Classical civs political development
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1) The document discusses political developments in ancient civilizations including Persia, India, China, and the Mediterranean region between dynasties/empires and republic/imperial rule. 2) Centralized authority developed under absolute monarchs in Persia and imperial dynasties in China, though India experienced more regionalism. 3) Major political developments included standardized systems, bureaucracies, taxes, infrastructure projects, and use of military and religion to increase authority and integrate diverse populations.
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Classical civs political nathan's
This document summarizes the key political developments of classical civilizations including Greece, Persia, China, India, and Rome. It outlines the rise and fall of major dynasties and empires, noting some similarities like centralized monarchies, bureaucracies, taxation, and use of religion to reinforce political authority. Differences are also highlighted such as Greece having independent city-states while India maintained a caste-structured society.
Classical civs political development 2013 version
The document discusses several classical civilizations and their political developments, including China under the Qin and Han dynasties, the Persian Empire, India under the Mauryan and Gupta empires, Greece and the city-states, Alexander the Great's conquests, and the Roman Republic and Empire. Many of these civilizations developed centralized monarchies, bureaucracies, taxation systems, and used religion to reinforce political authority. They also engaged in military conquest and expansion, sponsored public works projects, and implemented relatively unified legal codes.
Classical Civs Political Structures
The document discusses the political structures of several classical civilizations including China, India, Persia, Greece, and Rome. It notes that many had centralized monarchies and bureaucracies to administer their large empires. Examples given are the Qin and Han dynasties in China, the Mauryan and Gupta empires in India, and the Persian Empire ruled by an absolute monarch connected to Ahura Mazda. Greece initially had independent city-states but these were briefly united under Alexander the Great's conquests. Rome began as a republic and later transitioned to an empire with a monarch.
Chapter 03 ap
Early African societies were characterized by centralized political authority under absolute rulers like pharaohs in Egypt and kings in Kush. They developed agricultural economies, industries, trade networks, and writing systems like hieroglyphics. The annual flooding of the Nile River necessitated irrigation systems and government organization in Egypt. Trade networks connected these early societies. Egyptian religious beliefs reflected their highly stratified, patriarchal societies and view of the pharaoh as a living incarnation of the sun god from the early Old Kingdom through the New Kingdom until its fall around 900 BCE.
Classical Civs - Intro & Political Developments
The document summarizes the major political developments of classical civilizations including China, India, Persia, Greece, and Rome. It notes that China saw the rise and fall of dynasties like the Qin and Han which established centralized authority and bureaucracy. India experienced rule by empires like the Mauryans which allowed some regional autonomy. Persia, Greece, and Rome developed powerful empires through military conquest and expansion with governing structures like absolute monarchy, republics, and democracy co-existing with slavery and diversity.
Classical civs political development
The document summarizes political developments in classical civilizations including China, India, and the Mediterranean region. It discusses the expansion of territories through military conquest, central governments sponsoring public works projects, and unified law codes being established across empires. Specifically, it outlines that the Han and Qin dynasties in China established a centralized bureaucratic government controlled by emperors, while India's Mauryan and Gupta empires were more regionally diverse and decentralized with local rulers maintaining control. The Roman Empire also had a strong central authority led by emperors in Rome while allowing for some regional autonomy across its territories.
Brief intro to classical civs
The document discusses similarities between four early civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and China. It notes that these civilizations had connected governments and religions, centralized empires that controlled territories through force, and dynastic cycles in Egypt and China. Economically, they relied on agriculture and had government regulation of trade and taxation. Religiously, they practiced polytheism based on sacrifice and rituals. Socially, there were upper, lower, and sometimes middle classes of warriors, priests, government workers and merchants. By 1000 BCE, all four civilizations were in decline.
Classical Empires
The Classical empires shared some common characteristics in their administration. They established centralized governments with elaborate legal systems and bureaucracies to administer their large territories. Imperial cities served as centers of political administration, trade, and religious rituals. The empires exhibited social hierarchies with elites, cultivators, laborers, artisans, merchants, and slaves. Patriarchal family structures continued and labor systems incorporated slavery and corvée labor. Trade networks helped create and maintain the empires by promoting economic integration and issuing currencies.
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Classical civs political nathan's
This document summarizes the key political developments of classical civilizations including Greece, Persia, China, India, and Rome. It outlines the rise and fall of major dynasties and empires, noting some similarities like centralized monarchies, bureaucracies, taxation, and use of religion to reinforce political authority. Differences are also highlighted such as Greece having independent city-states while India maintained a caste-structured society.
Classical civs political development 2013 version
The document discusses several classical civilizations and their political developments, including China under the Qin and Han dynasties, the Persian Empire, India under the Mauryan and Gupta empires, Greece and the city-states, Alexander the Great's conquests, and the Roman Republic and Empire. Many of these civilizations developed centralized monarchies, bureaucracies, taxation systems, and used religion to reinforce political authority. They also engaged in military conquest and expansion, sponsored public works projects, and implemented relatively unified legal codes.
Classical Civs Political Structures
The document discusses the political structures of several classical civilizations including China, India, Persia, Greece, and Rome. It notes that many had centralized monarchies and bureaucracies to administer their large empires. Examples given are the Qin and Han dynasties in China, the Mauryan and Gupta empires in India, and the Persian Empire ruled by an absolute monarch connected to Ahura Mazda. Greece initially had independent city-states but these were briefly united under Alexander the Great's conquests. Rome began as a republic and later transitioned to an empire with a monarch.
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Early African societies were characterized by centralized political authority under absolute rulers like pharaohs in Egypt and kings in Kush. They developed agricultural economies, industries, trade networks, and writing systems like hieroglyphics. The annual flooding of the Nile River necessitated irrigation systems and government organization in Egypt. Trade networks connected these early societies. Egyptian religious beliefs reflected their highly stratified, patriarchal societies and view of the pharaoh as a living incarnation of the sun god from the early Old Kingdom through the New Kingdom until its fall around 900 BCE.
Classical Civs - Intro & Political Developments
The document summarizes the major political developments of classical civilizations including China, India, Persia, Greece, and Rome. It notes that China saw the rise and fall of dynasties like the Qin and Han which established centralized authority and bureaucracy. India experienced rule by empires like the Mauryans which allowed some regional autonomy. Persia, Greece, and Rome developed powerful empires through military conquest and expansion with governing structures like absolute monarchy, republics, and democracy co-existing with slavery and diversity.
Classical civs political development
The document summarizes political developments in classical civilizations including China, India, and the Mediterranean region. It discusses the expansion of territories through military conquest, central governments sponsoring public works projects, and unified law codes being established across empires. Specifically, it outlines that the Han and Qin dynasties in China established a centralized bureaucratic government controlled by emperors, while India's Mauryan and Gupta empires were more regionally diverse and decentralized with local rulers maintaining control. The Roman Empire also had a strong central authority led by emperors in Rome while allowing for some regional autonomy across its territories.
Brief intro to classical civs
The document discusses similarities between four early civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and China. It notes that these civilizations had connected governments and religions, centralized empires that controlled territories through force, and dynastic cycles in Egypt and China. Economically, they relied on agriculture and had government regulation of trade and taxation. Religiously, they practiced polytheism based on sacrifice and rituals. Socially, there were upper, lower, and sometimes middle classes of warriors, priests, government workers and merchants. By 1000 BCE, all four civilizations were in decline.
Classical Empires
The Classical empires shared some common characteristics in their administration. They established centralized governments with elaborate legal systems and bureaucracies to administer their large territories. Imperial cities served as centers of political administration, trade, and religious rituals. The empires exhibited social hierarchies with elites, cultivators, laborers, artisans, merchants, and slaves. Patriarchal family structures continued and labor systems incorporated slavery and corvée labor. Trade networks helped create and maintain the empires by promoting economic integration and issuing currencies.
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Classical China saw the rise and fall of several influential dynasties. The Zhou Dynasty expanded Chinese territory and established early cultural traditions from 1029-258 BCE. The Qin Dynasty unified China under the first Emperor and built massive infrastructure projects like the Great Wall from 221-202 BCE. The long-lasting Han Dynasty brought prosperity and centralized government based on Confucianism from 202 BCE-220 CE, though invasions eventually ended their rule.
2.2 Classical Empires
Classical Empires built powerful military machines and
administrative institutions that were capable of organizing human activities over long distances. They created new groups of military and political elites to manage their affairs. Overproduction and corruption, along with the growing social inequalities, contributed to the decline of these empires. Social institutions, such as Christianity and Buddhism, emerged stronger in the ashes of the Classical period.
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The document provides an overview of major themes and events in world history, focusing on classical civilizations, their golden ages and declines, as well as the spread of religion and trade networks. It discusses the rise and impacts of nomadic peoples like the Huns and Mongols as outside threats to sedentary civilizations. Key areas covered include Western Europe, the Middle East, India, China, Africa, Russia, Japan, and the Mongol Empire.
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- European maritime powers like Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, France, and Britain established global naval empires and trading routes, connecting the continents through both trade and forced labor systems.
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Early Chinese civilization was shaped by its geography of major rivers and mountain ranges. The Huang He and Chang Jiang rivers provided fertile land for farming, though only 10% of China's land was arable, with the rest being mountains or desert. The first centers of Chinese civilization emerged in the Huang He valley, including the Xia Dynasty, though little is known about this early period. The subsequent Shang Dynasty established the city of Anyang in northern China. The Zhou Dynasty then ruled for over 800 years, developing bureaucracy and the concept of "Mandate of Heaven" to justify their right to rule based on virtue. During this period, the Chinese developed new tools like iron plows and engaged in extensive trade of silk along
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China was isolated from other regions by physical barriers like mountain ranges and oceans. The Chinese referred to their land as "Middle Kingdom" and believed they were the center of civilization. Two important rivers, the Yellow River and Yangzi River, flowed through fertile regions in the heartland where most Chinese lived and farmed. The geography contributed to early Chinese cultures developing with little outside influence.
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2. In ancient India, kings ruled from capital cities while provinces were divided among governors. The Mauryan Dynasty unified northern India under an efficient centralized administration from 322-185 BCE.
3. In ancient China, feudal systems developed where kings ruled capital cities while loyal vassals controlled lands and people in provinces. The Qin Dynasty first unified China under an imperial system with standardized policies from 221-206 BCE.
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- The Haitian Revolution was the only successful slave revolt in history, resulting in independence but also poverty and divisions in Haiti.
- Latin American independence movements were more cautious due to inspiration from Haiti's instability after its revolution.
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Classical China
Classical China saw the rise and fall of several influential dynasties. The Zhou Dynasty expanded Chinese territory and established early cultural traditions from 1029-258 BCE. The Qin Dynasty unified China under the first Emperor and built massive infrastructure projects like the Great Wall from 221-202 BCE. The long-lasting Han Dynasty brought prosperity and centralized government based on Confucianism from 202 BCE-220 CE, though invasions eventually ended their rule.
2.2 Classical Empires
Classical Empires built powerful military machines and
administrative institutions that were capable of organizing human activities over long distances. They created new groups of military and political elites to manage their affairs. Overproduction and corruption, along with the growing social inequalities, contributed to the decline of these empires. Social institutions, such as Christianity and Buddhism, emerged stronger in the ashes of the Classical period.
Unit I And Ii Comparison
The document provides an overview of major themes and events in world history, focusing on classical civilizations, their golden ages and declines, as well as the spread of religion and trade networks. It discusses the rise and impacts of nomadic peoples like the Huns and Mongols as outside threats to sedentary civilizations. Key areas covered include Western Europe, the Middle East, India, China, Africa, Russia, Japan, and the Mongol Empire.
Historic morphological comparison of governance in Indian and Western Context.
this ppt talks about the historical evolution of governance in Indian and Western Context over the different time periods.
As this sheet is made in A3 sheet size.. it may not be legible while seeing it directy.. For Better resuts.. Download n Zoom.. Happy Working..
APWH Period 2 Review
This is my interpretation of what you need to know (based on the key concepts) about Period 2 (600BCE-600CE) on the 2017 APWH exam
Fall of han dynasty
The Chinese proverb states that righteousness in the heart leads to beauty in character, which leads to harmony in the home, order in the nation, and ultimately peace in the world.
The document discusses the dynastic cycle in Chinese history where dynasties would rise to power through virtue, rule for a long period, and then sharply decline by losing the Mandate of Heaven. It also explains how Buddhism grew in influence during a period of disunity following the fall of the Han Dynasty, as it offered explanations for suffering that Confucianism did not.
Government in ancient china
The ancient Chinese system of government evolved from feudalism to a centralized imperial system. During the Shang dynasty, China was ruled as a feudal system with the king controlling the capital area and dividing the rest of the land into feudal states governed by feudal lords (shi) who paid tribute. The Qin dynasty defeated the other states and created China's first centralized empire with a unitary system of government characterized by direct control over provinces through governors. The Mandate of Heaven established the belief that heaven blessed wise rulers and people could overthrow rulers who lost heaven's mandate. The Han dynasty introduced civil service exams to recruit officials based on merit rather than birth.
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This document summarizes the major developments in global communication and exchange between 1450-1750. Key points include:
- For the first time, the Eastern and Western hemispheres were connected through European exploration and colonization, reshaping global trade networks and spreading people, crops, diseases, and religions worldwide.
- European maritime powers like Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, France, and Britain established global naval empires and trading routes, connecting the continents through both trade and forced labor systems.
- The global exchange of goods, crops, commodities, technologies, and peoples through these expanded networks profoundly impacted societies and economies around the world, giving rise to new political systems, labor demands, ethnic groups, and long-distance
Han dynasty
The Han Dynasty ruled China from 206 BCE to 220 CE, being divided into the Western Han and Eastern Han periods. It followed the Qin Dynasty and was a time of Chinese cultural and economic prosperity. The Han Dynasty expanded China's territory through military campaigns. Emperor Wudi expanded the empire to approximately today's borders. The Han established a bureaucracy based on merit and administered civil service exams in Confucian thought. Agriculture, trade along the Silk Road, and inventions like paper and the wheelbarrow flourished. However, problems with land inheritance laws caused wealth to concentrate among the elite, weakening the dynasty over time. Wang Mang briefly overthrew the Han from 9-23 CE before order was restored.
Lecture mongolconquests
The Mongols created the largest land-based empire in human history under the leadership of Genghis Khan in the 1200s-1300s. After conquering Central Asia and northern China, the Mongol armies went on to invade lands in Central Europe, the Middle East, and beyond. When Genghis Khan died, the empire was divided among his sons and grandson into four khanates that continued expanding Mongol control over much of Eurasia. The Mongols had significant impacts through facilitating trade and cultural exchange across their vast empire as well as spreading technologies and plague.
CHN 103
The document discusses the achievements of the Qin and Han dynasties in building a cohesive China. The Qin dynasty first unified China under Emperor Qin Shi Huang and established administrative reforms like standardized weights, measures and script. The Han dynasty expanded on these reforms and made economic achievements through irrigation projects and technological advances. It also spread Confucianism and connected with the West through the Silk Road, contributing to China's development.
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Early Chinese civilization was shaped by its geography of major rivers and mountain ranges. The Huang He and Chang Jiang rivers provided fertile land for farming, though only 10% of China's land was arable, with the rest being mountains or desert. The first centers of Chinese civilization emerged in the Huang He valley, including the Xia Dynasty, though little is known about this early period. The subsequent Shang Dynasty established the city of Anyang in northern China. The Zhou Dynasty then ruled for over 800 years, developing bureaucracy and the concept of "Mandate of Heaven" to justify their right to rule based on virtue. During this period, the Chinese developed new tools like iron plows and engaged in extensive trade of silk along
The han dynasty
The Han Dynasty came into power when Han Gaozou won support of nobles by giving them land and autonomy to rule. He lowered taxes significantly compared to the Qin Dynasty. Gaozou adopted Confucianism over Legalism and defended the capital when it was attacked, though he was wounded. Wu Di later established strategies to make peace with nomadic invaders rather than attack them, and paid them with goods. He also created a civil service system where officials earned positions through meritocratic testing open to all classes. The Han Dynasty saw many achievements including the first Chinese dictionary, historical records, support for philosophies, and inventions such as paper and the wheelbarrow. It established the Silk Road connecting China to
WH Chapter 3 Section 3 Notes
China was isolated from other regions by physical barriers like mountain ranges and oceans. The Chinese referred to their land as "Middle Kingdom" and believed they were the center of civilization. Two important rivers, the Yellow River and Yangzi River, flowed through fertile regions in the heartland where most Chinese lived and farmed. The geography contributed to early Chinese cultures developing with little outside influence.
Living past chapter 4 government by ferry tanoto
1. Government is a system of ruling a country through a group of people responsible for making decisions. Ancient India, China, and Southeast Asian kingdoms were typically ruled by kings or emperors through monarchies.
2. In ancient India, kings ruled from capital cities while provinces were divided among governors. The Mauryan Dynasty unified northern India under an efficient centralized administration from 322-185 BCE.
3. In ancient China, feudal systems developed where kings ruled capital cities while loyal vassals controlled lands and people in provinces. The Qin Dynasty first unified China under an imperial system with standardized policies from 221-206 BCE.
China Dynasty
The document summarizes the major dynasties that ruled China between 589 and 1644 CE. It discusses the Sui Dynasty which unified China and undertook major infrastructure projects but fell after 29 years due to overtaxation. It then covers the Tang Dynasty which ruled for 89 years and saw prosperity, the Song Dynasty which moved the capital south and saw economic growth, the Yuan Dynasty which was the sole foreign rule of China by the Mongols, and finally the Ming Dynasty which the Chinese established after overthrowing the Mongols and reasserted Confucianism.
Tang Song Ghana Mali Review
The document summarizes the Tang and Song dynasties in China and three West African kingdoms - Mali, Ghana, and Songhai. The Tang dynasty experienced political stability and economic prosperity through a merit-based bureaucracy and revival of Confucianism. The Song dynasty saw further economic growth through innovations like paper money and advances in rice cultivation. The West African kingdoms controlled trans-Saharan trade routes and gold/salt commerce, with Mali and Songhai establishing strong centralized governments under powerful kings who adopted aspects of Muslim rule.
Unit 0. REVIEW
Historians divide history into two main periods: prehistory and history. Prehistory began with the appearance of the genus Homo around 2.5 million years ago and ended around 3500 BC with the development of writing. Prehistory includes the Paleolithic period of nomadic hunter-gatherers, the Neolithic period of the emergence of agriculture and sedentary communities, and the Metal Ages of metallurgy. History began around 3500 BC with early civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome during the period of Antiquity. The fall of the Roman Empire in 476 AD marked the end of Antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages.
Unit 0. REVIEW
This document provides an overview of prehistory and ancient history. It divides history into two main periods: prehistory from 2.5 million years ago to 3500 BC, which includes the Paleolithic, Neolithic, and Metal Ages; and history from 3500 BC to the present. Key ancient civilizations discussed include Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome, with Rome's fall in 476 AD marking the end of ancient history and the beginning of the Middle Ages.
Lecture sui, tang & song china 2015
After the fall of the Han dynasty, China was reunified by the Sui dynasty in 589 CE. This began the period of the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties, which was characterized by political stability, economic growth, and cultural/intellectual achievements. Key developments included the spread of Buddhism, population growth, improved agriculture, expansion of trade via the Silk Road and Indian Ocean, technological innovations in clockwork, gunpowder, paper, and printing, and the growth of cities and a market economy. However, Confucian social structures around scholars, officials, and patriarchy persisted throughout this period.
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Historic morphological comparison of governance in Indian and Western Context.
Historic morphological comparison of governance in Indian and Western Context.
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This document discusses the outcomes and impacts of several different revolutions:
- The American Revolution resulted in the stable new government outlined in the US Constitution and Bill of Rights, though slavery continued and democracy was gradual.
- The French Revolution led to more involvement in politics by ordinary citizens but also instability, as the government changed between republic and monarchy with periods of violence. It also spread revolutionary ideals through European conquest.
- The Haitian Revolution was the only successful slave revolt in history, resulting in independence but also poverty and divisions in Haiti.
- Latin American independence movements were more cautious due to inspiration from Haiti's instability after its revolution.
European christendom intro
The document summarizes medieval Europe, describing the Eastern Byzantine Empire which maintained Roman traditions and Greek culture after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. It then discusses Western Europe, where central government broke down, trade was disrupted, cities were abandoned, and rural populations increased, though Christianity remained influential. Feudalism developed with kings granting land to nobles who granted land to knights in exchange for military service, and knights granting land to peasants in exchange for food and labor. By 1000 CE the Byzantine Empire was losing land to Islamic Turks as stronger states emerged in Western Europe, leading to the Crusades.
Industrial revolution intro
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 18th century and spread to other parts of Western Europe, the United States, Japan, and Russia in the 19th century. It transformed production from small-scale and home-based to large-scale factory production, powered by new machines fueled by fossil fuels rather than human or animal labor. This led to increased specialization of labor and a concentration of workers in urban areas. Developments in transportation and communication further accelerated industrialization and global trade. While industrialization provided benefits, it also had negative consequences for many people.
Review 1750 1900 2
1) The document discusses the decline and fall of three major empires in the 18th-19th centuries - the Ottoman Empire, Qing Chinese Empire, and the rise of Japanese imperialism under the Meiji Restoration.
2) It analyzes the causes for decline, which included resistance to economic change, underestimating European power, and limited political reforms. For China and the Ottomans, reforms came too late.
3) In contrast, Japan successfully modernized and industrialized in the late 19th century without taking on major foreign debt, allowing it to become a imperial power like European nations.
Gunpowder empires intro
This document provides an introduction to three major Islamic empires that existed from the 15th to 17th centuries: the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires. It states that the Ottoman Empire was one of the wealthiest and most powerful empires in the world during this time, controlling the Mediterranean region. It also briefly describes the Safavid Empire in Persia and Mughal Empire in India, noting that the Safavid Empire was mostly Shi'ite and a rival of the Ottoman Empire, while the Mughal Empire was ruled by a Muslim minority over a Hindu majority population. The document concludes by listing some primary sources for students to analyze related to these three empires.
Lesson 6--demand[1]
Here are some examples of goods with different demand elasticities:
- Insulin (inelastic): People need it to live, so they will still buy it even if the price increases significantly.
- Sodas (elastic): People can more easily substitute with other drinks or water if the price increases, so even a small price change would significantly impact the quantity bought.
Let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions!
Lesson 2--what-is-econ[1]
Economics studies economic products which are goods and services that are useful, scarce, and transferable. Goods are items that satisfy wants, and can be consumer goods for individuals or capital goods used to produce other goods. Services are work performed for others. Consumers use goods and services. The circular flow shows resources going to businesses, which pay households who then buy goods and services, in a loop between markets. Productivity and specialization are key to economic growth by increasing output from the same inputs over time.
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Classical Civs Political Structures
The document summarizes the major political structures and developments of classical civilizations including China, India, Persia, Greece, and Rome. It notes that the dynasties and empires had centralized monarchies, extensive bureaucracies, systems of taxation, and used religion to reinforce political authority. Military expansion was common. The Qin and Han dynasties standardized Chinese rule and developed education and bureaucracy. India had a caste system and regional rulers. Greece had independent city-states with different forms of government. Rome began as a republic and later became an empire that allowed regional rule under Roman oversight.
Lecture SlidesbyRobert Tignor • Jeremy Adelman • Stephen.docx
Lecture Slides
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Robert Tignor • Jeremy Adelman • Stephen Aron • Peter Brown • Benjamin Elman • Stephen Kotkin • Xinru Liu • Suzanne Marchand • Holly Pittman • Gyan Prakash • Brent Shaw • Michael Tsin
Lecture Slides
Chapter 7
HAN DYNASTY CHINA AND IMPERIAL ROME, 300 BCE=300 CE
Han China and Imperial Rome:
How Globalizing Empires Were Built
Unprecedented power: Roman and Han characteristics
Size, quality, and lasting worldwide impact
Cultural, economic, and administrative control
Empire and cultural identity
Han
Civilian magistrates and bureaucrats were public servants
Emulated past models for empire’s ideals
Elites shared common language
Belief in ancestor worship
Rome
Definition of citizenship changed over time
Pragmatic innovation and adaptation as empire’s ideals
Common language was Latin
Patterns of Imperial Expansion
Both Han Chinese and Romans consolidated power within their geographical limits using a common legal framework
They had different patterns of development, types of public servants, and government practices
Han looked to past for methods; Romans used pragmatism to define methods
United huge territories and diverse populations within an imperial framework
Both became models for later empire builders
Provided a vision for a common identity
East Asia, 206 BCE–220 CE
WORLDS TOGETHER, WORLDS APART, 5TH EDITION
© 2018 W. W. Norton & Co., Inc.
Map 7.1 | East Asia, 206 BCE–220 CE
Both the Qin and the Han dynasties consolidated much of East Asia into one large regional empire.
• According to the map, what physical features imposed a limit to this territorial expansion?
• Why was the defensive wall so long, and why was it placed facing north?
• What impact did the pastoral Xiongnu have on each empire’s effort to consolidate a large territorial state?
• According to your reading, why did the Han expand their influence farther west than the Qin?
5
The Qin Dynasty
Integration of vast territory through administrative and economic innovations
Political organization and control
Commanderies (provinces) with civilian and military governors
Registration of males for army and public labor
Control by censorship
Standardized weights, measures, and currency
Legalism
Stability through strict law and punishment
Group responsibility for individuals
Qin orthodoxy
Improved communications through road systems
Standardized writing style
Economic and Social Changes under the Qin Dynasty
Expansion of agriculture
Role of government
Role of peasant farmers
Economic changes
Farms replace royal manors
Profit from surpluses
Business and labor contracts
Long-distance trade
Merchant class and trade networks
Government trade tariffs
Defense and Expansion
The Xiongnu and the Qin along the northern frontier
Beginnings of the Great Wall
Qin relationship with Xiongnu nomadic warriors: delicate balance
The Qin debacle
Qin collapse
Constant warfare led to heavy taxes
Former nobles and conscripted workers mutiny
Civil war
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The roman empire_and_han_china
The Han dynasty of China and the Roman Empire both lasted approximately 400 years and had populations of around 50 million. Both built extensive road networks and developed complex bureaucracies to govern their large territories. However, the Roman Empire continually expanded militarily while the Han dynasty focused more on internal development and stopped expanding territorially once it reached a large size. Corruption and economic difficulties ultimately contributed to the collapse of both imperial systems.
AP WH Chapter 05 PPT
The document provides information about Rome and Han China between 753 BCE and 330 CE. It describes the founding and expansion of Rome as it conquered the Mediterranean region. It also details the establishment of the Qin and long reign of the Han dynasties in China as they expanded their empire and standardized government. Both empires developed advanced urban societies and economies but eventually declined due to overexpansion of territory, the high costs of defense, and nomadic invasions.
Ccot from first civs to classical civs
The document summarizes similarities between four early civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and Shang Dynasty China. Some key similarities included:
- Connected government and religious structures
- Central governments that controlled territories through force
- Agrarian economies regulated by government
- Social hierarchies with small upper classes and large lower classes
- Decline of the civilizations by 1000 BCE.
WH I SOL Review PowerPoint
This document provides information about various topics related to early human civilizations and world history. It discusses the Neolithic period in England and the construction of Stonehenge. It also covers the key characteristics of early civilizations, the development of writing systems in Mesopotamia and Egypt, and influential early religions like Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Islam. The document then discusses the classical civilizations of Persia and the major figures of Cyrus the Great and Darius I. It also summarizes the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage and provides details about the decline of the Roman Republic and rise of Christianity.
Roman civilisation theory
The Roman civilization originated in Italy in the 8th century BC and went on to become a great empire that dominated the Mediterranean world for over 1000 years. Rome was originally ruled by kings, then became a republic with elected leaders around 500 BC. It expanded greatly through military conquests such as the Punic Wars against Carthage. By the 1st century BC civil wars led to the rise of the Roman Empire under Augustus, bringing stability. The Empire reached its peak territory by the 2nd century AD but declined due to invasions and internal problems, finally falling in 476 AD.
Clasical civilizaions
The document summarizes key aspects of classical civilizations in China, India, and the Mediterranean world. In China, the Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties established Confucianism and centralized political power. India saw the Maurya and Gupta empires embrace Hinduism and Buddhism. The city-states of Greece and the Roman Republic and Empire advanced law, government, philosophy and culture in the Mediterranean while expanding territorially. Common themes across civilizations included religious, cultural and economic development alongside political unification and integration of new lands.
Rome Han Comparison
The document compares and contrasts the Roman Empire and Han Dynasty of China. Both civilizations had well-organized bureaucratic systems based on law and education, with the Han establishing imperial universities and civil service exams. They placed emphasis on family and relied on elites such as patricians and landed gentry. Both built extensive road networks and engineering projects. Their religions later faced challenges from new introductions like Christianity and Buddhism. Internal conflicts and invasions contributed to their declines, as values eroded, health issues arose, and political corruption spread.
Comparison Of The Han Dynasty And The Roman Empire
The document compares the Han Dynasty and Roman Empire in three key areas. Both civilizations wanted to improve working conditions for citizens, focusing on making work environments more comfortable. They also placed importance on water conservation and developed innovative systems like aqueducts. Additionally, tools were highly valued in both societies and helped advance their development.
WH I SOL Review
This document provides information about various topics related to early civilizations. It discusses Stonehenge and characteristics of early civilizations. It then covers river valley civilizations like Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China. Next it discusses key religions such as Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and others. It also summarizes important figures and events in early civilizations like ancient Greece, Rome, and Persia. In summary, the document outlines the rise and characteristics of early civilizations globally, their religious and cultural developments, as well as influential figures and time periods.
Ancient China
The document provides information about Ancient China from 220 BCE to 1912 CE, focusing on a comparison of the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE) and Han Dynasty (202 BCE - 220 CE). It discusses the geography, politics, religions, innovations, economies, and societies of both dynasties. The Qin Dynasty established a highly centralized government but was short-lived, while the Han Dynasty embraced philosophies like Confucianism and lasted longer, expanding China's territory and establishing many cultural and technological advancements.
Ancient Rome Notes Master Fall 2007
The document provides an overview of the history and government of ancient Rome from its origins to the establishment of the Roman Republic. It describes how the Italian peninsula was inhabited in early times by farmers, herdsmen, and various ethnic groups including the Etruscans. Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus around 750 BCE and grew to become a city that drew strongly from Etruscan culture. Early Rome was ruled by kings who had absolute power over the government and family structures. Over time, the monarchy transitioned to a republican form of government with consuls, senators, and citizen assemblies. Social classes of patricians and plebians emerged, causing conflicts that led to legal reforms establishing rights
Ch 03 strayer 2e lecture
Classroom Lecture to accompany Strayer Ch. 3 - States & Empires Eurasia & North Africa 500 BCE-500 CE
The relationship between power and artistic and literary culture in .docx
The relationship between power and artistic and literary culture in the Greek world was if you were rich, you could dabble in the arts and literature. People were not ruled by kings or leaders the majority of places, but they did tend to follow their priest or priestess and follow what they said on behalf of the gods. If you were more skilled in specialized practices, or more educated, since it was an oligarchy society, where the power lies in the small, wealthy elites, you would of course be ranked higher than slaves and peasants, but merchants and such typically weren't ruling forces. The Roman and the Han Empires shared many similarities, despite the fact that they developed separately from each other. Both Roman and Han Empires experienced social unrest during their collapse. Nomadic invasions pestered both Roman and Han empires. Both empires developed strong bureaucracies that allowed them to establish a long period with effective centralized rule. The Roman Empire and Han Dynasty were both powerful influential forces in their heyday. However, Roman women were quite free and had greater control over their wealth and property than preceding states in the Mediterranean. One key difference from the Han was an extensive institution of slavery, in which slave laborers were used in large numbers to produce goods. The factor that contributed to the collapse of both the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty is that wars with invaders from neighboring lands weakened both empires. The Han Dynasty declined due to internal political disputes among people in power and rebellion form peasants that were tired of heavy taxation. The Han Dynasty of China was the second imperial dynasty. It was a well organized bureaucracy based upon Confucian ideas and education. Roman Empire was a well organized bureaucracy founded on Roman law and classical learning. Han China focused on family ancestors and patriarchy, reliance on landed gentry. Although the Han Dynasty was rebuilt by the Qin Dynasty and the Roman Empire collapsed, they both led a very greatly populated society to power and strength.
.
WH I SOL Course Review
This document provides an overview of world history topics covered on the SOL review, including early civilizations like Stonehenge, Mesopotamia, Egypt, and river valley civilizations. It then discusses ancient river valley writing systems. Key figures and beliefs of early world religions such as Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Zoroastrianism are outlined. Ancient civilizations such as Greece, Persia, and Rome are examined through their governments, militaries, religions and daily life. The rise and spread of Christianity through figures like Paul and events in the Roman Empire are also summarized.
The building of an empire
The document summarizes the rise of Rome from a small settlement along the Tiber River to a powerful republic that expanded throughout Italy and the Mediterranean region. Rome's central location in Italy and fertile land allowed it to grow in population and control trade. The republic was established in 509 BCE and had a government structure with consuls, a senate, and assemblies. Rome defeated Carthage in the Punic Wars and destroyed the city, gaining control of the Mediterranean. The republic established organized rule and spread Roman culture as it expanded its empire through military conquest aided by its professional army and infrastructure like roads.
314
The most important ideas about Rome are its achievements that still influence modern society. The Latin language formed the basis for many current languages. Rome's early law codes influenced later legal systems. Technologies like aqueducts and roads shaped infrastructure, while military organization foreshadowed modern armies. Overall, Rome left a profound legacy through its language, laws, technologies, and military strategies that can still be seen today.
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Classical civs political development
- 1. Classical Civilizations – Political Developments
- 2. The Dynasties and Empires China Qin Han India Mauryan Gupta Mediterranean Persian Empire City-States of Greece Alexander’s Conquests Roman Empire
- 6. Political Developments-Persia Centralized Authority of an Absolute monarch… Ruled by the will of the Persian god Ahura Mazda Ruled over 35 million people-respected diverse cultural traditions of subject people Appointed governors in each of the empire’s 23 provinces Ruled over an imperial bureaucracy (administrators, tax collectors, record keepers)
- 7. Political Developments-Persia Standardized coinage Taxes “Royal Road” Imperial Centers-Grand cities that became symbols of imperial authority.
- 8. Political Developments-Qin & Han Central authority controlled . . . Appointment of governors *Standardization iron, salt, and silk trade Religion Unified written language Expansion of bureaucracy Used military to expand and control empire Education and examination system created a scholar gentry class of government workers.
- 9. Political Developments-Qin & Han Mandate of Heaven Dynastic Cycle continued Emperors used status as “Son of Heaven” to reinforce their rule Assimilated non-Chinese culturally, linguistically, and through intermarriage
- 11. Political Developments in Rome – Central Authority (Republic-Imperial Rule) Emperor and Rome had authority (previously Senate and two consuls) Military power kept stability (military power also built the empire) Upper class bureaucracy Assimilation through Citizenship (to conquered people)
- 12. Political Developments in Mediterranean Local rulers maintained regional rule with Roman oversight-not as centralized as China Emperors used religion to increase their authority Diversity in religious beliefs and languages Local trade relatively unrestricted – except for the trade of grains Unlike China, Romans had an elaborate collection of written laws (good men vs. good laws)
- 13. The Collapse of Empire-Rome and Han China-Common Factors Too big-overextended Too expensive to maintain Large landowning families diminish power of central authority Epidemic disease Threat from nomadic/pastoral people on frontier regions of empire
- 14. The Collapse of Empire-Rome and Han China-Common Factors Decline of urban life (cities) Contracting population (it gets smaller) Less area under cultivation (less food) Diminishing international trade Insecurity for ordinary people
- 15. The Collapse of Empire-Rome and Han China-The Differences Rome No large scale, centralized authority ever rules over W. Europe for any significant time…ever! Han China After several hundred years, a new dynasty emerges with a single emperor, a bureaucracy selected by education and exams, and Confucian beliefs
- 16. INDIAN Political Developments-Regionalism of Mauryan & Gupta “Independent” regional rulers Diversity in religious/cultural beliefs and languages Local trade relatively unrestricted-Center of Indian Ocean trade networks. Some state-run industries (spinning, weaving, mining, shipbuilding, and weapons)
- 17. INDIAN Political Developments-Regionalism of Mauryan & Gupta Identity comes from religious tradition (Hinduism) and a unique social organization (caste) Caste structured society more than any imperial authority could! Mauryan Empire DID have…large military forces and a civilian bureaucracy (taxes)
- 18. Some Similarities… Centralized Monarchies-Exceptions? Bureaucracy-Most extensive? Investment in Public Works-Examples? Ability to tax Military Religion reinforced political authority-Examples?
- 20. Political Developments in Persia, India, China, and the Mediterranean Central government sponsored public works projects (Integration of empire)