This document provides an introduction to research methodology. It defines research as a systematic process of enunciating a problem, formulating a hypothesis, collecting and analyzing facts, and reaching conclusions. The objectives of research are to gain familiarity with phenomena, portray characteristics of individuals or groups, determine frequency of occurrences, and test causal relationships. Motivations for research include the desire to solve problems, gain intellectual joy, help society, gain respect, and obtain degrees. Research methodology helps qualitatively control the research process and validate results. It involves the logic and design of research, including methods for data collection, analysis, and evaluation.

1. Introduction to ResearchIntroduction to Research
MethodologyMethodology

2. Meaning of ResearchMeaning of Research
Systematic investigation towards increasing theSystematic investigation towards increasing the
sum of knowledgesum of knowledge
(Chambers 20th Century Dictionary)(Chambers 20th Century Dictionary)
 It refers to a systematic method consisting ofIt refers to a systematic method consisting of
enunciating the problem, formulating aenunciating the problem, formulating a
hypothesis, collecting the facts ,analyzing thehypothesis, collecting the facts ,analyzing the
facts and reaching certain conclusions.facts and reaching certain conclusions.

3. Objectives of researchObjectives of research
To gain familiarity with a phenomenon orTo gain familiarity with a phenomenon or
to achieve insights into it.to achieve insights into it.
To portray the characteristics of aTo portray the characteristics of a
particular individual, situation or a group.particular individual, situation or a group.

4. Continued…Continued…
To determine the frequency with whichTo determine the frequency with which
something occurs or its association withsomething occurs or its association with
something else.something else.
To test a hypothesis of a casualTo test a hypothesis of a casual
relationship between variables.relationship between variables.

5. Motivation in researchMotivation in research
 Motivation for Research :Motivation for Research :
Desire to face challenge of solving the unsolved.Desire to face challenge of solving the unsolved.
Desire to get intellectual joyDesire to get intellectual joy
Desire to be of service to societyDesire to be of service to society
Desire to get respectabilityDesire to get respectability
Desire to get a research degreeDesire to get a research degree
 Motivation for Research Methodology:Motivation for Research Methodology:
Qualitatively control research processQualitatively control research process
Validate research resultsValidate research results
Compare research approachesCompare research approaches
Respect rules of good scientific practiceRespect rules of good scientific practice

6. Types of researchTypes of research
Descriptive Vs AnalyticalDescriptive Vs Analytical
Applied Vs FundamentalApplied Vs Fundamental
Quantitative Vs QualitativeQuantitative Vs Qualitative
Conceptual Vs EmpiricalConceptual Vs Empirical
Other typesOther types

7. Orientations for researchOrientations for research
Quantitative
Research
ExperimentalInferential Simulation
Qualitative

8. Research Vs Common SenseResearch Vs Common Sense
 Research is purely an academic activity VsResearch is purely an academic activity Vs
Inability of managers in the utilization ofInability of managers in the utilization of
research findings.research findings.
 Decisions and problem solving in the scientificDecisions and problem solving in the scientific
way gives better result.way gives better result.
 Commonsense is influenced by society andCommonsense is influenced by society and
culture and give non-conscious ideologies vs.culture and give non-conscious ideologies vs.
Researches corrects misbelieves, generate newResearches corrects misbelieves, generate new
concepts and broaden perspectives.concepts and broaden perspectives.

9. Wheel of ResearchWheel of Research
Improvement
in
theory and problem solving
Observation
and literature
review
Problem
Clarification
Concepts,
constructs
and models
Assumption
And
hypothesis
Research
Design
Data
Collection
Data
Analysis
Interpretations
and
conclusions

10. Research Methods Vs MethodologyResearch Methods Vs Methodology
 Research Methods :All the methods and techniquesResearch Methods :All the methods and techniques
which are used by the researcher during the course ofwhich are used by the researcher during the course of
studying his/her research problem.studying his/her research problem.
Research MethodsResearch Methods
Methods
for
Collection of Data
Statistical techniques
used for
establishing relations
Methods
for Evaluation
of Results obtained

11. Research Methods Vs MethodologyResearch Methods Vs Methodology
Research Methodology: is a way ofResearch Methodology: is a way of
systematically solve the research problem.systematically solve the research problem.
 It may be stated as a science of studying howIt may be stated as a science of studying how
research is done scientifically.research is done scientifically.
 It involves not only the techniques and methodsIt involves not only the techniques and methods
of research but also the logic behind it.of research but also the logic behind it.
 It helps in designing the researchIt helps in designing the research

12. Ethics and Morals In ResearchEthics and Morals In Research
Ethics ,morals and values have a deepEthics ,morals and values have a deep
influence research.influence research.
Ethical issues in researcher andEthical issues in researcher and
respondent relationshiprespondent relationship
Moral responsibility of the researcherMoral responsibility of the researcher
deals with social guidelines anddeals with social guidelines and
constraints upon the techniques andconstraints upon the techniques and
measurement.measurement.