The document outlines the classification of research, emphasizing the systematic inquiry process involving data collection, documentation, and analysis. It distinguishes between quantitative research, which focuses on numerical data and hypothesis testing, and qualitative research, which emphasizes meaning-making through non-numerical data and flexible methodologies. The comparison highlights their differing approaches, purposes, and data collection techniques.

1. Classification of Research

2. Research is a process of systematic
inquiry that entails collection of data;
documentation of critical information;
and analysis and interpretation of that
data/information, in accordance with
suitable methodologies set by specific
professional fields and academic
disciplines.
Research is conducted to evaluate the
validity of a hypothesis or an interpretive
framework; to assemble a body of
substantive knowledge and findings for
sharing them in appropriate manners; and
to generate questions for further
inquiries.

3. Classification of research
 Research Methods vs. Methodology
 Descriptive vs. Analytical
 Conceptual vs. Empirical
 Applied vs. Fundamental
 Quantitative vs. Qualitative

9. Quantitative research is defined as a systematic
investigation of phenomena by gathering quantifiable data
and performing statistical, mathematical, or computational
techniques. Quantitative research collects information
from existing and potential customers using sampling
methods and sending out online surveys, online
polls, questionnaires, etc., the results of which can be
depicted in the form of numerical.

10. Qualitative research is a scientific
method of observation to gather non-numerical data, while
focusing on meaning-making. This often occurs through
"case study, personal experience, introspection, life story,
interview, artifacts, and cultural texts and productions,
along with observational, historical, interactional, and
visual texts.“

11. QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
 Its purpose is to explain
social life
 Is nomothetic – interested
in establishing law-like
statements, causes,
consequences, etc
 Aims at theory testing
 Employs an objective
approach
 Its purpose is to
understand social life
 Is ideographic –
describes reality as it is
 Aims at theory building
 Employs a subjective
approach

12.  Is etiological – interested
in explanations over
space and time
 Is a closed approach – is
strictly planned
 Research process is
predetermined
 Uses a rigid and static
approach
Qualitative
research
 Is historical – interested
in real cases
 Is open and flexible in all
aspects
 Research process is
influenced by the
respondent
 Uses a dynamic approach

13. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
 Employs an inflexible
process
 Is particularistic,
studies elements,
variables
 Employs random
sampling
 Employs a flexible
process
 Is holistic – studies
whole units
 Employs theoretical
sampling

14.  Places priority on
studying differences
 Employs a reductive
data analysis
 Employs high levels
of measurement
 Employs a deductive
approach
 Places priority on
studying similarities
 Employs an
explicative data
analysis
 Employs low levels
of measurement
 Employs an
inductive approach
Qualitative research