Yarn count expresses the coarseness or fineness of yarn and is measured using various systems. There are indirect and direct count systems, with indirect systems like cotton using length per unit weight and direct systems like jute using weight per unit length. Various instruments can measure count, including the quadrant balance for short lengths, warp reel and balance method for longer lengths, and Beesley's balance for small fabric samples. Count affects properties like thickness and strength and is an important consideration in textile manufacturing.

2. Total Textile Process at a Glance

3. Definition : Count is the numerical expression which
express/indicates coarseness or fineness of yarn.
A definition of yarn count is given by textile institute
“count a number indicating the mass per unit length or the
length per unit mass of yarn”
Object of yarn count :
1.To know about the count.
2. To know the different count conversion formula.
3. To know the application of count.
4 To know the measurement of count

8. Several systems and unit are used for expressing the
yarn number. Depending on the material used for
preparing the yarn.
1. Indirect system
2. Direct system
3. Universal system
Indirect system:
In this system the count is the number of units of
length per unit of weight of yarn. In this case higher
the count, finer is the yarn. This system is generally
used for cotton, woolen, worsted linnet.

9. Let N=The yarn number or count
W=The weight of the sample
w= The unit of weight of the system
L= The weight of the sample
l= The length of the sample
Then, N= L×w/l×W
Direct system
In this system the count of the yarn is the number of units of weights
per unit length of yarn. This system is used for jute silk and
synthetic etc.
Let N= The yarn number or count
W= The weight of the sample
L= The weight of the sample
l= The length of the sample
Then, N=W×l/L

10. Universal system
Tex system of yarn numbering is called as universal
system. This is direct system of yarn numbering and
introduce by international standards organization.
Count in different system:
1.Tex:
Count in the tex system is the weight in grams of 1000m
or 1 km of yarn
2.Denier:
The number of count in the denier system is the weight
in gm s of 9000m or 9km of yarn.

11. 3.Ponuds per spindle:
The yarn in he pound per spindle system is the weight in pound of
14400yards of yarns of yarn.
4.English system:
The yarn number or count is defined as the number of hanks 840yds
per pound.
5.Metric:
It is defined as the no of hanks (1000m)per kg
6.Worsted:
It is defined as the number of hanks(560yds) per pound.
7.Millitex:
Count in the millitex system is the weight in milligram of 1km of yarn.
8.kolotex:
Count in the kilotex system is the weight in the milligram of 1km of
yarn.
9.Wollen:
Count in wollen system is the weight in grain of 20yds of yarns

12. Conversion of count system
There are four systems for conversion of yarn count from one system
to another system:
1 Indirect to indirect
2 Direct to direct
3 Indirect to direct
4 Direct to indirect
Units of length and weight in counting system
Indirect system
Name of system Weight unit length unit
Cotton-English 1 lb Hank of 840yards
Cotton-French 1/2kg Hank of 1000yards
Cotton –Metric 1 kg Hank of 1000yards
Spun -silk1 1 lb Hank of 840yards
Linen 1 lb leans of 300yards
Worsted 1 lb Hank of 560yards

13. Direct system
Na. of system weight unit length unit
Jute, hemp 1lb 14400 yards
Tex 1gram 1000metre
Denier 1gram 9000metre

15. Some method of measuring the count
1. Quadrant balance method.
2. Knowles balance.
3. Beesleys balance.
4. Sliver, roving count by measuring drum.
5. Count data system.
6. Auto sorter by user.
7. Warp reel and balance method

16. Warp reel and balance method:
By this standard method of count testing the count of any
type of a yarn can be calculated
principle: The count of yarn is numerical expression which
indicates coarseness or fineness of yarn there are two
system of determining yarn count,
1) Indirect system N=L×w/l×W
2) Direct system N=W×l/L
Where W=the weight of sample
.w=the unit of weight of weight of the
, system
L=the length of weight of the sample
. l=the unit of length of the system

17. Figure: warp reel and balance

18. Apparatus:
warp reel, balance, weight box
Specimen: cotton yarns in hank from.
Working principle:
1.At first warp reel was adjusted accordingly and yarn was passed from the
cone through the guides.
2.The length of the sample was measured by the warp reel counter.
3.In case of cotton the circumference of warp reel is 1yds and required yarn is
120yds again in case of jute warp reel circumference is 2.5yds and required
yarn is 300yds.
4. In the case of cotton warp reel is drive by motor and jute warp reel is
manually operated. In the case of cotton yarn stop automatically when the
specified amount of yarn is wound on itr.
5.The sample is weighted by balance
6.The operation is repeated 12to 16 times and taking their means count is
calculated direct system.

19. Quadrant balance method
It is a type of typical balance .it is a direct reading instrument. The count can be directly
measure from quadrant balance.
Scope:
count of small length of yarn up to 40yds can be measured directly from this deveice.the
weight of the sample of sample of fabric can also be measure.

20. Principle:
The count of yarn expression coarseness or fineness of yarn.
1) Indirect system N=L×w/l×W
2) Direct system N=W×l/L
Where W=the weight of sample
.w=the unit of weight of weight of the system
L=the length of weight of the sample
. l=the unit of length of the system
Apparatus
Quadrant balance, measuring scale, blade.
Specimen
Cotton yarn roving or sliver from.
Working procedure
1. A given length of sample (4yds of cotton) was measured by measuring scale.
2. adjusting the quadrant balance the sample is hung in its hook and from the respective
scale, count is directly measured.
3. Three type of scale are present in quadrant balance.
4. 1.4yds for sliver (hank)
5. 2.20yds for roving (hank)
6. 3.840yds for yarn (count)
7. the operation is represented 16 times and mean is calculatedThe mean will be the
count.

21. Beesley’s balance
Scope: when a cotton yarn is supplied in short length or removed from fabric the
count of yarn can be measured by a special type of balance is called Beesleys
balance

22. Principle:
** The instrument consist of simple bean with a small hook at one end and a
pointer at other end.
**the beam is initially leveled to bring the opposite to datum line.
**a standard weight is hanged in a notch on the beam arm on the pointer side of
the pivot.
**a template is used to cut short fiber of yarn. These short length yarns are
added on hook until the pointer is opposite to the datum line.
**the yarn count is the number of fibers required to balabce.
Working procedure
**Firstly the selection of template i.e. short (half ) cotton ,long (1/2) cotton. this
section depends upon available of the sample
**the yarn is cut by using template and blade
**the cut is hung to the hook and counted their number
**the whole operation was repeated for 10times and their mean given the result
Use: to measure the count of yarn of small piece of fabric this balance an be
used.

23. Fig: analytical balance
Figure of some instrument for cotton determination

24. Fig: Sliver roving count by measuring drum

25. Exclusive Data:
To determine count of yarn is a process which is an easy task but once the
fabric is made and during the process of weaving/bleaching/dyeing etc. the
yarn count decreases/increases. Hence to determine count ‘HIROSHIMA’
BEESLEY BALANCE helps to determine yarn count of fabrics.
It comprises of a balance in which it is provided with a pointer which on one
side corresponds to a datum line and the other side is provided with a
hook/hanger where the specimen is hanged. In the middle of the pointer
there is a small notch provided where either small or large hook-weight is
to be placed. On the placement of the hook-weight in the notch, the
pointer would fall in a downward position from the datum line. Place the
yarn one by one after cutting it according to the template provided till it
corresponds to the datum line and the No. of yarns would give the Fabric
Yarn Count.
This is the easiest and the most economical method to determine the fabric
yarn count by “HIROSHIMA” Beesley Balance.

26. Remark:
In the conclusion it can be said that by this assignment we
know many thing about the count our honorable
teacher was very helpful to make this assignment.
Reference:
1. http://www.textiletestings.com/cloth_pilling_tester.htm
2. PRINCIPAL OF TEXTILE TESTING
3. J.E.BOOTH
4. CLASS LECTURE OF T.T.Q.C
5. S.M. MASUM ALAM