Needle punching technique by Vignesh Dhanabalan
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Needle punching is a mechanical process that uses barbed needles to reposition fibers from a horizontal to a vertical orientation in fiber webs. The needle penetration penetrates the web, interlocking the fibers and increasing fiber orientation and fabric strength. Key parameters that affect the needle punching process include fiber and web properties, needle penetration depth, punch density, needle arrangement, and the direction of needling passes. Needle punching is used to manufacture nonwoven fabrics for applications like shoe felts, blankets, automotive insulation, carpet backing, and composites.
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The document provides information about circular knitting machines. It defines knitting as transforming yarn into interlocking loops. Circular knitting creates seamless tubes using circular needles or machines. Machine parts include the frame, power supply, yarn feeding system, and quality control components. Circular knitting machines are used to produce fabrics for various garments and other materials. Modern machines feature computer controls to monitor functions like speed and stops.
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1. Twill weave is a type of fabric woven with a diagonal parallel pattern created by passing the weft over one warp thread and under two or more.
2. The document discusses the classification, features, and derivatives of twill weaves. Twill weaves are classified based on construction method, direction of twill lines, prominence of warp or weft threads, and nature of the twill line.
3. Derivatives include zigzag, herringbone, broken, and curved twills created by reversing the twill direction periodically. Wavy twills introduce horizontal or vertical zigzag patterns by reversing the twill across or along the fabric.
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This document discusses different types of shuttleless looms. It classifies shuttleless looms into three categories: partially guided solid carrier looms like projectile looms; fully guided solid carrier looms like rapier looms; and fluid carrier looms like air jet and water jet looms. Projectile looms use small projectiles to carry the weft yarn through the shed, rapier looms use fork-like rapiers, and fluid carrier looms use compressed air or water to propel the weft yarn. Shuttleless looms are faster, quieter, and produce better fabric quality than shuttle looms.
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Jacquard fabrics are complex patterned fabrics created using jacquard looms or knitting machines. There are several types of jacquard fabrics including brocade, damask, French jacquard, poly x catonic jacquard, jacquard nets, velour jacquard, blackout fabrics, and matelasse. Jacquard fabrics can be used for clothing, home decor, upholstery, and more. The jacquard loom was invented in 1801 and allowed for intricate patterns through individually controlled warp threads. Modern jacquard looms are computer controlled and can produce large intricate patterns without repeats.
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Leveling agents are chemicals that help promote even dye distribution on fabrics during dyeing. They work by slowing the initial dye uptake to allow more uniform absorption over time. Leveling agents are classified as anionic, cationic, or non-ionic depending on their ionic nature, and include compounds like fatty acids, alcohols, and alkyl aryl sulphonates. Their effectiveness is tested by measuring factors like strike percentage and active content to evaluate uniformity. Careful selection of leveling agent type and concentration is needed to control dye exhaustion for consistent color without compromising yield.
Textiles In Aircraft by Vignesh Dhanabalan, Published in Asian Textile Journa...
The document discusses the use of composite materials like carbon fiber in aerospace applications. It notes that the Boeing 787 aircraft in 2006 consisted of 50% carbon fiber by weight. Carbon fiber composites provide benefits like reduced weight, enhanced comfort, insulation, resistance to temperature extremes and water/fuels. They are 20-50% lighter than traditional materials like steel. Some common applications of composites mentioned include aircraft components, seats, seatbelts, tires, rocket blades, fuel tanks and more. The document also discusses stealth technologies used in military aircraft through the use of radar-absorbent materials and shape design.
Medical Textiles by Vignesh Dhanabalan
The document discusses various types of medical textiles including their applications and fabric structures. It covers implantable materials like surgical sutures, dressings, vascular grafts and artificial joints as well as non-implantable extracorporeal devices. It also discusses healthcare and hygiene products like surgical gowns, diapers and their key properties. The document provides classifications and examples of different medical textiles used for various applications.
Multi phase and circular loom by Vignesh Dhanabalan
1. Multiphase weaving machines operate using either the warp direction shed wave principle or the weft direction shed wave principle to open multiple sheds simultaneously and insert weft yarn in multiple locations at once.
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3. Key components of multiphase looms include shed forming elements to open sheds in waves across the loom width, weft insertion using compressed air, and beat-up combs to consolidate the fabric.
Sizing by Vignesh Dhanabalan
Sizing is done to protect yarn from abrasion and improve its breaking strength, smoothness, and elasticity. It also decreases static electricity and hairiness. The optimal add-on percentage protects the yarn adequately without compromising flexibility. Size paste contains essential ingredients like starch, binders, wetting agents, and secondary additives. The uptake percentage and sizing type (pure, light, medium, heavy) depend on fiber type and yarn properties. Sizing benefits include reduced abrasion and static, but disadvantages include added cost, processing time, and stiffness.
Agro tech by Vignesh Dhanabalan
The document discusses agro textiles, which are textile materials used in agriculture. It describes how agro textiles are used in sectors like agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and fishing. Some key agro textile products discussed include shade nets, anti-bird nets, anti-hail nets, harvesting nets, wind protection nets, greenhouse covers, weed control fabric, and tree shelters. The document also examines factors influencing agro textiles like sunlight, water, and climate conditions. It analyzes the Indian agriculture industry and reasons for its low productivity, and argues for more government intervention and organization of the sector to boost agro textile usage.
Agro textiles by Vignesh Dhanabalan
This document discusses agro textiles and their applications. It describes that agro textiles are used in horticulture, farming, and agricultural activities to provide benefits like enhanced quality, higher yields, fewer damages, and bearable losses. It then lists some common fiber materials used in agro textiles, including nylon, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, jute, and wool. The document goes on to discuss key properties required of agro textiles like weather resistance, resistance to microorganisms, stable construction, and being lightweight. It provides examples of applications for agro textiles such as hail protection fabrics, wind protection fabrics, shade fabrics, insect repellent fabrics, harvesting aids,
Rapier loom by Vignesh Dhanabalan
The document discusses the rapier loom weaving process. A rapier loom uses a rapier device to pull the weft yarn across the loom. It can use a single rapier or double rapier system. In a single rapier loom, a long rigid rapier extends across the full width. In a double rapier loom, two rapiers enter from opposite sides and transfer the weft between them in the center. The document describes different types of rapier systems including rigid, flexible, telescopic, and their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses weft insertion methods like tip transfer and loop transfer systems.
Weaving calculation by Vignesh Dhanabalan
This document provides calculations for weaving fabrics. It outlines formulas to calculate fabric weight based on warp and weft density, count, and crimp percentage. It also describes classifications of fabric weights from sheer to heavy. Additional sections explain how to find yarn count and crimp percentage, calculate weft consumption per pick and shift, and determine weft carrier velocity. The document is authored by Vignesh Dhanabalan and provides contact information.
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1. The document discusses cosmetic textiles which impart active cosmetic substances to clothing through microencapsulation technology. Microencapsulation involves coating solid or liquid active ingredients in thin polymer walls to allow controlled release.
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Smart textiles that can regulate temperature, absorb impact, and adapt to environmental conditions are increasingly being used in sportswear. Phase change materials (PCMs) that absorb and release heat at specific temperatures are well-suited for this. PCMs like paraffin waxes and hydrated salts can be encapsulated and incorporated into textiles. When the body temperature rises above the PCM's melting point, it absorbs heat, and when the temperature falls below the crystallization point, it releases heat. This helps regulate an athlete's temperature. PCM-treated fabrics have been shown to delay temperature increases and reduce heat stress. Other smart materials like shape memory alloys are also being used in sports equipment and clothing
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This document discusses ballistic protection textiles used in body armor. It begins by explaining the mechanisms by which ballistic fabrics absorb energy from projectiles, including deformation of fabric layers and dissipation of impact energy across layers. Common ballistic fibers mentioned include Kevlar, Twaron, Spectra, and Dyneema. Woven and non-woven fabrics are discussed, as well as standards for rating bulletproof vests. The document also briefly touches on future materials being researched for ballistic protection applications.
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This document discusses kapok fibre, including its structure, properties, and applications. Kapok fibre is a natural cellulosic fibre extracted from the kapok tree. It has a hollow tubular structure that makes it buoyant, compressible, and an excellent sound and heat insulator. Due to its hydrophobic waxy surface and hollow structure, kapok fibre can absorb large amounts of oil but not water. Some applications of kapok fibre include use in upholstery, bedding, insulation, and as a material for life jackets and lifebuoys due to its oil absorbency and buoyancy.
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- 1. Needle punching Process A physical method of mechanically interlocking fiber webs by using barbed needles to reposition some of the fibers from a horizontal to a vertical orientation. vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com
- 2. Principle of Needlepunching Process vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com
- 4. Effect of Needle penetration vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com
- 5. Parts of Needle and Type vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com
- 7. Fibre Parameters โ Fibre Type (Natural or Synthetic) โ Linear density or denier โ Length โ Crimp level โ Tensile Properties โ Cross-sectional Shape โ Surface Finish vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com
- 8. Web Parameters โ Web area density โ Thickness โ Orientation of fibres โ Web type vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com
- 9. Needle Penetration Depth of barb penetration is defined as the longest distance that the first barb travels below the lower surface of the web vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com
- 10. Effect of Needle Penetration vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com
- 11. Effect of Needle Penetration (Cont.) vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com
- 12. Effect of Needle Penetration on Fabric Properties Needle Penetration (in.) Fabric Weight (g/m2) Fabric Density (g/cm3) Initial Modulus (g/tex) Tenacity (g/tex) Breaking Extension (%) 1/8 230 0.042 0.3 0.25 45 1/4 240 0.044 0.42 0.40 43 3/8 195 0.046 0.55 0.50 44 1/2 195 0.047 0.68 0.71 35 5/8 160 0.043 0.74 0.66 30 3/4 160 0.043 0.59 0.45 30 vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com
- 13. Needlepunching Process Parameters โ Arrangement of needles in needle-board โ Effective length of needle-board โ Punch density โ Depth of needle penetration โ Diameter of the holes in stripper and bed plates โ Distance between the two plates at entrance and exit vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com
- 14. Direction of Needling โ Passing the same side of the web and second by feeding alternating sides of the web in consecutive passes. โ Alternating the side of the web facing the needles caused less fibre breakage. โ Fibre stress caused by the previous needling pass was superimposed by the subsequent pass. โ Significant strength reduction. vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com
- 15. Punching Force The force which is generated as a result of the resistance offered by the fibres being transported (reoriented) by the penetrating barbs is defined as Punching Force. vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com
- 16. Punch density โ The density of needles in the needle board (Nd) โ The rate of material feed โ The frequency of punching โ The effective width of the needle board (NbT) โ The number of runs โ n= number of needles within a needleboard โ F = frequency of punching โ V = rate of material feed โ W = effective width of the needle board Edpass = [n*F] / [V*W] vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com
- 17. Applications โ Shoe felts โ Blankets โ Automotive insulation โ Carpet backing โ Wall coverings โ Composites โ Geo textiles โ Felts โ Padding โ Filters vigneshdhanabalan@hotmail.com