The Industrial Revolution transformed societies through industrialization in Western Europe, the United States, and later Japan during the 19th century. It introduced factories powered by new technologies like steam engines, which replaced human and animal labor. This led to massive social changes like urbanization, new divisions of social class, and changes in family structures. While industrialization provided economic growth and technological progress, it also had negative consequences for workers and the environment, including dangerous working conditions, pollution, low wages, and lack of regulations. Responses to these issues included government reforms and the rise of labor unions and radical groups advocating for workers' rights.

1. The Industrial Revolution
(W. Europe & Japan)
A time of change & “progress”.
More positive effects and more
negative consequences at an
increasingly fast pace.

2. “No movement in human history did
more than the Industrial Revolution to
change the way people live. It has
provided humanity with great benefits,
and at the same time, it has destroyed
people with its less fortunate
consequences.”

3. The Industrial Revolution in W.
Europe, U.S. and later Japan
(19th century)
 Industrialization
took place when
new technology
and new
organization of
work changed
how goods were
produced.

4.  Machines using water then fossil
fuel powered engines replaced
people and animals as key
sources of work.
 New technologies increased
agricultural production.

5. STEAM POWER from coal

7. From home to factory
production

8. Textile Industry in Britain: the
beginning of the industrial
revolution.

9.  Automatic processes in
production led to factory systems
and introduced specialization of
labor that permanently changed
the nature of human labor.

10. Iron and steel industry
developed

11.  Improvements in transportation
and communication made the
world “smaller.”

12. The Industrial Revolution brought other
CHANGES in Western Europe (and later
Japan):
 Urbanization
 Nations’ wealth and power became
increasingly dependent on industry.*
*agriculture and land control still extremely
important

13.  Social classes changed (new groups
with new influence):
 New members of the upper and
middle class (owners, managers,
skilled workers)
 Urban workers

14.  women in the work force

15. children in the workforce

16. Other CHANGES from the
Industrial Revolution. . .
 Patterns of urban society and family
dynamics were changed forever.
For example:
 Public education
 Pace of life increased . . . Life on the clock,
less rest.
 Children not as dependent on their parents

17. HOW INDUSTRIALIZATION
DESTROYED:
For the lower classes:
bad working conditions
 Pace of work
 repetitiveness and
tediousness of work
 lack of safety standards
in equipment and
pollution

18. HOW INDUSTRIALIZATION
DESTROYED:
For the working class:
 low wages
 little job security (even
if injured or sick)

19. HOW INDUSTRIALIZATION
DESTROYED:
 there were few laws against overuse and
abuse of natural resources

20. HOW INDUSTRIALIZATION
DESTROYED:
 the early
industrial
economy was
unstable
 rapid
urbanization led
to problems in
living conditions

21. RESPONSES . . . To the changes
 Government expanded its influence.
 Reforms to change problems in
industry and cities came from
governments and individuals.
 Workers responded in different ways-
 Unionization
 Created or joined radical groups
 People offered new philosophies about
economy and politics in the industrial
age.