Research methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a topic. In a research paper, the methodology section allows the reader to critically evaluate a study's overall validity and reliability.

1. Misbah Iqbal
Lahore Leads University

2. How to Conduct Interviews

3. • Unstructured interviews
• Semi-structured- interviews
• Structured interviews

4. Most Appropriate Method of
Using pen / Recorder
Sort of Recording Equipment

5. 
Visual Recording

7. Advantages
OA Researcher Can concentrate on
listening to what they SAY .
OA Researcher will be able to
maintain EYE CONTACT .
OHave a complete record of
interview for ANALYSIS .

8. OIf it fails you have no record 0f
Interview .
OSome interviewees may be nervous
of tape-Recorder .

9. Overcome equipment failure
by practice
Checking throughout Interview
write down important issues
because it remain Safe that if
will have some record
equipment failure

10. Visual Recording Equipment

11. Produce the Most
Comprehensive
Recording
Gives a permanent
Record of what is
said and includes the
record of Body
Language
Facial expressions
and Interaction.
Advantage

12. This method can be
expensive
It can be Hard to
transport the
Equipment.
Some interviewees
may be nervous of
visual recording
Equipment.
DISADVANTAGES

13. it is preferable to obtain the help of
someone experienced in the Use
of the equipment. That way you can
concentrate on the interview while someone
else makes sure that it is recorded correctly.

15. Advantages
It is the cheapest
method if on a very
limited Budget .
while you write they
may add more
Information .
Cut and Paste
relevant Information

16. Cannot maintain eye contact all the time.
Tiring taking Notes in Long Interviews..
DISADVANTAGES

17.  Need to develop a type of Short hand.
 Need to learn to write very Quickly.

18. Box
Ticking

19. Advantages
Simple to use.
Easy to analyze.
Easy to compare
information.
Make Notes easily.

20. Disadvantages
No scope for additional Information.
Forces interviewees to answer
in a certain way.
May leave interviewees feeling
that they have not answered in
the way they would have liked
to have done.

21. oMake sure that the questionnaire is
very carefully designed that you cover as
many types of answers as possible.

22.  For structuredinterviews you will need to construct a list of
questions which Is asked in the same order and format to
each participant
• For semi-structured interviews the schedulemay be in the
formof a list of questions or a list of topics
• Do not ask leading questions or struggle for something to
ask.
• There can then be added to the schedule for the next
interview.

23. Cont...
DEVELOPING AN INTERVIEW
SCHEDULE
 Overcome on nerves.
 Focusing your mind.
 Begin with easy Questions.
 Don’t expect in-depth, personal
disclosure immediately.

24.  Brainstorm your research topic.
 Work through your list carefully.
 Categorize each suggestion .
 Think of questions you will want to ask .
HOW TO DEVELOP AN
INTERVIEW SCHEDULE

25. Treat interviewees with respect.
Think about your appearance .
Think about body language.
 Firm eye contact .
Don’t invade their space.
Don’t be afraid of silence.
ESTABLISHING RAPPORT

26. COMPLETING THE INTERVIEW
 Negotiate a length of time for the
interviews and stick to it, unless the
interviewees are happy to continue.
 Do not disclose information to third
parties unless you have received
permission to do so.