Smart textiles that can regulate temperature, absorb impact, and adapt to environmental conditions are increasingly being used in sportswear. Phase change materials (PCMs) that absorb and release heat at specific temperatures are well-suited for this. PCMs like paraffin waxes and hydrated salts can be encapsulated and incorporated into textiles. When the body temperature rises above the PCM's melting point, it absorbs heat, and when the temperature falls below the crystallization point, it releases heat. This helps regulate an athlete's temperature. PCM-treated fabrics have been shown to delay temperature increases and reduce heat stress. Other smart materials like shape memory alloys are also being used in sports equipment and clothing
This document discusses medical textiles, which combine textile technology and medical sciences. Medical textiles are a fast-growing sector of technical textiles and include woven, knitted, and nonwoven fabrics used in a variety of surgical procedures. The textiles are made from materials like monofilament and multifilament yarns. They must meet requirements like biocompatibility, dimensional stability, and resistance to microorganisms. Examples of medical textile applications include artificial kidneys, livers, and lungs that use hollow fibers to filter waste or gases from the blood. Other medical textile products discussed are bandages, sutures, implants, and fabrics used for wound care, hygiene, casts, and
Sporttech deals with textile materials used for sports and leisure purposes. There has been a huge increase in sports participation globally over the last 15 years. This has led to the development of specialized sportswear to meet the needs of different sports. Sportswear fabrics must regulate heat and moisture, dry quickly, be breathable, durable, and lightweight. Common materials include polyester, nylon, cotton, and lycra. Key classifications of sportech include sportswear, sports accessories like nets and turfs, and sports goods like balls, racquets, and shoes.
Sport tech, also known as sports textiles or technical textiles for sports, refers to textile materials used for sports and leisure purposes, mainly in sportswear, shoes, and accessories. Traditional cotton fabrics were replaced by synthetic fibers with properties like moisture wicking, breathability, and stretch. These fabrics must withstand stresses from activities while keeping athletes dry and comfortable. New developments include smart fabrics with sensors and phase change materials. The global sportswear market was worth $126 billion in 2015 and continues to grow. Common fibers used include polyester, nylon, spandex and cotton. Major brands include Nike, Adidas, and Puma.
This document provides information about a student project on medical textiles completed by Shubham Singh and Srishti Kumari. It includes a certificate signed by their mentor Jalpa Vanikar certifying their work. The document then acknowledges those who supported and guided the project. It introduces the topic of medical textiles and provides an index of topics that will be covered in the project report.
The document discusses technical textiles, which are textile materials manufactured primarily for their technical and performance properties rather than their aesthetic or decorative characteristics. It describes how technical textiles are used in a wide variety of applications across multiple industries, including agriculture, construction, clothing, infrastructure, transportation, medical care, packaging, protection, cleaning, and more. Technical textiles incorporate a diverse range of raw materials and production processes to enable their varied functional uses.
This document provides an overview of sports textiles. It was submitted by four students to their professor and outlines the introduction, technical aspects, properties required, raw materials, manufacturing techniques, heat and moisture mechanisms, trade names, manufacturers, and applications of sportswear fabrics. The presentation covers the important functions and requirements of fabrics for different sports and how various synthetic and natural fibers are used in sportswear manufacturing.
SPORTS TEXTILE: Key Trends in Design & Materials and Its Specific Applications.ANJUSREE9
New product developments in sportswear not only make garments look and fit better, they also help athletes perform better. Many of these require uses of new or specialist technology within the manufacture of the garments, not just the materials they were made from. Final consumption of sports goods is currently highest in developed economies. However, both the production and consumption of sports textiles is expected to grow most quickly in the medium to long term in developing countries where living standards and lifestyles are changing fastest.
Presented by: Anju A L, M Phil Scholar in School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kannur University. Mail Id; aanjusree05@gmail.com
This presentation only focus on a very small area
This presentation provides an overview of medical textiles. It begins with an introduction to medical textiles and their importance in the textile industry. Medical textiles are engineered materials suitable for medical applications where strength, flexibility, and permeability are required. The document then categorizes medical textiles into four areas: non-implantable materials like bandages and wound dressings, extracorporeal devices like artificial kidneys, implantable materials like sutures and grafts, and healthcare products like surgical gowns and bedding. It provides examples of materials used and manufacturing methods for categories. The presentation concludes that textile materials are crucial to medicine and surgery due to their versatility.
This document discusses medical textiles, which combine textile technology and medical sciences. Medical textiles are a fast-growing sector of technical textiles and include woven, knitted, and nonwoven fabrics used in a variety of surgical procedures. The textiles are made from materials like monofilament and multifilament yarns. They must meet requirements like biocompatibility, dimensional stability, and resistance to microorganisms. Examples of medical textile applications include artificial kidneys, livers, and lungs that use hollow fibers to filter waste or gases from the blood. Other medical textile products discussed are bandages, sutures, implants, and fabrics used for wound care, hygiene, casts, and
Sporttech deals with textile materials used for sports and leisure purposes. There has been a huge increase in sports participation globally over the last 15 years. This has led to the development of specialized sportswear to meet the needs of different sports. Sportswear fabrics must regulate heat and moisture, dry quickly, be breathable, durable, and lightweight. Common materials include polyester, nylon, cotton, and lycra. Key classifications of sportech include sportswear, sports accessories like nets and turfs, and sports goods like balls, racquets, and shoes.
Sport tech, also known as sports textiles or technical textiles for sports, refers to textile materials used for sports and leisure purposes, mainly in sportswear, shoes, and accessories. Traditional cotton fabrics were replaced by synthetic fibers with properties like moisture wicking, breathability, and stretch. These fabrics must withstand stresses from activities while keeping athletes dry and comfortable. New developments include smart fabrics with sensors and phase change materials. The global sportswear market was worth $126 billion in 2015 and continues to grow. Common fibers used include polyester, nylon, spandex and cotton. Major brands include Nike, Adidas, and Puma.
This document provides information about a student project on medical textiles completed by Shubham Singh and Srishti Kumari. It includes a certificate signed by their mentor Jalpa Vanikar certifying their work. The document then acknowledges those who supported and guided the project. It introduces the topic of medical textiles and provides an index of topics that will be covered in the project report.
The document discusses technical textiles, which are textile materials manufactured primarily for their technical and performance properties rather than their aesthetic or decorative characteristics. It describes how technical textiles are used in a wide variety of applications across multiple industries, including agriculture, construction, clothing, infrastructure, transportation, medical care, packaging, protection, cleaning, and more. Technical textiles incorporate a diverse range of raw materials and production processes to enable their varied functional uses.
This document provides an overview of sports textiles. It was submitted by four students to their professor and outlines the introduction, technical aspects, properties required, raw materials, manufacturing techniques, heat and moisture mechanisms, trade names, manufacturers, and applications of sportswear fabrics. The presentation covers the important functions and requirements of fabrics for different sports and how various synthetic and natural fibers are used in sportswear manufacturing.
SPORTS TEXTILE: Key Trends in Design & Materials and Its Specific Applications.ANJUSREE9
New product developments in sportswear not only make garments look and fit better, they also help athletes perform better. Many of these require uses of new or specialist technology within the manufacture of the garments, not just the materials they were made from. Final consumption of sports goods is currently highest in developed economies. However, both the production and consumption of sports textiles is expected to grow most quickly in the medium to long term in developing countries where living standards and lifestyles are changing fastest.
Presented by: Anju A L, M Phil Scholar in School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kannur University. Mail Id; aanjusree05@gmail.com
This presentation only focus on a very small area
This presentation provides an overview of medical textiles. It begins with an introduction to medical textiles and their importance in the textile industry. Medical textiles are engineered materials suitable for medical applications where strength, flexibility, and permeability are required. The document then categorizes medical textiles into four areas: non-implantable materials like bandages and wound dressings, extracorporeal devices like artificial kidneys, implantable materials like sutures and grafts, and healthcare products like surgical gowns and bedding. It provides examples of materials used and manufacturing methods for categories. The presentation concludes that textile materials are crucial to medicine and surgery due to their versatility.
The document discusses several types of functional and high-performance fibers, including ceramic fibers used for thermal insulation at high temperatures, melamine fibers known for heat resistance, super absorbent fibers used in medical products, bicomponent fibers ideal for filtration, ultra-strong polyethylene fibers like Spectra used in armor, and microfibers finer than conventional fibers used in functional clothing. It also covers biodegradable fibers such as alginate and bacterial cellulose used for wound dressings, as well as nanofibers produced through electrospinning with various applications and carbon nanotube fibers with potential uses in composites, batteries, and artificial muscles.
This document discusses Clothtech, which refers to technical textiles used in clothing and footwear manufacturing. It describes various Clothtech components like sewing threads, shoe laces, zippers, and interlinings. Properties required for Clothtech include stability at high temperatures, abrasion resistance, durability, and resistance to UV light and water. The document provides details on Clothtech market size in India and worldwide, and finishes by stating that Clothtech contributes 7% to the global technical textiles industry and is forecast to grow slowly in the long term.
Medical textiles are textile products designed for medical applications. They can be classified as non-implantable materials like wound dressings and bandages, extracorporeal devices like artificial organs, and implantable materials like sutures and grafts. Key properties for medical textiles include being non-toxic, non-allergenic, able to be sterilized, and bio-compatible. Common fibers used are natural fibers like cotton as well as synthetic fibers like polyester and specialty fibers like collagen and chitosan. Medical textiles help improve patient comfort and aid in healing.
This document provides an overview of medical textiles. It begins by defining medical textiles as the combination of textile technology and medical sciences. It then discusses the different types of fibers used in medical textiles, including commodity fibers like cotton, silk, and polyester, as well as specialty fibers like collagen and chitosan. The document also examines the requirements for textile materials in medical applications and various medical textile products such as bandages, sutures, and surgical gowns. It concludes by emphasizing that medical textiles are an important and growing sector for converting painful medical procedures into more comfortable experiences.
This document provides an overview of developments in military textiles. It discusses how military clothing aims to provide protection from environmental threats, camouflage, and maintain physical comfort. Key materials used include polyester, cotton, Kevlar and Coolmax fabrics. The clothing systems are designed in layers to block bullets, heat, and radiation. Research focuses on minimizing weight while maximizing wear comfort through new fabric technologies like woven, knitted and nonwoven composites. Understanding threats and material requirements is critical to the design process.
IN THIS PRESENTATION I EXPLAINED ABOUT MEDICAL TEXTILE. THE COMBINATION TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICAL SCIENCE HAS RESULTS INTO A NEW FIELD CALLED MEDICAL TEXTILE
This presentation discusses medical textiles. It begins by defining medical textiles as textile materials engineered for medical and surgical applications. Key properties for medical textiles include strength, flexibility, and permeability. Medical textiles are used in sutures, implants, wound dressings, and more. The presentation then discusses specific medical textile applications in more detail, including sutures, vascular grafts, artificial joints and tendons, wound dressings, and extracorporeal devices. Key factors for medical textiles are also outlined, such as porosity, fiber cross-section, biocompatibility, and biodegradability.
http://www.ualberta.ca/~jag3/smart_textiles/index.htm
Jose A. Gonzalez
Protective Clothing Research Group
Department of Human Ecology
University of Alberta
Smart textiles are materials and structures that can sense and react to environmental stimuli. There are four main types: passive smart materials that only sense stimuli, active smart materials that can both sense and respond, very smart materials that can sense, respond, and adapt, and materials with artificial intelligence. Smart textiles find applications in sports, healthcare, military, fashion and more. New developments include light-emitting, scent-emitting, shape-shifting, and health-monitoring textiles. Smart textiles have the potential to revolutionize clothing and other fabrics.
This presentation discusses clothtech, a category of technical textiles used in apparel and footwear manufacturing. Clothtech includes materials like interlinings, shoe fabrics, elastic fabrics, and lining fabrics that are further processed and bonded using thermoplastic powders. Common applications include components of shoes like shoe laces and interlinings, as well as sewing threads, zippers, velcro, labels, and umbrella cloth for clothing. Properties required for clothtech include stability at high temperatures and pressures, abrasion resistance, durability, and solvent resistance. The global market for clothtech is estimated to be around $8.3 billion and consumption is expected to grow slowly between 2000-2010, focused in low-cost app
This document discusses technical textiles. It begins by defining technical textiles as textile products manufactured primarily for their performance and functional properties rather than aesthetic or decorative characteristics. It then discusses various segments of technical textiles including agro-tech, build-tech, cloth-tech, geo-tech, home-tech, industrials textiles, medi-tech, mobil-tech, oeko-tech, pack-tech, pro-tech and sport-tech. It provides examples of materials used for different technical textile segments including natural fibers, regenerated fibers, synthetic fibers, specialty fibers and high-tech fibers. The document concludes with discussing the application stages and uses of technical fibers.
The document discusses technical textiles, which are manufactured for performance or function rather than aesthetics. It outlines 12 main categories of technical textiles including agrotech, buildtech, clothtech, etc. For each category it provides examples of applications and discusses the size of the market segment. It also provides data on the total and regional market sizes for technical textiles. The document concludes with recommendations for what Pakistan should do to develop its technical textiles industry, such as establishing expert committees, education programs, and centers of excellence.
The document discusses protective clothing and technical textiles. It provides details on various types of protective clothing used for thermal, mechanical, biological, radiation, and other protections. It describes the properties and materials needed for different protective applications, including high strength fibers like Kevlar, carbon fibers, and novel fibers. The document also discusses the growth of the technical textiles industry in India and opportunities in protective textiles.
The document discusses technical textiles, including their definition, classification, raw materials, end uses, and market overview. Technical textiles are textile materials designed for their technical performance rather than aesthetic characteristics. They are classified into several categories including agro-textiles, build-tech, home-tech, indutech, meditech, and packtech. Common raw materials include polyester, polyolefins, and cotton. Key end uses are in agriculture, construction, clothing, and medical applications. The market for technical textiles in India is growing significantly and expected to reach over $25 billion by 2016-17.
This document discusses various types of protective textiles, including materials and classifications. It focuses on chemical protective clothing. Key points:
- Protective textiles are designed to protect the wearer from environmental hazards and include flame retardant, ballistic protection, medical, chemical, UV protection and industrial work wear fabrics.
- Chemical protective clothing must resist permeation, degradation and penetration from chemicals. Important considerations in design are breakthrough time and liquid repellency.
- Common materials for chemical protection include nonwoven fabrics like Tyvek and SMS polypropylene, activated carbon, and multi-layer combinations of fabrics and nonwovens.
- Extreme cold protective clothing uses durable, flexible and insulating
Military Textiles
A textile material developed to fulfill the technical requirement of defense such as Camouflage, flameproof, ballistic cloths etc can be termed as military textiles. These are also called as defence Textile.
Sports textiles use sophisticated technologies to produce sportswear that helps athletes. Some key synthetic yarns used in sportswear include polyester, elastane/spandex, aramids, acrylic, nylon, and polypropylene. Polyester is the most common due to its low cost, durability, and ease of care. Blending fibers improves properties - for example, polyester/wool blends provide insulation and wicking. Microfibers and carbon fiber are also utilized in specialized sports applications to enhance performance.
This document discusses the design and evaluation of sport-tech materials. It begins by defining sport-tech as textile materials used for sports and leisure purposes. Examples of sport-tech include various types of athletic clothing. The document then discusses properties required for sports textiles like comfort, breathability, and durability. It describes fibers and fabrics commonly used in sport-tech like aramid, UHMWPE, and microfibers. The document also discusses design aspects like thermo-physiological comfort and ergonomics. Methods to evaluate properties like aerodynamics, breathability, and pressure are summarized. Recent developments in smart materials, fit, and streamlined design are also covered.
The document discusses several types of functional and high-performance fibers, including ceramic fibers used for thermal insulation at high temperatures, melamine fibers known for heat resistance, super absorbent fibers used in medical products, bicomponent fibers ideal for filtration, ultra-strong polyethylene fibers like Spectra used in armor, and microfibers finer than conventional fibers used in functional clothing. It also covers biodegradable fibers such as alginate and bacterial cellulose used for wound dressings, as well as nanofibers produced through electrospinning with various applications and carbon nanotube fibers with potential uses in composites, batteries, and artificial muscles.
This document discusses Clothtech, which refers to technical textiles used in clothing and footwear manufacturing. It describes various Clothtech components like sewing threads, shoe laces, zippers, and interlinings. Properties required for Clothtech include stability at high temperatures, abrasion resistance, durability, and resistance to UV light and water. The document provides details on Clothtech market size in India and worldwide, and finishes by stating that Clothtech contributes 7% to the global technical textiles industry and is forecast to grow slowly in the long term.
Medical textiles are textile products designed for medical applications. They can be classified as non-implantable materials like wound dressings and bandages, extracorporeal devices like artificial organs, and implantable materials like sutures and grafts. Key properties for medical textiles include being non-toxic, non-allergenic, able to be sterilized, and bio-compatible. Common fibers used are natural fibers like cotton as well as synthetic fibers like polyester and specialty fibers like collagen and chitosan. Medical textiles help improve patient comfort and aid in healing.
This document provides an overview of medical textiles. It begins by defining medical textiles as the combination of textile technology and medical sciences. It then discusses the different types of fibers used in medical textiles, including commodity fibers like cotton, silk, and polyester, as well as specialty fibers like collagen and chitosan. The document also examines the requirements for textile materials in medical applications and various medical textile products such as bandages, sutures, and surgical gowns. It concludes by emphasizing that medical textiles are an important and growing sector for converting painful medical procedures into more comfortable experiences.
This document provides an overview of developments in military textiles. It discusses how military clothing aims to provide protection from environmental threats, camouflage, and maintain physical comfort. Key materials used include polyester, cotton, Kevlar and Coolmax fabrics. The clothing systems are designed in layers to block bullets, heat, and radiation. Research focuses on minimizing weight while maximizing wear comfort through new fabric technologies like woven, knitted and nonwoven composites. Understanding threats and material requirements is critical to the design process.
IN THIS PRESENTATION I EXPLAINED ABOUT MEDICAL TEXTILE. THE COMBINATION TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICAL SCIENCE HAS RESULTS INTO A NEW FIELD CALLED MEDICAL TEXTILE
This presentation discusses medical textiles. It begins by defining medical textiles as textile materials engineered for medical and surgical applications. Key properties for medical textiles include strength, flexibility, and permeability. Medical textiles are used in sutures, implants, wound dressings, and more. The presentation then discusses specific medical textile applications in more detail, including sutures, vascular grafts, artificial joints and tendons, wound dressings, and extracorporeal devices. Key factors for medical textiles are also outlined, such as porosity, fiber cross-section, biocompatibility, and biodegradability.
http://www.ualberta.ca/~jag3/smart_textiles/index.htm
Jose A. Gonzalez
Protective Clothing Research Group
Department of Human Ecology
University of Alberta
Smart textiles are materials and structures that can sense and react to environmental stimuli. There are four main types: passive smart materials that only sense stimuli, active smart materials that can both sense and respond, very smart materials that can sense, respond, and adapt, and materials with artificial intelligence. Smart textiles find applications in sports, healthcare, military, fashion and more. New developments include light-emitting, scent-emitting, shape-shifting, and health-monitoring textiles. Smart textiles have the potential to revolutionize clothing and other fabrics.
This presentation discusses clothtech, a category of technical textiles used in apparel and footwear manufacturing. Clothtech includes materials like interlinings, shoe fabrics, elastic fabrics, and lining fabrics that are further processed and bonded using thermoplastic powders. Common applications include components of shoes like shoe laces and interlinings, as well as sewing threads, zippers, velcro, labels, and umbrella cloth for clothing. Properties required for clothtech include stability at high temperatures and pressures, abrasion resistance, durability, and solvent resistance. The global market for clothtech is estimated to be around $8.3 billion and consumption is expected to grow slowly between 2000-2010, focused in low-cost app
This document discusses technical textiles. It begins by defining technical textiles as textile products manufactured primarily for their performance and functional properties rather than aesthetic or decorative characteristics. It then discusses various segments of technical textiles including agro-tech, build-tech, cloth-tech, geo-tech, home-tech, industrials textiles, medi-tech, mobil-tech, oeko-tech, pack-tech, pro-tech and sport-tech. It provides examples of materials used for different technical textile segments including natural fibers, regenerated fibers, synthetic fibers, specialty fibers and high-tech fibers. The document concludes with discussing the application stages and uses of technical fibers.
The document discusses technical textiles, which are manufactured for performance or function rather than aesthetics. It outlines 12 main categories of technical textiles including agrotech, buildtech, clothtech, etc. For each category it provides examples of applications and discusses the size of the market segment. It also provides data on the total and regional market sizes for technical textiles. The document concludes with recommendations for what Pakistan should do to develop its technical textiles industry, such as establishing expert committees, education programs, and centers of excellence.
The document discusses protective clothing and technical textiles. It provides details on various types of protective clothing used for thermal, mechanical, biological, radiation, and other protections. It describes the properties and materials needed for different protective applications, including high strength fibers like Kevlar, carbon fibers, and novel fibers. The document also discusses the growth of the technical textiles industry in India and opportunities in protective textiles.
The document discusses technical textiles, including their definition, classification, raw materials, end uses, and market overview. Technical textiles are textile materials designed for their technical performance rather than aesthetic characteristics. They are classified into several categories including agro-textiles, build-tech, home-tech, indutech, meditech, and packtech. Common raw materials include polyester, polyolefins, and cotton. Key end uses are in agriculture, construction, clothing, and medical applications. The market for technical textiles in India is growing significantly and expected to reach over $25 billion by 2016-17.
This document discusses various types of protective textiles, including materials and classifications. It focuses on chemical protective clothing. Key points:
- Protective textiles are designed to protect the wearer from environmental hazards and include flame retardant, ballistic protection, medical, chemical, UV protection and industrial work wear fabrics.
- Chemical protective clothing must resist permeation, degradation and penetration from chemicals. Important considerations in design are breakthrough time and liquid repellency.
- Common materials for chemical protection include nonwoven fabrics like Tyvek and SMS polypropylene, activated carbon, and multi-layer combinations of fabrics and nonwovens.
- Extreme cold protective clothing uses durable, flexible and insulating
Military Textiles
A textile material developed to fulfill the technical requirement of defense such as Camouflage, flameproof, ballistic cloths etc can be termed as military textiles. These are also called as defence Textile.
Sports textiles use sophisticated technologies to produce sportswear that helps athletes. Some key synthetic yarns used in sportswear include polyester, elastane/spandex, aramids, acrylic, nylon, and polypropylene. Polyester is the most common due to its low cost, durability, and ease of care. Blending fibers improves properties - for example, polyester/wool blends provide insulation and wicking. Microfibers and carbon fiber are also utilized in specialized sports applications to enhance performance.
This document discusses the design and evaluation of sport-tech materials. It begins by defining sport-tech as textile materials used for sports and leisure purposes. Examples of sport-tech include various types of athletic clothing. The document then discusses properties required for sports textiles like comfort, breathability, and durability. It describes fibers and fabrics commonly used in sport-tech like aramid, UHMWPE, and microfibers. The document also discusses design aspects like thermo-physiological comfort and ergonomics. Methods to evaluate properties like aerodynamics, breathability, and pressure are summarized. Recent developments in smart materials, fit, and streamlined design are also covered.
Textile in sports and it’s material, structure and applicationttkbal
The document discusses textiles used in sports. It notes that the global sports apparel market has grown significantly in recent decades and is expected to exceed $126 billion by 2015. Key reasons for this growth include the increasing popularity of sports, demands for high-performance sportswear, and developments in engineered textiles. The document outlines various fibers, fabrics, and structural designs used in sports textiles that provide attributes like moisture management, breathability, and quick drying. These textiles have applications in sports apparel, equipment, and venues. The conclusion states that innovation in high-functional fibers and smart materials is enhancing athletic performance and that combining clothing functions with comfort is a growing market trend.
This document discusses textiles used in footwear production. It covers several types of footwear including sports footwear, slippers, Kolhapuri chappals, and army boots. For sports footwear, the document discusses the different textile fabrics used like knitted, woven, and non-woven fabrics made from polyester, cotton, and nylon. It also provides market data on the demand for sports footwear textiles from 2001-2008. The document describes characteristics of slippers, Kolhapuri chappals, and army boots. It discusses methods for applying textile materials to shoe outsoles, including adhesive application or embedding, and issues with the embedding method. Finally, it briefly mentions footwear production
At RNV Podiatry (http://www.rnvpodiatry.com), Dr. Rachel N. Verville provides you with the best medical advice regarding your feet, the most advanced treatments for your foot condition or disorder and the best patient care available in Plano, Frisco, and Dallas, Texas.
Get more about foot anatomy and foot machanics at Liberty Slide share profile that share more about footwear. Find shoes online to shop from any comfort place and get comfort your feet. For more visit here: http://www.libertyshoesonline.com/
SporTech Business Intelligence is developing cloud-based business intelligence apps for major US sports leagues to help teams transform raw data into insights. Their initial app, WinSmart, will provide customizable dashboards for soccer teams to track key performance metrics and ROI. They plan to expand their platform and tailored apps to other sports like football and hockey while validating their products and acquiring customers from minor and amateur leagues before targeting professional leagues.
A jammer is a type of swimsuit worn by male swimmers for competitions. It is made of materials like nylon and lycra that provide moderate coverage from the waist to above the knee while being form fitting to reduce drag. A cycling jersey is a specialized shirt for cycling with features like a long back and pockets only in the back for comfort and reduced air resistance when in a bent position. A leotard is a unisex tight full body garment that leaves the legs free, worn for activities like gymnastics, dancing, and circus performances sometimes with ballet skirts or tights.
Sportswear or activewear is clothing, including footwear, worn for sport or physical exercise. Sport-specific clothing is worn for most sports and physical exercise, for practical, comfort or safety reasons.
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This document discusses sports garments and fabrics. It provides classifications of sportswear including items for swimming, skiing, football and more. It describes requirements for sports fabrics including strength, durability and moisture wicking properties. Specific fabric blends are listed for activities like running and cycling. The document outlines the production process for sportswear and discusses how certain high-tech garments have been shown to improve athletic performance in swimming, powerlifting and soccer.
This document discusses different types of knit fabrics. There are four main types of fabric: knitted, woven, non-woven, and braided. Knitted fabrics are made by interlocking loops of yarn and can be made with one or more yarns. Common knitted fabrics include jersey, rib, interlock, and purl fabrics. Double jersey fabric uses two needles and looks the same on both sides, while single jersey uses one needle and has different appearances on each side. Weft knits are made horizontally with one yarn, while warp knits use multiple yarns looped vertically. Common weft knits include jersey, rib, double knit and pique
1. This chapter focuses on dynamic versions of R-trees and examines various R-tree variants, their similarities and differences, advantages and disadvantages.
2. The R*-tree considers additional factors like overlap minimization and storage utilization to improve performance compared to the original R-tree.
3. The Hilbert R-tree is a hybrid of an R-tree and B+-tree that stores entries based on their Hilbert values and can outperform other variants in some cases.
Waterproof breathable fabrics technologies and practices 2Vignesh Dhanabalan
This document discusses various technologies and methods for creating waterproof breathable fabrics. It describes two main types of membranes used - micro porous and hydrophilic membranes. Methods of applying membranes include laminating, liner/insert processing, and laminating the membrane between outer and lining fabrics. The document also discusses testing methods for waterproofness and breathability, common standards, and applications of breathable fabrics such as in mechanical counter pressure suits, outdoor apparel, and neoprene sportswear.
The document discusses the hardware, software, and online tools used during the production stages of various media projects. The main hardware included a camcorder, camera, and iMac used to film footage, take photos, and edit content. Software like Photoshop, iMovie, Wix, Prezi, and Slideshare were utilized. Photoshop allowed editing of photos for a digipack and advertisement. iMovie was used to cut and sequence music video clips. Wix hosted information and presentations, while Prezi and Slideshare created online presentations.
LifangDigitalUKLtd provides professional architectural CGI (computer-generated imagery) services for iconic towers, with contact information including a website, phone number, and email address for David. The document repeats this information about LifangDigitalUKLtd and the services they provide.
This document discusses intelligent textiles that use phase change materials and shape memory materials. It begins with an introduction submitted by a textile engineering student. It then discusses intelligent textile systems using sensors, processors and actuators. It provides examples of intelligent textiles like phase change materials, shape memory materials, and conductive materials. It discusses applications of these intelligent textiles in apparel, home textiles, medical textiles, and more. It also provides details on phase change materials, how they work, and how they can be incorporated into textiles.
This document discusses smart textiles and their applications in sports. It begins by asking how smart textiles will change the textile and fashion industries. It then provides examples of smart textiles for sports, including shirts that can monitor heart rate, respiration, temperature and posture. Other examples discussed are an arm band that flashes light for runners and a jacket that monitors ECG and heart rate. The document also describes a smart sleeve designed to help with basketball shooting rhythm and discusses how temperature sensors can be integrated into textiles. It concludes by noting how flexible electronics are printed onto substrates that can conform to surfaces like clothing.
This document discusses smart textiles and their applications in sports. It begins by asking how smart textiles will change the textile and fashion industries. It then provides examples of smart textiles for sports, including shirts that can monitor heart rate, respiration, temperature and posture. Other examples discussed are an arm band that flashes light for runners and a jacket that monitors ECG and heart rate. The document also describes a smart sleeve designed to help with basketball shooting rhythm and discusses how temperature sensors can be integrated into textiles. It concludes by noting how flexible electronics are printed onto substrates that can conform to surfaces like clothing.
Smart textiles new possibilities in textile engineeringNasif Chowdhury
This document discusses smart textiles and provides several examples. It begins by defining smart textiles as textiles that can sense environmental stimuli and react to them by integrating functionalities into the textile structure. The stimulus and response can be electrical, thermal, chemical, magnetic, or other. Examples are given of smart textiles for clothing that can change color or provide light and regulate temperature. The document then discusses the different types of smart textiles and their various functions like sensing, data processing, actuation, storage, and communication. Several applications and examples of smart textiles are provided like the Gore-Tex jacket and Georgia Tech's wearable motherboard shirt. Adidas' and Nike's smart running shoes are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of smart textiles. It defines smart textiles as textiles that can sense and react to environmental conditions or stimuli. It discusses the scope of smart textiles, including the integration of various disciplines required. It outlines different generations of textile wearable technologies and describes textronics. It also covers various topics related to smart textiles like classifications, materials, incorporation into textiles, components, working process, applications, and the relationship to technical textiles.
Smart Textile
Smart textiles are defined as textiles that can sense and react via an active control mechanism to environmental conditions or stimuli, such as mechanical, thermal, magnetic, chemical, electrical, or other sources. They are able to sense and respond to external conditions (stimuli) in a predetermined way.
Advances in technology have enabled textiles to be engineered for specialized applications and high performance. Smart textiles can now sense and react to stimuli in the environment. Future developments may integrate textiles with nano- and terascale technologies to create highly complex, cognitive, and integrated systems. These could endow textiles with new sensing, signaling, computing and tissue engineering capabilities.
The document discusses smart and intelligent textiles. It begins by introducing textiles as the second skin of humans and notes they traditionally provide protection and aesthetics. It describes how intelligence is now being integrated into fabrics to create interactive textiles. It outlines several classifications of smart fibers and materials that can sense and react to environmental stimuli, including thermochromic, luminescent, conductive, and shape memory materials. Example applications are described for areas like military, healthcare, sports, and fashion. In closing, it argues textiles represent an attractive platform for biosensors and wearable electronics since many systems can be connected to clothing to create a versatile and customizable experience for the user.
This document provides information about smart textiles. It defines smart textiles as textiles that can interact with their surroundings and react or adapt to environmental stimuli. The document then classifies smart textiles into three categories: passive smart textiles that can only sense the environment, active smart textiles that have both sensors and actuators to respond to detected signals, and ultra smart textiles that can sense, react, and adapt to the environment. Various applications of smart textiles are discussed, including uses in healthcare, sports, military, entertainment, and fashion. The importance of smart textiles for the future textile industry is also highlighted.
This document provides an overview of smart textiles, including:
1. Smart textiles are textiles that can interact with their environment through electrical, thermal, chemical, or magnetic stimuli and may incorporate electronics and sensors.
2. They are classified into passive, active, and ultra-smart textiles depending on their ability to sense and react to the environment.
3. Smart textiles have applications in healthcare for monitoring vital signs, in military and emergency services equipment for protection, and in entertainment through responsive colors and lights.
The document discusses smart textiles, which are textiles that can sense and react to environmental conditions. Originally textiles provided protection from weather, but now integrate technologies to increase functionality. Smart textiles are classified into passive, active, and ultra-smart varieties based on their ability to sense and react. Examples include fabrics that monitor health, control devices, and regulate temperature. Significant opportunities exist in medicine, sustainability, and wearable technology as the industry grows.
Smart textiles are materials and structures that can sense and react to environmental stimuli. They include self-cleaning carpets, memory fabrics, and fabrics that regulate temperature. Smart textiles can be divided into passive materials that only sense stimuli, active materials that can both sense and respond, and very smart materials that can sense, respond, and adapt. They use materials like conductive fibers, shape memory alloys, and microencapsulated phase change materials. Applications include sportswear that regulates temperature, medical clothing that monitors vital signs, military uniforms that detect hazards, and fashionable apparel that changes color or plays music. The future of smart textiles may include clothing that emits scents, becomes rigid to immobilize injuries,
This document discusses smart fabrics and textiles that can sense and respond to environmental stimuli. It provides examples of smart fabrics like Gore-Tex that are waterproof and breathable, as well as microencapsulated fabrics that can release substances like antibacterial agents in response to heat, pressure or other triggers. The document also discusses using smart textiles for medical purposes like wound dressings and how they may help regulate body temperature and odor. It describes early experiments creating touch interfaces and circuits using conductive metallic yarns woven into fabrics.
The document discusses smart textiles, which are fabrics that can sense and react to environmental stimuli. It provides examples of smart textiles that monitor biometrics, control connected devices, and regulate temperature. Smart textiles are classified as passive, active, or ultra smart depending on their sensing and reactive capabilities. The document outlines the development and applications of smart textiles in areas like healthcare, fashion, and sustainability. It predicts growth in the smart textiles market driven by medical and wearable technology sectors.
Smart textiles can sense and react to environmental stimuli. They include materials that change color, shape, or texture in response to temperature, pressure, or other inputs. Some examples are self-cleaning carpets, memory-shaped fabrics, temperature-regulating materials, and fabrics that change color. Smart textiles can be categorized as passive (only sense stimuli), active (sense and respond), and very smart (sense, respond, and adapt). They have applications in healthcare, sports, fashion, the military, and more. Emerging technologies include biometric sensing, thermoregulation, wireless connectivity, and nano-materials. The future of smart textiles is highly interactive fabrics that can detect vital signs, communicate wirelessly
Smart textiles are materials that combine traditional textile components with advanced technologies to provide additional functionalities. They can sense and react to their environment or user inputs. Smart textiles are classified as passive, active, or hybrid. Passive smart textiles respond to stimuli without external power while active ones incorporate electronics and require power. Hybrid smart textiles combine passive and active elements. Potential applications of smart textiles include healthcare, sports, fashion, and more. Widespread adoption of smart textiles faces challenges regarding costs, data security, and infrastructure.
Sports intimate apparels are worn next to the skin, which are the key aspect to physiological comfort of sports persons and help to increase their performances. Natural and synthetic fibers are mostly used in sports apparels. Natural fibers have excellent comfort, except wicking, which can be overcome by modifying the fiber profile of synthetic materials, and also imparting finishes in the fabric. It is evident that type of fibre, properties of yarn, structure of fabric, finishing treatment and features of clothing were the factors affecting clothing comfort of sports intimate apparels. Among these the economical way of fetching comfort in the sports intimate apparels can be done through the selection of right raw material, and fabric structure with right structural parameters.
Smart/interactive textiles (SIT) are materials and structures that sense and react to environmental conditions or stimuli, such as those from mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic or other sources.
In order to satisfy man's fundamental necessities, textile items are crucial. We frequently just think about textiles as the clothing we wear. Obviously, the majority of textiles are manufactured and consumed in the apparel business. However, textiles have a significant role in every area of our life, from conception to death. The history of textile use spans more than 8500 years. Textile technology advancements are not generally recognised in other industries as they are in the apparel sector. The crucial roles that textiles play in various sectors are described in the following presentation.
Geo-textiles are permeable textile materials made of polymers that are used in civil engineering applications with soil, rock, or water. They serve several functions including separation, drainage, filtration, reinforcement, and erosion protection. Common types are geotextiles, geogrids, geomembranes, and geonets. Geogrids reinforce soils and materials by capturing and interlocking aggregates to redistribute loads. They are made of polymers like polyester, polyethylene, and polypropylene formed into grid patterns. Geomembranes are impervious sheets used as moisture or vapor barriers, with the most common types being HDPE, LLDPE, and PVC in single or multiple layers. Geo-text
1. The document discusses cosmetic textiles which impart active cosmetic substances to clothing through microencapsulation technology. Microencapsulation involves coating solid or liquid active ingredients in thin polymer walls to allow controlled release.
2. Common applications of microencapsulation in cosmetic textiles include antibacterial, aromatherapy, thermochromic, and cool textiles. Commercially, companies like Cognis, Skin'up, and STP produce microencapsulated cosmetic textile products.
3. Future areas of research include using nanoencapsulation to further enhance the effectiveness and longevity of cosmetic textile products.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Thermal bonding involves heating polymer fibers to partially melt them, allowing the chain segments to diffuse across the fiber-fiber interface when pressed together. Upon cooling, the chain segments resolidify and become trapped at the interface, bonding the fibers together. Heat can be applied through hot calendar rollers or blown hot air. Different polymers have different melting temperatures suitable for thermal bonding applications.
Needle punching is a mechanical process that uses barbed needles to reposition fibers from a horizontal to a vertical orientation in fiber webs. The needle penetration penetrates the web, interlocking the fibers and increasing fiber orientation and fabric strength. Key parameters that affect the needle punching process include fiber and web properties, needle penetration depth, punch density, needle arrangement, and the direction of needling passes. Needle punching is used to manufacture nonwoven fabrics for applications like shoe felts, blankets, automotive insulation, carpet backing, and composites.
The document discusses various types of medical textiles including their applications and fabric structures. It covers implantable materials like surgical sutures, dressings, vascular grafts and artificial joints as well as non-implantable extracorporeal devices. It also discusses healthcare and hygiene products like surgical gowns, diapers and their key properties. The document provides classifications and examples of different medical textiles used for various applications.
The document discusses the rapier loom weaving process. A rapier loom uses a rapier device to pull the weft yarn across the loom. It can use a single rapier or double rapier system. In a single rapier loom, a long rigid rapier extends across the full width. In a double rapier loom, two rapiers enter from opposite sides and transfer the weft between them in the center. The document describes different types of rapier systems including rigid, flexible, telescopic, and their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses weft insertion methods like tip transfer and loop transfer systems.
This document discusses different types of shuttleless looms. It classifies shuttleless looms into three categories: partially guided solid carrier looms like projectile looms; fully guided solid carrier looms like rapier looms; and fluid carrier looms like air jet and water jet looms. Projectile looms use small projectiles to carry the weft yarn through the shed, rapier looms use fork-like rapiers, and fluid carrier looms use compressed air or water to propel the weft yarn. Shuttleless looms are faster, quieter, and produce better fabric quality than shuttle looms.
1. Multiphase weaving machines operate using either the warp direction shed wave principle or the weft direction shed wave principle to open multiple sheds simultaneously and insert weft yarn in multiple locations at once.
2. This allows multiphase looms to achieve 3 to 4 times higher productivity compared to single-phase looms when weaving simple standard fabrics.
3. Key components of multiphase looms include shed forming elements to open sheds in waves across the loom width, weft insertion using compressed air, and beat-up combs to consolidate the fabric.
Jacquard fabrics are complex patterned fabrics created using jacquard looms or knitting machines. There are several types of jacquard fabrics including brocade, damask, French jacquard, poly x catonic jacquard, jacquard nets, velour jacquard, blackout fabrics, and matelasse. Jacquard fabrics can be used for clothing, home decor, upholstery, and more. The jacquard loom was invented in 1801 and allowed for intricate patterns through individually controlled warp threads. Modern jacquard looms are computer controlled and can produce large intricate patterns without repeats.
The document discusses care labels for textiles and the importance of including care instructions. It provides details on the standardized symbols used for care labels and their meaning, including symbols for washing, bleaching, drying, ironing and dry cleaning. Minimum information requirements for care labels are outlined, along with exemptions. Examples of care labels using the standard symbols are also given.
Leveling agents are chemicals that help promote even dye distribution on fabrics during dyeing. They work by slowing the initial dye uptake to allow more uniform absorption over time. Leveling agents are classified as anionic, cationic, or non-ionic depending on their ionic nature, and include compounds like fatty acids, alcohols, and alkyl aryl sulphonates. Their effectiveness is tested by measuring factors like strike percentage and active content to evaluate uniformity. Careful selection of leveling agent type and concentration is needed to control dye exhaustion for consistent color without compromising yield.
The document discusses textiles and textile-based composites used in marine applications. It outlines various fibers like glass, carbon, and Kevlar that provide properties suitable for marine environments like UV and abrasion resistance. It describes uses of composites in boat hulls, sails, and other structures to reduce weight while improving strength. Various tests are needed to ensure marine textiles can withstand conditions like water exposure, microbes, and flames. A wide range of textile applications in the marine industry are discussed from ropes and nets to upholstery and safety gear.
This document provides calculations for weaving fabrics. It outlines formulas to calculate fabric weight based on warp and weft density, count, and crimp percentage. It also describes classifications of fabric weights from sheer to heavy. Additional sections explain how to find yarn count and crimp percentage, calculate weft consumption per pick and shift, and determine weft carrier velocity. The document is authored by Vignesh Dhanabalan and provides contact information.
This document discusses agro textiles and their applications. It describes that agro textiles are used in horticulture, farming, and agricultural activities to provide benefits like enhanced quality, higher yields, fewer damages, and bearable losses. It then lists some common fiber materials used in agro textiles, including nylon, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, jute, and wool. The document goes on to discuss key properties required of agro textiles like weather resistance, resistance to microorganisms, stable construction, and being lightweight. It provides examples of applications for agro textiles such as hail protection fabrics, wind protection fabrics, shade fabrics, insect repellent fabrics, harvesting aids,
The document discusses agro textiles, which are textile materials used in agriculture. It describes how agro textiles are used in sectors like agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and fishing. Some key agro textile products discussed include shade nets, anti-bird nets, anti-hail nets, harvesting nets, wind protection nets, greenhouse covers, weed control fabric, and tree shelters. The document also examines factors influencing agro textiles like sunlight, water, and climate conditions. It analyzes the Indian agriculture industry and reasons for its low productivity, and argues for more government intervention and organization of the sector to boost agro textile usage.
This document discusses ballistic protection textiles used in body armor. It begins by explaining the mechanisms by which ballistic fabrics absorb energy from projectiles, including deformation of fabric layers and dissipation of impact energy across layers. Common ballistic fibers mentioned include Kevlar, Twaron, Spectra, and Dyneema. Woven and non-woven fabrics are discussed, as well as standards for rating bulletproof vests. The document also briefly touches on future materials being researched for ballistic protection applications.
The document provides information on various textile calculations related to fibre fineness, yarn counts, conversions between different count systems, and calculations for processes like blowroom, carding, drawframe, speedframe, ringframe, winding, warping, and sizing. It includes formulas for calculating production rates, drafts, twists, strengths, efficiencies, and other important metrics for these textile processes. Conversion tables are also provided for weights, linear measures, yarn counts and other units.
The disguise textiles (camouflage) by vignesh dhanabalanVignesh Dhanabalan
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This document provides an overview of nonwoven technologies. It discusses the various raw materials and web forming techniques used, including drylaid, wetlaid, spunlaid, and meltblown. It also describes key bonding techniques like needlepunching, hydroentanglement, stitchbonding, and chemical/adhesive bonding. The document aims to elaborate on the manufacturing process of nonwovens and emphasize fiber usage, web laying technologies, converting webs to fabrics, and key applications in various end markets.
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Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
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3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
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6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
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𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
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Advancement in Sport textiles by vignesh dhanabalan
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ADVANCEMENTS IN SPORT TEXTILE
Abstract
As we all know that sports textiles holds a great potential in the textile sector, it has
proved its dominance by the incorporation of smart textiles into ultimate goal of providing
comfort, protection, thermal insulation, moisture management and heat regulation to the
wearers. Smart textiles are inheriting of artificial intelligence into the sportswear. To simply
say smart textiles sports wears are to be under stood as self-thinking garments. It is of at most
important that we discuss and know about active smart textiles that are dominating in the
sports textiles. The prime objective of this paper to bring out the importance of active smart
textile materials like phase change material, shape memory material, auxetic materials,
holofibeand d3o materials. These material‟s principal, working mechanisms, properties,
methods of incorporation in textiles and its application in sports textiles are highlighted in
this paper. More over smart textiles in sportswear has played its key role in the London
Olympics 2012, which is also clearly proved in this paper, which gives clear evidenceof the
contribution of textiles for technology and development of standard of human life. Smart
textiles have come out with solutions for various researches carried out by the scientists and
multinational companies investing millions of dollars in it. The phase change materials are
used in wears of athletes, football, mountain climbing and snow skiing, where extreme
climatic conditions are to be tackled. The d3o materials are used in bike race, jumping events
and rugby where high impact forces are involved.
Introduction
The sports textile has taken its place from the floor (Ex. Artificial turf)
to the roof (Ex. PTFE roofing). The consumption of textile material used in sports was
1382000 tons in 2010. This figure itself shows the potential of the textile in sports sector
Sportech segment comprises of technical textile products used in sports (sportswear, sports
equipment and sports footwear)
Examples of sportswear are: aerobic clothing, athletic clothing, football clothing,
cricket clothing, games shorts, gloves, jackets, pants, shirts, shorts, socks, swimwear and
tennis clothing. Examples of sport equipment are: sails, trampolines, camping gear, leisure
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bags, bikes and rackets. Examples of sports footwear are: athletic shoes, football boots, gym
shoes, tennis shoes and walking boots.
Basically Textile materials were designed for having protection against extreme
natural condition of heat and cold, then gradually the purpose of clothing until it took a new
face (In the name of trend , ascetic use , and many more)now a days they are designed for
specific purposes and tasks.
In earlier days mostly cotton was preferred, with innovations and raise in requirement
blends of fibre like cotton/polyester, cotton/viscose and polyester/viscose were used. Smart
textile is expected to solve all the demands and the shortcomings of the sportsman like
moisture level maintenance, heat regulation, comfort, protection from UV rays and protection
against various impact forces.Smart textile materials readily interact with
human/environmentalconditions thereby creating changes in the material properties. For
example, thephase-change materials and shape-memory polymers embedded in fabric
layerswill be able to interact with a human body and produce thermoregulatory controlby
affecting the microclimate between the clothing and the human skin. Inaddition to the two
dimensions of functionality and aesthetics, if `intelligence'can be embedded or integrated into
clothing as a third dimension, it would leadto the realization of protective and safety clothing
as a personalized wearableinformation infrastructure.
Properties required for Sportswear
The clothing should be capable of protecting the wearer from external climatic
conditions such as wind, sun, rain and snow, extreme temperatures.
Good tactile properties
Thermal insulation
Good stretch ability
Being capable of transporting perspiration from skin and then quickly dispersing it.
Fabric should be capable of protecting the wearer from any impact forces.
Good energy storing/ absorbing capacity
The fabric should be designed in such a way that the wearer should experience less
drag (due to air or water).
Fabric should provide psychological comfort to the wearer.
Maintain the body temperature by thermoregulation.
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Necessity in advancement (up gradation) of materials
High strength
Flame and heat resistance.
High specific strength and modulus
High chemical resistance and high abrasion resistance.
High resistance to acid, solvents, steam, chemicals and fuels.
Moisture regain and soft hand (comfort).
Present scenario of sportswear market
As Olympics being the biggest recognition of the sports activity throughout the world,
it is considered as the biggest stage to exhibit the innovations of the sportswear companies. In
London Olympics 2012 one of the clear favourites to be benefit will be one of the main
sponsors, Adidas of Germany, which anticipates £ 100 million in directly related sales of
merchandise alone. It is also seeking to use the games to overtake its rival Nike (U.S.A), as
the biggest sportswear company in the UK. Nike is currently the market leader with an 18%
share of the UK‟s £ 4.3 billon sportswear markets, with Adidas in second place with 15%
share.
New innovations by Market leaders
Nike (U.S) has recently introduced series of light weight performance sportswear,
designed for such as athletics and basketball, including its Nike Flyknit and Nike Pro Turbo
speed uniforms. Nike‟s Pro turboSpeed suit (based on AeroSwift technology), which Nike
claims enables an athlete to run 0.023sec faster over 100m than when wearing previous best
running kit.
This suit is based on polyster fabric approximately 82% of the raw material being
derived from recycled plastic bottles(13 bottles are needed for each garment on average).
Smart Textile in Sports Wear
The smart textile in the sports clothing industry has resulted in the use of engineered
textiles for highly specialized performances in different sports. Smart materials providing
such a strong focus in the textile industry generally, companies are increasingly looking for
„value added‟ textiles and functional design in sportswear as well as intelligent textiles which
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monitor performance with in-built sensors. In this paper we are mainly concentrating on the
second level of smart textile that is the active sports textile which consists of the materials
like phase change material, shape memory material, auxetic materials, chromic material.
Classification of Smart Textile
Smart textiles are classified into three categories depending on functional activity, as follows:
Passive smart textiles: -The first generation of smart textiles, which can provide additional
features in passive mode that is not concerning with alteration in environment are called
passive smart textiles. Optical fiber embedded fabrics and conductive fabrics are good
examples of passive smart textiles.
UV protective clothing, multilayer composite yarn and textiles, plasma treated clothing,
ceramic coated textiles, conductive fibers, fabrics with optical sensors, are some examples of
passive smart textiles.
Active smart textiles:- The second generation of smart textiles have both actuators and
sensors and tune functionality to specific agents or environments, are called active smart
textiles. These are shape memory, chameleonic, water resistant and vapor permeable
(hydrophilic/ non porous), heat storage, thermo regulated, vapor absorbing, heat evolving
fabric and electrically heated suits.
Phase change materials and shape memory materials, heat sensitive dyes etc. in textiles form
active smart textiles.
Ultra smart textiles:-Very smart textiles are the third generation of smart textiles, which can
sense, react, and adapt themselves to environmental conditions or stimuli. They are the
highest levels of smart textiles. These may deal actively with life threatening situations
(battlefield or during accidents) or to keep high levels of comfort even during extreme
environmental changes. These very smart textiles essentially comprise of a unit, which works
like the brain; with cognition, reasoning and activating capacities.Ultra smart textiles are an
attempt to make electronic devices a genuine part of our daily life by embedding entire
systems into clothing and accessories. Though the entire potential has not been completely
realized, the developments so far can be termed as only rudiments of very smart textiles.
For example, spacesuits, musical jackets, I-wear, data wear, sports jacket, intelligent bra,
smart clothes, wearable computer etc.
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Passive smart textiles are lifeless but very smart textiles, are the most dynamic levels
of artificial intelligence in textiles5
. In fact, passive textiles may not be termed as really smart
since they do not think for themselves. Nevertheless they perform special functions in the
passive mode and hence the term passive smart textiles.
Phase Change Material for Sports Wear
Phase change materials
Phase change material (PCM) the has a inherent property of lateral heat that can be
stored or released from a material over a narrow temperature range. These materials absorbs
energy (latent heat) during the heating process as phase change state takes place and release
energy (latent heat) to the environment in the phase change range during a reverse cooling
process.
Phase change process
In general the phase change material is that they change between solid and liquid state
in the temperature range where the material in used. A change from solid to liquid (melting)
involves the absorption of heat, and similarly a change from liquid to solid (crystallisation)
involves the release of heat. A melting heat absorption temperature of 20 to 40o
c and the
crystallisation heat releasing temperature of 30 to 10o
c are effecting in clothing. PCM‟s
currently used in textile structures are in the most cases different types of paraffin. Phase
change temperatures (solid and liquid) and the heat of melting depends on the chain length of
the linear hydrocarbon paraffin.
Phase change
material
Melting
Temperature
(degree celsius)
Crystallisation
Temperature
(degree celsius)
Heat
storage
capacity
(J/g)
Eicosane 36.1 30.6 247
Nanodecane 32.1 26.4 222
Octadecane 28.2 25.4 244
Heptadecane 22.5 21.5 214
Phase change paraffin and their properties
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The phase-change effect occurs in transient wear situations, when the meltingor
crystallisation temperature limit is crossed. Situations where this can beoptimally utilised are,
for example, when a person is moving frequently betweenwarm and cold environments or
handling cold pieces, or when the physical stressis changing frequently between hard work
and rest. The absorption and releaseof heat is a repeatable cycle, which takes place at the skin
temperature withoutunpleasant low and high temperatures.Incorporation of PCM into textile
fibres and structures is done throughencapsulating the paraffin in microcapsules (diameter
10±50 _m), to preventleakage in the liquid phase. The microcapsules are then incorporated in
eitherthe spinning dope, in insulating foams or in coating paste. As the textilecharacter of the
structure has to be maintained (mechanical strength, handle,etc.), only a fraction of the
product will actually be PCM, the main part being thematrix material. Scientists are therefore
somewhat sceptical about the truethermo physiological benefits of PCMs integrated in textile
materials.
Classification of phase change material
The materials used for the thermal energy storage are classified by the A.Abhat
.These materials are classified on the base of Thermal energy storage type and phase change
states.
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Phase Change material for Sportswear
Phase change materials have the potential to change the state at constant temperature and
store large quantity of energy. One of the most efficient uses of phase change materials can
be done in textiles by choosing materials that have large Thermal Energy Storage (TES) and
melting point from 15°C to 35°C.The required properties of Phase Change Material (PCM)
for the sportswear are mentioned below:
Large heat of fusion
Melting point temperature between 15°C to 35°C
Low toxicity
Non-flammability
Ease of availability
Low price
For effective heat transfer, large thermal conductivity
Harmless to environment
Little temperature difference between the solidification and the melting temperature
Stability for repetition of solidification and melting point
On the bases of the heat storage capacities, phase change temperature and properties
mentioned above the types of materials suitable for textiles especially sportswear are
given below with brief description.
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a. Hydrated Inorganic Salt
Hydrated salts are significant importance to use in Thermal Energy Storage (TES) due
to relatively high thermal conductivity (~0.5W/m°C), high volumetric storage density
(~350MJ/m3) and moderate costs compared to the linear chain hydrocarbons.
Hydrated inorganic salts with “n” water molecules are very important due to the heat
absorbing and heat releasing temperature interval is from 20°C to 40°C.
b. Linear long chain hydrocarbon
Hydrophobic linear hydrocarbons are the by products of the oil refinery and have the
general formula CnH2n+2. These materials are inexpensive, having no toxicity and
bigger source of raw materials available at different melting temperature ranges
according to the no. of carbon items present in the Paraffin. The mostly suitable linear
chain hydrocarbons have temperature -5.5°C and 37.5 °C. The phase change
temperature can be chosen for the specific applications by selecting the no. of carbon
atoms of the hydrocarbons. These are the most important materials used thermal
energy storage (TES) and the thermo regulated textiles such as sportswear. The
melting temperature of n-Eisocane is 37.5 °C which is about human body and heat
emission of the hydrocarbons.
c. Poly Ethylene Glycol
One of the important PCMs for the textile applications is Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG). The
commercially available paraffin is cheap which contains a moderate thermal storage density
of (~200kJ/kg) and wide range of melting temperatures. The repeating unit of PEG is ox
ethylene (-o-CH2-CH2-) n. The melting temperature of the PEG is usually proportional to the
molecular weight.
PCM working in sports wear
The phase change materials could be encapsulated in the form of liquid before
applying to the textile structure. The capsules diameter varies between 1Om to 30 Om. The
benefits of applying the PCMs in the capsule form are these are resistant to the mechanical
actions, heat and chemical resistant. These materials reply to the changing environment in the
following manners.
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The temperature rises: When the temperature of the body raised due to the higher
ambient temperature more than the melting temperature of the PCM, the core material (Phase
change material) reacts accordingly and absorbs heat. By absorbing heat chemical bonds are
broken and phase change material is started converting from solid to liquid state. During the
melting process PCMs absorbs heat energy from the surrounding and stores extra energy.
The temperature falls: when the temperature of the body decreased due to lower ambient
temperature less than the crystallization temperature of the PCM, the core material (phase
change material) reacts accordingly and releases the previous stored heat. By releasing heat
the chemical bond are formed and the core phase change material started converting from
liquid to the solid phase. During the crystallization process releases heat to the surrounding
and wearer feels thermal comfort.
Microcapsules have the following benefits when applied to the garments:
A Cooling effect due to the heat absorption of the Phase change materials
A heating effect due to the heat emission of the phase change materials
A thermo regulating effect for the body by heat absorption or heat emission of the
PCMs which keeps the temperature nearly at the constant level.
As an active thermal barrier effect that is resulted by the heat absorbed or released by
the PCM which helps in regulation of the heat flux generated in the garment, from
human body to the environment and make it suitable according to the thermal needs(
ambient temperature, humidity, pressure of air and physical activity performed).
The fabrics treated with micro capsulated PCMs can absorb 4.44 J/g of heat if it contained
about 23% of the capsule material melamine formaldehyde during the melting process. The
heat absorbed by the capsule material 4.44J/g delayed the increase of temperature on the
clothing. In this manner it helped in increasing thermal comfort and reduced heat stress.
Incorporation of PCM’s in textile
The design and development of PCM have an ability to maintain the thermal energy
storage at worse and normal condition. They are incorporated in textile through
microencapsulation that are consisted on shell and surrounded core material. They are applied
through coating, melt spinning, fiber extrusion method, injection moulding, foam
manufacturing. PCM have linear hydrocarbon chain known as paraffin waxes, hydrated salt,
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polyethylene glycol, fatty acid and mixture of organic and non organic compounds.
Microcapsule application in textile has an advantage that encapsulation prevents the PCM
dispersion in structure, minimizes its evaporation and reduces the reaction of PCM with
environment, provides by increasing heat transfer area and constant volume and permits easy
application without any side effect. In fiber 5-10% microcapsule are incorporated without
effecting softness, drape and strength and no need of processing or washing.
Microcapsules are particles with thickness may be less than one Om and particle size
are vary within the range of less than 1Om and more than 300Om depends on the method of
encapsulation and diameter vary in between 20 to 40 Om. Microcapsules can be produced by
physical and chemical method that are limited to the cost of processing, regulatory affairs and
the use of organic solvents that are concerning to environment and health. Physical
techniques are employed through spray, centrifugal and fluidized bed process and the
chemical are employed through polymerization techniques.
The Cooperation is a miscible process in which the material in dispersed form is
added to the polymer solution and then suspended in aqueous phase condition containing
surface active agent. Micro capsulation is possible by mixing both water in oil or oil in water
method. In this case paraffin/wax in encapsulatation has high energy storage about 145 to
240j/g.
In situ polymerization two liquids water and organic solvent are bringing together to
react each other and form a solid pre condensate. The situ polymerization has the ability to
form a microcapsule with the best ability of diffusion tightness of their walls. In the Micro
capsulation study the situ polymerization methods, effect of stirring rate, ph of reaction
mixture, content of emulsifying agent, capsule diameter etc. in all these study our purpose is
to build a manufacturing that have based on situ polymerization in order to form a
microcapsule of PCM that is used in textile application. Second thing is to make it suitable
for laboratory scale and industrial scale work to save the energy and time.
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It’s Application in Sports Textile
During the sports activity the heat generated by the body can‟t be released properly
into the environment, this is the main cause of increasing thermal stress. But the when the
wearer uses the PCM active garments, the heat is released when it is necessary. In snow
skiing, mountain climbing, cycling and running are the sports where PCM active textile is
widely used.
D3o(de-three-oh)
A new material for different types of impact protection has been introduced under the
trade name d3o. In the normal state, the molecules flow past each other at low rates of
movement, but when they are subject to an impact that would require them to move very
quickly they instantaneously lock together to form a rigid protective barrier. As soon as the
impact has passed, they unlock to provide normal flexibility. Thus the garment does not
restrict body movements as conventional body armour products but give protection when it is
needed. Two versions are described: the three-layer d3o flex where the impact protection is
situated between a stretch outer layer and a moisture wicking inner textile, and the four-layer
d3o armour with an additional armour layer to provide penetration resistance. The base
material for d3o is generally polyurethane, but other polymers are also used. Applications are
foreseen in head, foot and body protection for motorbike riders, downhill skiers, etc.To the
question what does this mean to the average person walking down the street? Basically d3o
offers superior lightweight, flexible impact protection which when integrated into apparel
maintains style, comfort and practicality without compromising mobility. This integration
offers individuals "the edge" through increased control with flexible yet highly effective
protection.
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About D3O
D3O Labs is the name of the company that manufactures and markets their d3o
protective material. The name d3o is basically a mystery - the manufacturers have only given
vague speculations of its origin, that d3o came from the name of the room it was invented or
it's a secret chemical compound that is used in its manufacture, D3O Labs will only say "No
comment".
D3O Labs is the provider of solutions for impact protection material. They
manufacture and license their unique patented material, which combines enhanced chemistry
and engineering to produce a high performance shock absorbing protective system. It is a
high-tech material, in D3O Lab's own words, "intelligent molecules", so for lightweight top-
quality protective material, built into BMX, mountain bike, ski and snowboard body armor,
you ARE getting what you pay for. Material that is as comfortable as, for instance, a soft
knee pad but with intelligent molecules that react to impacts, tightening and reflecting the
force throughout the material allowing d3o to protect as well as any hard shell knee pad.
D3O Material Development
D3O is comprised of a polymer composite which contains a chemically engineered
dilatants, an energy absorber. This basic material has been adapted and enhanced to meet
specific performance standards and applications. Initially d3o is formed as a gel, almost like a
Silly Putty, except that it's, well, bullet proof. The d3o material used in protective gear
applications is almost taffy like, softer and a bit stiffer then any regular foam rubber, a
consistency like unto an old foam camping pad, but it doesn't feel like you could pull chunks
off (because you can't).
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Partner d3o Materials
D3O has patented a unique polymer composite which contains a chemically engineered
dilatant so that it functions as an energy absorber. This basic material has been chemically
enhanced to allow the material to be adapted to meet specific performance applications and
typically is offered in three solutions: ST, XT and SHOCK+.
ST is a lightweight material formulation typically applied to components in the
automotive market. It‟s flexible and high performing so you can feel safe when you
use it. It is Lightweight, Flexible and Strong performance at ambient temperatures.
The XT material is our newest formulation and the best performing shock absorber
across a wide range of temperatures. It is lightweight and particularly impressive at
high temperatures. The material is temperature stable, lightweight and high
performing shock absorber.
Shock+ is extremely durable. It performs particularly well at cold temperatures and
can be used in a wide variety of products. The material has great shock
absorption,durable, andideal for extreme environments.
Application of d3o
A few examples of d3o's use to date can be seen in a vast range of products such as
GS race suits from Spyder as worn by the US ski team in the 2006 Winter Olympics; Sell's
Contour goal keeper gloves for football (soccer) and Pro Pad shinguards; Racer MCR
motorcycle gloves; ski and snow apparel manufacturers such as Schoeffel, Reusche, Kjus
and Sessions have all adopted d3o, Sessions producing the world's first base layer combined
with the impact protection technology and finally the 07/08 winter season is set to introduce
Quiksilver and Ignite beanies containing d3o to the market for soft headwear with added
protection, not a replacement to a helmet but better than a beanie!
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Shape Memory Materials
Shape memory materials (SMMs) react to changing environmental conditions
generally increasing and decreasing temperature by changing their geometrical shape. Shape
memory materials are smart materials that have the ability to return from a deformed state
(temporary shape) to their original (permanent) shape induced by an external right stimulus
(trigger), such as temperature change.This phenomenon is known as the shape memory effect
(SME), and it has been found in a number of material systems, including some alloys,
polymers and ceramics etc. Shape memory effects can also be utilised in several types of
functional textile and clothing products:
· Variable thermal insulation through SMM spacer elements between liner and outer fabric.
· Variable moisture permeability membranes.
· Shock damping materials.
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) were first developed where the transition is due to a
phase change between austenite and martensite. In shape memory polymers (SMPs) the
change occurs as glass transition or melting. SMPs have several advantages over SMAs,
which are valuable in the textile applications: low density, good mould ability, low cost, glass
transition temperature variable between 30o
c and .70o
C, potential biocompatibility and
biodegradability, high capacity for elastic deformation.
Shape memory Polymer
Shape memory polymers are polymers whose qualities have been altered to give them
dynamic shape "memory" properties. Using thermal stimuli, shape memory polymers can
exhibit a radical change from a rigid polymer to a very elastic state, and then back to a rigid
state again. In its elastic state, it will recover its “memory” shape if left unrestrained.
However, while pliable it can be stretched, folded, or otherwise conformed to other shapes,
tolerating up to 200% elongation.While manipulated, the shape memory polymer can be
cooled and therefore returned to a rigid state, maintaining its manipulated shape indefinitely.
This manipulation process can be repeated many times without degradation. Word done on
the polymer to solidify gets stored in the polymer as latent strain energy. Shape memory
polymers (SMP) can be stimulated by temperature, pH (the level of acidity or alkalinity),
chemicals, electrical energy and light. They are able to sense and respond to external stimuli
in pre-determined shape.
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In terms of chemical structure, SMP's can be considered as phase segregated linear
block co-polymers having a hard segment and a soft segment. The hard segment acts as a
frozen phase and the soft segment acts as the reversible phase. The ratio by weight of the
hard segment: soft segments are between about 5:95 and 95:5, preferably between 20:80 and
80:20. The reversible phase transformation of the soft segment is responsible for the shape
memory effect.The polymer materials have various characteristics such as from hard glass to
soft rubber. Shape memory polymers however, have the characteristic of both of them and
their elasticity modulus show reversible change with the transition temperature.
Most of the thermally induced shape memory polymers (SMP‟s) have a one-way
shapememory effect: they remember one permanent shape formed at the higher temperature,
while many temporary shapes are possible at lower temperatures for which the systems do not
haveany memory. A two-way thermally induced SMP will remember two permanent shapes,
one formed at higher temperature and one formed at lower temperature. Bythermally cycling
the system, these types of polymeric materials will take two different shapes depending on the
temperature. These shape memory systems areengineered at the molecular level for the
requiredbehaviour.
Bi-component fibres with substantially different coefficients of thermal expansion
(CTE) can also produce thermally-induced shape memory effects viaone structurally
engineering the fibre rather than engineering the polymer. Bi-component fibres also havetwo
distinct phases,one with the high CTE component and one with the low CTE phase. The net
thermal and elasticity effects on the fibre, resulting from the competition of thermally
induced expansions, result in the system remembering all of the temperature dependent
“permanent” shapes, and thus providing a multitude of permanent shapes or two-way
variablememory effects.
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Features of Shape Memory Polymers:
Super elasticity (high deformability) above the transition temperature to avoid
residual strain (permanent deformation).
Rapid fixing of temporary shape by immobilising the polymeric chains without creep.
SMPs possess two material phases. The glass and the rubber phases. In the glass
phase, the material is rigid and cannot be easily deformed.
When the temperature is greater than "Glass transition temperature", the material
enters the soft rubber phase and becomes easily deformable.
Properties of SMP
Extent of deformation (%) = up to 200%
Density / g cm3
= 0.9 to 1.1
Critical temperature / °c = -10°C to 100°C
Recovery speeds minutes = <1second to several min.
Corrosion performance = excellent
Processing conditions = < 200°C , low pressure
Can be biodegradable
Application of SMP in Sportswear
It can be used to provide thermal insulation in both hot and cold climatic situations. In
cold protective clothing, a high thermal insulation is generally achieved by using a low-
density wadding or similar material between the outer shell and the lining fabrics. The air
content of the wadding provides most of the insulation. A bi-material laminated film
consisting of a layer of SMP and a layer of a compatible film can be used as a substitute for
the wadding. With a glass transition temperature of, say, 25o
C, the SMP will shrink by some
3% and become rigid at that temperature, with an out-of-plane deformation (Fig). The
increased distance y between the fabric layers gives increased thermal insulation at the lower
temperature.
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Fig .The SMP component of the laminated film shrinks at 25o
C and causes anincreased
distance y between the two clothing layers.
Actuation for heat protection at elevated temperatures (steam, boiling water, hot
fluids, etc.) is achieved with a thin film that has been pretextured with an embossed pattern.
A temporary flat shape is achieved by calendaring the embossed film, and this flat film will
be used in the clothing. On exposure to high temperatures of 55o
C and above, a reversion of
the textured shape occurs and provides heat protection.
An SMP membrane with flexible moisture barrier property has beenpresented with
the trade name Diaplex by Mitsubishi Heavy Industry. The function is based on a change in
the micro-Brownian motion in the segmental polyurethane structure. The molecular structure
is rigid at temperatures below the activation point and prevents permeation of water
molecules. When the temperature rises above the activation point the thermal vibration of the
softmolecule segments creates gaps between the membrane molecules, thusincreasing the
moisture permeability. The activation temperature can betailored by changing the polymer
structure.
A drysuit (developed by U.S army) keeps the wearer dry in cold water and which can
also be worn in a warm air environment without causing discomfort from sweating can be
used as sportswear.
For clothing applications, the desirable temperatures for the shape memory effect to
be triggered will be near body temperature. In practice, a shape memory alloy is usually in
the shape of a spring. The spring is flat below the activation temperature but becomes
extended above it. By incorporating these alloys between the layers of a garment, the gap
between the layers can be substantially increased above the activation temperature.
Consequently, considerably improved protection against external heat is provided.
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The SMP membrane can be applied on to the sportswear, due to which when the
temperature raises above certain critical temperature the intermolecular rupture of membrane
takes place which increases the pores due to which breathability, moisture and heat regulation
of the body increases.
Auxetic material
When stretched in the longitudinal direction, auxetic materials get fatter rather than
thinner, in contrast to conventional materials. Poisson's ratio, which is defined as the ratio of
the lateral contractile strain to the longitudinal tensile strain for materials undergoing uniaxial
tension in the longitudinal direction, is in the region of 0.2±0.4 for most solids. Auxetic
materials have a negative Poisson's ratio.
Auxetic materials have previously been utilised, for example as graphite core
structures in nuclear reactors. Polymeric and metallic auxetic foams with convoluted cell
structures were developed in the 1980s and found various uses in packaging, sound
insulation, filtration, shock absorption and sponge materials. As a result of more recent
research work, production of auxetic polymers with specifically tailored properties is now
possible, and fibres of auxetic polypropylene have been produced at the Bolton Institute in
the UK. Currently, the use of auxetic materials in textiles is limited to the expanded PTFE
membranes, where the auxetic property is not really utilised. However,there is a growing
interest in future clothing applications for personal protection (energy absorption and impact
resistance) and supportive garments (constant pressure structures). Other auxetic fibre
applications are expected in fibre-reinforced composites (fibre pull-out resistance, tough
fracture, energy absorption and impact resistance), filtration (release of entrapped particles,
microporous structure), medical bandages (wear resistance, constant pressure).
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Conclusion
The possible use of smart materials and wearable technologies opens new
perspectives in the field of functional clothing for sports textile.
Extensive research activities in universities and research institutes as well as in
companies worldwide had proceeded and brought new solutions to the market.
The applications that have been presented here are just the tips of the eyesberg of
products that would become a commercial product in the nearby future.
Sportswear is the one of the most promising applications for SFIT (smart fabrics and
intelligent textile).
Products which change their properties according to the physical performance and/are
the environmental conditions are practically obtaining more focus in the sports wear
market.
Through the presentation of the paper we find ourselves proud to show the future of
sports textile.
At this stage we cannot describe it completely because this technology is in the
developing stage.
References
Textile in sports edited by R.Shishoo
The Indian Textile Journal (December 2010) Page no. 11
Technical Textile International (July/August 2012) Page no. 9
Wikipedia
http://www.crgrp.com/technology/portfolio/veriflex.html
http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=6038
http://www.gzespace.com/gzenew/index.php?pg=shape_memory_polimer&lang=en
http://www.ntcresearch.org/pdf-rpts/AnRp05/M05-GT14-A5.pdf
University of Boras ( Application of Ultra Smart Textiles in Sportswear and
Garments) 26.05.2010
World Active Sportswear Journal (June 2011) Page no. 20
Textile Asia Journal (January 2009) Page no. 12
Texincon (1991 to 2010)
Textilveredlung (1993, April) Page no.5
www.fibresource.com