The document discusses the differences between qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Qualitative research aims to understand perspectives and experiences through open-ended questions and interpretation, while quantitative research tests theories through numerical data and statistical analysis. Some key differences include qualitative being subjective versus quantitative being objective, and qualitative seeking to explore processes versus quantitative seeking to measure relationships and outcomes.

1. Qualitative vs. Quantitative

2. Universal Specific Explanatory Descriptive Subjective Objective Universal ------------------------------ Specific Objective ------------------------------ Subjective Explanatory ---------------------------- Descriptive QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE

3. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES Research Methods Qualitative Research Quantitative Research

4. Definitions of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Quantitative Research A type of educational research in which the researcher decides what to study, asks specific, narrow questions, collects numeric (numbered) data from participants, analyzes these numbers using statistics, and conducts the inquiry in an unbiased, objective manner. Qualitative Research A type of educational research in which the researcher relies on the views of participants, asks broad, general questions, collects data consisting largely of words (or text) from participants, describes and analyzes these words for themes, and conducts the inquiry in a subjective, biased manner. Examples?

5. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES Research Methods Qualitative Research Hybrid or Mixed Quantitative Research

6. Qualitative approach Definition is an inquiry approach useful for exploring and understanding a central phenomenon.

7. 2. Purpose: To discover various meanings associated with a phenomenon by studying cases intensively in natural settings and by subjecting the resulting data to analytic induction.

8. Quantitative approach 1. Definition: is an inquiry approach useful for describing trends and explaining the relationship among variables found.

9. 2. Purpose: T o describe and explain features of a reality by collecting numerical data. by comparing data from one individual or group to another individual or group. by subjecting the data to statistical analysis .”

10. Comparison: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research: Quantitative Methods: Formulate hypothesis Qualitative Methods:

11. Comparison: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research: Quantitative Methods: Formulate hypothesis Observe events/present questionnaire with fixed answers. Qualitative Methods: Observe events and/or ask questions with open-ended answers.

12. Comparison: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research: Quantitative Methods: Formulate hypothesis Observe events/present questionnaire with fixed answers. Tabulate responses Qualitative Methods: Observe events and/or ask questions with open-ended answers. Record observations

13. Comparison: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research: Quantitative Methods: Formulate hypothesis Observe events/present questionnaire with fixed answers. Tabulate responses Summarize data Qualitative Methods: Observe events and/or ask questions with open-ended answers. Record observations Interpret observations

14. Comparison: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research: Quantitative Methods: Formulate hypothesis Observe events/present questionnaire with fixed answers. Tabulate responses Summarize data Qualitative Methods: Observe events and/or ask questions with open-ended answers. Record observations Interpret observations Return for new and refined observations

15. Comparison: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research: Quantitative Methods: Formulate hypothesis Observe events/present questionnaire with fixed answers. Tabulate responses Summarize data Analyze and draw conclusions Qualitative Methods: Observe events and/or ask questions with open-ended answers. Record observations Interpret observations Return for new and refined observations Review data and draw conclusions

16. Comparison: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research: Quantitative Methods: Formulate hypothesis Observe events/present questionnaire with fixed answers. Tabulate responses Summarize data Analyze and draw conclusions Qualitative Methods: Observe events and/or ask questions with open-ended answers. Record observations Interpret observations Return for new and refined observations Review data and draw conclusions Formulate hypothesis or theory

17. 4. Determining the Research Approach Use quantitative if your research problem requires you to Measure Variables Assess the impact of these variables on an outcome Test existing theories or broad explanations Apply results to a large number of people Use qualitative if your research problem requires you to Learn about the views of the people you plan to study Assess a process over time Generate theories based on participant perspectives Obtain detailed information about a few people or research sites .

18. Quantitative Designs and Uses Explaining whether an intervention influences an outcome for one group as opposed to another group Associating or relating variables in a predictable pattern for one group of individuals Describing trends or characteristics for the population of people Intervention Research Non-Intervention Research Experimental Research Correlational Research Descriptive Research

19. Qualitative Designs and Uses Exploring the shared culture of a people group Exploring common experiences of individuals to develop a theory Exploring individual stories to describe the lives of people Other possible types: Historical Discourse Analysis Ethnographic Research Grounded Theory Research Narrative Research

20. Could be either… Case Study Action Research Study of an individual or small group of individuals to focus on what variables and relationships are present in that individual case Forming a theory in advance and collecting qualitative observations to quickly see if the theory has any validity or application in a small and preselected population. Study of a small group to get an indication of how the group (or individuals within that group) think about a topic. Focus Group

21. Research Methods Qualitative Research Quantitative Research Hybrid Ethnographic Grounded theory Narrative research Historical Discourse Analysis Experimental Correlational Descriptive Current Differences Differences Over Time Basic Descriptions Case Study • Action Research Triangulation Concurrent Sequential – Exploratory Sequential – Explanatory

22. Qualitative & Quantitative Some differences: Qualitative: Considers the participant’s point of view Describes the participant’s view within a particular setting or context Searches to understand a more complex Central Phenomenon rather than a specific research question or hypothesis Typically uses methods such as interviews, observations and interviews

23. Qualitative & Quantitative Some differences: With Qualitative: The qualitative researcher is not an objective, politically neutral observer The qualitative researcher is an observer of the human condition The meaning of the research is plural, more political and open The project is collaborative and participatory

24. Qualitative & Quantitative Some differences: Quantitative: Tries to be objective and look at things without as much consideration of its context. Attempts to find meaning that is equally applicable to all. Tends to focus on numerical comparisons Tries to isolate any possible intervening or confounding variables and focus on one interaction at a time.

25. Quantitative or Qualitative…. What type of research would you use?

26. Quantitative or Qualitative? A study to investigate the reasons why kids fight on the playground A study to see which minorities do best on a certain IQ test. A study to evaluate whether students are self-motivated or motivated more by external rewards or punishment A study to investigate whether there is a relationship between a student’s IQ and his/her artistic creativity. A study to discover why kids are not eating their cafeteria food at lunch.

27. A study to see how Educational Research classes may be improved to make students take more interest and fall asleep less often. A study of five children to see how they react to being surprised. A study to determine what part of the brain is involved in short term memory. A study to see if a student’s IQ is affected by special class using multi-media resources. A study of how whether students taking a test at time A receive the same or similar results when taking the test at time B. Quantitative or Qualitative?