A rapier loom uses a rapier device to pull the weft yarn across the loom. It can use a single rapier or double rapier system. In a single rapier loom, a long rigid rapier extends across the full width. In a double rapier loom, two rapiers enter from opposite sides and transfer the weft between them in the center. The document describes different types of rapier systems including rigid, flexible, telescopic, and their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses weft insertion methods like tip transfer and loop transfer systems.
This document provides calculations for weaving fabrics. It outlines formulas to calculate fabric weight based on warp and weft density, count, and crimp percentage. It also describes classifications of fabric weights from sheer to heavy. Additional sections explain how to find yarn count and crimp percentage, calculate weft consumption per pick and shift, and determine weft carrier velocity. The document is authored by Vignesh Dhanabalan and provides contact information.
The care label provides important information about a garment, including the size, care instructions, country of origin, brand name, fiber content, style number, and supplier code. It protects the buyer's brand name and includes details about the garment's construction.
The American Reusable Textile Association shares how the textile service industry can further green its operations and promote the environmental benefits of its service and products — providing reusable textiles to the heatlhcare, hospitality and manufacturing industries.
Brands and retailers are focusing on flexibility, quality, environmental performance, and innovation to increase perceptions of value for consumers. This translates to specific machinery needs for manufacturers: 1) Flexible machines for fast fashion, 2) Higher quality machines to meet consumer demand for lasting products, 3) Energy efficient machines to lower environmental impact and costs, 4) Machines that can integrate new technologies like wearables, made-to-measure, and waterless dyeing. As value perceptions evolve, dialogue across the supply chain is important to meet changing machinery demands.
Lean manufacturing tools for garment industryAzmir Latif Beg
Lean manufacturing is a unified, compressive set of philosophies, rules, guidelines, tools, and techniques for improving and optimizing discrete process.
Lean is a production practice that creates more value with less work by eliminating sources of waste.
Adoption of Policies Required for The Development of Sustainable Apparel Productsazzadahmed
The document is a 24-page assignment on policies required for developing sustainable apparel products. It includes an abstract, table of contents, and sections on literature review, worker compliance, and minimizing costs while maximizing profits. The literature review discusses definitions of sustainable products and eco-friendly manufacturing. It also examines various compliance standards and criteria that must be followed to ensure sustainable product development, such as using eco-friendly materials and processes.
A growing consciousness to become fit and healthy is fueling the growth of the activewear textile market in India. A.T.E. provides the entire range of activewear manufacturing solutions covering warp knitting and processing from leading manufacturers around the world including KARL MAYER, Fong's, Goller, Monforts, Then, Zimmer, ColorService, Mahlo, and more. Click on the link to find out more.
The company aims to launch a new waterless washing machine by the end of the year, targeting first the commercial sector. The machine uses nylon beads that attract and diffuse stains without using much water or electricity. It is expected to save 90% water and 30% electricity compared to traditional machines. The company will target commercial customers like hotels and laundries who will benefit most from the cost savings.
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Home / Technical Review / Care labels: a need of the day
Care labels: a need of the day
Laga S.K. Vignesh Dhanabalan and Joshi Rashmi M.
D.K.T.E.S Textile & Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji-416115(M.H), India
Email: swapan.laga@gmail.com,vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com,
xpress.joshi99@gmail.com
Issue » March, 2014 Volume 07, Issue 03 Print this News
Abstract
Labeling of textiles is an important aspect to provide required information to the
distributer, buyer and consumer about the product. However, labeling
requirements do not apply until the products are ready for sale to the
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consumers. Labeling of textiles normally include the measurements, fibre
content, care instructions, country of origin and manufacturer’s identification.
Different law labels, flammability tags and safety tags are also attached
depending upon the product and they gives adequate additional information to
the consumers prior to purchase to take necessary precautions. This type of
labeling will protect consumers against misrepresentation in labeling and
advertising of textile fibre products and enable consumers to choose textile on
the basis of fibre content. In this paper, we have emphasized the care label
information with respect to washing, bleaching drying, ironing and dry cleaning
of textile goods.
Keywords: Bars,Bleach, Dots, Dry, Dry Clean, Iron, Warning, Wash
1. Introduction
Care label means a permanent label or tag, containing regular care information
and instructions, that is attached in such a manner that it will not become
separated from the product and will remain legible during the useful life of the
product.
(a). Basic care label symbols
As a minimum, laundering instructions include four symbols – washing,
bleaching, drying and ironing. Dry cleaning instructions include one symbol. The
basic five symbols are:
(b) Order of the care label symbols
For apparel that needs to be laundered, at least four symbols must be used and
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they must appear in the following order – washing, bleaching, drying and
ironing. If there is evidence that dry cleaning will damage the item and one
wishes to warm against it, one should add the “do not dry clean” symbol last. If
dry cleaning is the suggested care, only the dry cleaning symbol with any
appropriate additions needs to be used. Following orders can be used:
2. Representation of symbols
2.1 Dot (s) in symbol
Dot(s) added to the symbol indicates increasing heat or temperature. Dot(s) must
be used to indicate the temperature. Dot(s) is in addition to the three symbols
like
For example:
2.2 Bar(s) under the basic symbol
Bar(s) under to a basic care symbol means minus or reduced action or treatment.
Mild treatment – A bar [ _ ] under the symbol means that the treatment
should be more mild than indicated by the same symbol without a bar i.e.
reduced agitation. It is also referred as “permanent press cycle/setting”.
Very mild treatment – A double bar [ = ] under the symbol describes a very
mild process e.g. much reduced agitation. It is also referred as
V isit U s
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mild process e.g. much reduced agitation. It is also referred as
“gentle/delicate setting”.
For example:
2.3 Dot(s) and Bars(s) added together
Many times both Dot(s) and Bar(s) are added to the same symbol depending
upon the type of care instruction to be conveyed.
For example:
2.4 “X” Over symbol
This is a warning symbol i.e. treatment not permitted.
For example, an “X” over the wash symbol means “do not wash”. Other examples
are also given below:
Warning
3. Representation of treatment
3.1 Care symbols for washing
Washing is the process designed to clean textile articles in an
aqueous bath.
Washtub symbol represents the domestic washing treatment (by hand or
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machine). It is used to convey information regarding the maximum washing
temperature and the maximum washing process severity.
Table No 1: Washing care symbols
Minimum washing instructions
At a minimum, a washing instruction would include a method of washing and a
method of drying, like “Machine wash. Tumble dry”. This means that the product
can be machine washed and tumble dried at any temperature, that ironing is not
necessary, that any type of bleach can be used, and that no warnings are
required. Thus, all elements of a proper washing instruction would have to be
considered washing, drying, ironing, bleaching and warnings.
3.2 Care symbols for bleaching
Bleaching is the process carried out in an aqueous medium, before, during or
after washing, requiring the use of an oxidizing agent including either chlorine
or oxygen/non-chlorine products, for the purpose of improving soil and stain
removal and improving whiteness.
The triangle symbol represents the bleaching process.
Table 2: Bleaching care symbols
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3.3 Care symbols for drying
Drying is the process carried out on textile articles after washing to remove
excess water (or moisture).
Drying process is of two types
Natural drying
Natural drying is the process carried out on textile articles after
washing, with the intention of removing residual water by line
drying or drip drying or drying flat in the sun or in the shade. Square symbol
represents the natural drying process. Additional symbolization within the
square represents the specific natural drying process.
Tumble drying
Tumble drying after washing is the process carried out on
textile articles after washing, with the intention of removing
residual water by treatment with hot air in a rotating drum. The circle in square
symbol represents tumble drying after washing process and the maximum
temperature setting is being indicated by dot(s) placed within the symbol.
Table 3: Natural drying symbols
Table 4: Tumble drying symbol
3.4 Care symbols for ironing
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The ironing and pressing is the process carried out on textile article to restore its
shape and appearance by means of an appropriate appliance using heat,
pressure and possibly steam.
The iron symbol represents the domestic ironing and pressing process, with or
without steam.
Table 5: Iron care symbols
3.5 care symbols for dry cleaning
Dry cleaning is the process for cleaning textile articles by
means of treatment in any solvent (excluding water) normally
used for dry cleaning by professions. The circle symbol represents the dry
cleaning and wet cleaning process for textile articles (excluding genuine leather
and furs) carried out by “professional textile care” process.
Table 6: Dry cleaning care symbols
Letters A, P and F in the circle refer to the solvents which may be used by dry
cleaners.
4. Textile and apparel to be labeled
4.1 Information required on the care Label
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Care labels for textile wearing apparel must provide either washing or dry
cleaning instructions. Only one safe method of care is required to be provided
regardless of the number of other safe methods that could also be used.
It is important to note that the manufacturer is not required to include
information about other care procedures that may not be safe.
Care label must also warn about any part of a prescribed that is reasonably
excepted to be used that could harm the garment.
In European Union and Switzerland, following requirements are sought:
Mandatory requirement
Size
Fibre content
Care labeling/washing instructions
Voluntary requirements
Origin marking
Brand or product name
Other consumer information
In USA, Federal Trade commission requires that imported and domestic textile
products such as wedding gowns be attached with care labels. For example
following four pieces of information must be there on the wedding gown label.
Wedding gown labels must contain four pieces information:
The identify of any one business in the distribution channel
The manufacturer
The manufacturer’s registered identification Number (RN), which is issued to
companies in the U.S. and registered by the FTC.
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The retail store’s name or RN.
The RN or business name of any other company in the U.S. directly involved
in the distribution of the gown.
The label showing the name RN may be sewn-in or attached as a hang tag.
Either way, it must be conspicuously placed.
100% Silk Dry clean only RN 00001
Garment’s fibre content
65% Polyester 35% Silk
Country of origin
The imported wedding gowns must identify the country where they were
processed or manufactured –
Gowns made entirely in the U.S. of materials also made in the U.S. must be
labeled “Made in U.S.A. or an equivalent phrase.
Gowns made in the U.S. of imported materials must be labeled to show the
processing or manufacturing that takes place in the U.S., as well as the
imported component.
Gowns manufactured partly in the U.S. and partly abroad must identify both
aspects.
If a gown is imported, the country- of origin label must be sewn in to comply
with U.S. Customs Service requirements. If a gown is made in the U.S. – of
either imported or domestic fabric –the country of origin information can be
sewn in or placed on a hang-tag. In any case, the country-of-origin disclosure
must be placed as close as possible to centre of the neck.
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Care instructions
The care label must identify –
At least one safe cleaning method either washing or dry cleaning and any
necessary warnings about the cleaning method.
Example: If the care instruction is to dry-clean, the label must satisfy one type of
solvent that may be used, unless all commercially available types of solvents can
be used safely on the gown.
Example: If the gown is labeled for washing, the label must say whether any step
of the normal washing process- washing, bleaching, drying, or ironing could
harm the garment or other items cleaned with it.
4.2 Information not required on care label symbols
Exempted apparel:
Footwear, gloves and hats, or other articles used exclusively to cover or
protect the head.
Excluded items:
Neckties, belts and other apparel items not used to cover or protect parts of
the body.
Non-woven garments specially prepared for one-time use and do not require
ordinary care.
Leather and suede are exempt, as well as household articles.
Garments sold to institutional buyers for commercial use.
Disposable garments.
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A few textile articles do not require a permanently affixed care label, but care
instructions must be provided.
Totally reversible apparel without pockets.
Textile articles that can be washed and dry-cleaned by the strongest
possible method without harm.
Apparel where a label would harm its appearance.
International standards on care labels
ISO 3758: 2005
ASTM D5489
Efforts are being made to establish a harmonized care symbols among Europe,
Asia and the US. Working teams have come to an agreement on a single symbol
set that will accomplish the objectives of ISO 3758 and ASTM D5489 that satisfies
the needs of European, American and Asian manufacturers and their consumers.
The proposed harmonized symbol set is basically the current ASTM symbols with
minor changes.
4.4 Size and colour of care label
Care label symbols do not have to be a specific size. But they do have to meet the
existing Care Label Rule requirements of legibility. Of course, it is important to
keep in mind, that failure to print legible care symbols may be considered an
unfair or deceptive practice and result in civil penalties.
The care symbols do not have to be a particular color. However, coloured
symbols may also be used for conveying specific instructions like:
In case, care symbol is in RED, it means “DO NOT” (like when symbol is
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marked with “X”)
In case, care symbol is in YELLOW, it means “WITH CARE”
In case, care symbol is in GREEN, it means “OK”
In case care symbol is in BLACK, there is no significance of colour only
symbol itself convey the meaning of instructions.
4.5 Use of additional words with the symbols
The use of other additional words may be necessary where any part of the
prescribed regular care procedure, which the consumer or professional cleaner
could reasonably be expected to use, would harm the product or others being
cleaned with it.
The number of additional words in the table should be kept to a minimum.
Examples are shown in below
Table 7:Examples of additional wording
remove…before washing Professional leather clean only
Wash separately No optical brighteners
Wash with like colours Use wash net
Wash before use Do not steam
Wash inside out Steam only
Do not wring or twist Do not soak
Damp type only Steam iron recommended
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Do not add fabric conditioner Dry away from direct heat
Remove promptly Reshape whilst damp
Iron reverse side only Line Dry
Do not iron decoration Reshape and dry flat
Dry flat Dry away from the sun
4.6 Examples of care labels
100% COTTON MACHINE WASH IN
COLD WATER TUMBLE DRY LOW
REMOVE PROMPTLY
100% COTTON MACHINE WASH LUKE
WARM WATER DO NOT
BLEACHTUMBLE DRY COOL IRON
100% SILK DRY CLEAN ONLY MADE
IN USA
HAND WASH COLD LINE DRY, MAY BE
DRY CLEANED
5. Conclusions
The care label contains information on how to take care of the apparel. The
beautiful textile materials can be deteriorated due to exposure to the specific
environment and conditions such as washing, drying, ironing, bleaching and dry
cleaning. Thus it has been imperative to have care label on apparels so as to
retain their original properties. Care label is vital to consumer to the extent that
it may influence the purchase decision. There are several standards of care label
like Canadian, Australian, European, American and alike. Depending on the
country we should follow the standard of care label.
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6. Bibliography
Noemia D’souza, Fabric Care, New Age International Publication.
Subrata Das, Performance of Home Textiles, Woodhead publishing India in
Textiles.
http://www.fabriclink.com/Care/Caresymbols.cfm retrieved on 25th Dec 2013.
Chris Tebbs, Care Labeling The Future, retrieved on 25th Dec 2013
http://www.textileaffairs.com/c-common.htmbrowsed on 26th Dec 2013
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