The document discusses similarities between four early civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and China. It notes that these civilizations had connected governments and religions, centralized empires that controlled territories through force, and dynastic cycles in Egypt and China. Economically, they relied on agriculture and had government regulation of trade and taxation. Religiously, they practiced polytheism based on sacrifice and rituals. Socially, there were upper, lower, and sometimes middle classes of warriors, priests, government workers and merchants. By 1000 BCE, all four civilizations were in decline.
Classical Empires built powerful military machines and
administrative institutions that were capable of organizing human activities over long distances. They created new groups of military and political elites to manage their affairs. Overproduction and corruption, along with the growing social inequalities, contributed to the decline of these empires. Social institutions, such as Christianity and Buddhism, emerged stronger in the ashes of the Classical period.
Classical Empires built powerful military machines and
administrative institutions that were capable of organizing human activities over long distances. They created new groups of military and political elites to manage their affairs. Overproduction and corruption, along with the growing social inequalities, contributed to the decline of these empires. Social institutions, such as Christianity and Buddhism, emerged stronger in the ashes of the Classical period.
W8L2Themes and Trends in World History to 1700 CEIn this b.docxmelbruce90096
W8L2
Themes and Trends in World History to 1700 CE
In this book, we have covered almost 12,000 years of history. Over the course of this time, humans banded together to form civilizations, usually along the banks of rivers, lakes, and seas. They developed the technology to plant seeds and domesticate animals. As collecting food required less labor, societies began to allow for the specialization of labor, through the formation of government, religion, trade, law, and other elements of a civilization. Bands of people living in settlements began to form towns and cities; cities became city-states and exerted their influence over the areas around the urban center. Very quickly after the formation of city-states came the arrival of great empires, which used a mixture of financial and military forces to control their vast lands.
From the very beginning, from the study of Catal Huyuk, Ban Po, and Jericho, we have seen humans banding together to create a community with systems to care for each other while holding each other accountable. From early stages of law and government to systems of bartering and trade, there is a sense from the very beginning of humanity that social institutions must both care for those within the civilization while considering those outside of it. Defensive walls, trading partnerships, exploration and global networks economic and diplomatic connections are all features of the very early world.
Because of these connections between those within a city or civilization and those outside of it, we can cast history in light of a world connected rather than one divided. Globalization seems to be a new invention, yet the connectivity of the internet seems to be merely a brand new iteration of the connections humans have created since the beginning of civilizations. In some ways, the study of history is the study of the rise and fall of Empires, but this only underscores the global connection of humanity.
In some ways, world history can be viewed as the history of empires. Imperial authority enhances the everyday occurrences of Ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. We covered the religions of the world as they influenced each other, particularly in Asia, and we considered the long-lasting impact of the cultural legacies of Greece and Rome. The position of Empires in the Middle East, from Mesopotamia to Ottoman, is highly important. The region of Mesopotamia founded the one of the earliest city-states through Sumer and some of the most significant scientific knowledge through the scholars of Babylon. The Dynasties of China and India loom large in the formation and perfection of government administration. Their ideas would take hold in stable empires across Asia for thousands of years. They were interrupted only by conquering forces like Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan’s Mongols. Ultimately, the presence of Islam spanning multiple cultures as a conquering empire would preserve and collect these innovations.
The movements of mobile peo.
Chapter 1 Before HistoryPre-human hominids are universally de.docxcravennichole326
Chapter 1: Before History
Pre-human hominids are universally deemed as the ancestors of the human race. Their occurrence is dated to be four to five million years ago, while the human race itself emerged nearly too hundred thousand years ago. Over the years, it has been keenly noted that humans share specific DNA composition with other primates. It is only a slight difference in the genetic makeup and body chemistry that makes humans have more intelligence than these other species, making them more adaptable to their environment and therefore give them a greater ability to control the natural world. This intelligence has seen the humans have greater potential for advanced and sophisticated social-cultural abilities that other species cannot measure up to. These unique and advanced abilities possessed by humans include well devised tools, technologies cooperation and communication skills.
The Paleolithic society, which is commonly known as the Old Stone Age is the longest era in the history of the human race on the planet. It is majorly characterized with hunting and gathering. It existed long before ancient agriculture emerged, and therefore it lived on looking for edible stuff from the wild life, both edible fruits and animal, hence their hunting and gathering lifestyle. Theirs was a completely liberal life, as there was nobody’s possession ever. No wealth, no private property. One very outstanding characteristic of this early man is the ability to communicate. There was a well-structured and powerful language that enabled them to communicate very important messages. For this reason, it was possible to pass information and knowledge to the next generation. The new generations would thus improve the knowledge and as it accumulated over the years, humans were able to give a good take on the various aspect of life they live. One common link between generation and creativity is the early cave paintings. This ability to communicate abstractly is the major skill that humans have banked on in realizing their present control over the natural world.
The Neolithic or the New Stone Age era proceeded the Paleolithic. It marks the transition from the hunting and gathering lifestyle of the Old Stone Age into a more civilized agricultural society. Human in this era lived in distinct communities which domesticated animals and grew crops. This is cited to have been taking place at around 9000 B.C.E. They lived together and their population grew over time. Unlike in the Old Stone Age, there was the aspect of ownership of property, hence personal wealth. The ownership of land was the major one, and it dictated the owner’s economic and political power. There were hierarchies of authority in aspects such as religion and government, a clear indication of an organized and civilized society. Just like the Old Stone Age, the New Stone Age gave interest in fertility as an important feature of their religion.
Later, within a period of four thousand years, the agricul ...
Historic morphological comparison of governance in Indian and Western Context. krishnadutt1819
this ppt talks about the historical evolution of governance in Indian and Western Context over the different time periods.
As this sheet is made in A3 sheet size.. it may not be legible while seeing it directy.. For Better resuts.. Download n Zoom.. Happy Working..
Chapter 1 Before HistoryThe emergence of the human race is pre.docxtidwellveronique
Chapter 1: Before History
The emergence of the human race is predated by the existence of pre-human hominids whom are now recognized as our ancestors. The time line for hominids begins about four to five million years ago, and our own species emerges around two hundred thousand years ago. It is noted that the human species shares nearly the same DNA as other primates, like chimpanzees. Because of small differences in genetic makeup and chemistry, human beings are distinguished by a higher intelligence and an ability to exercise much greater control over the natural world. For example, humans have been able to devise tools, technologies, language skills, and sophisticated means of cooperation and communication that other primates do not rival. It is evident that this higher intelligence possessed among humans was the source of potential for sophisticated cultural and social developments.
The Old Stone Age or the Paleolithic society was the earliest, longest period of the human species’ history on Earth, and they were foraging and hunting for good, and principally were made up of hunting-and-gathering societies. This was a period when humans had to stalk animals for food and therefore they were nomadic in lifestyle. There was no wealth or private property. Many scholars assert that humans were able to construct powerful languages and thus able to communicate complex ideas. This meant that humans could pass on knowledge to new generations based on this transmission of abstract symbols and that each new generation could use the knowledge accumulated in previous generations. One of the common links between generations is creativity. The earliest known examples of the cave paintings show how these early humans were exercising their creative imaginations and how they were able to provide a glimpse into their sensitivity and creative power.
The New Stone Age or the Neolithic era is defined by the transition from hunting-and-gathering societies to agricultural societies. These New Stone Age societies were settled societies and producing edible crops and created opportunities for human civilization to begin to flower. It is cited in the text around 9000 B.C.E. that peoples almost at the same time around the globe began to domesticate animals and cultivate crops. These societies were distinctive by remaining settled in one place and growing larger over time. These societies also developed hierarchies of authority in both religion and government. This is also a transition period when people in these settled societies began to evolve division of labor and social ranks. Private property also evolved as an important means of wealth. This ownership of land became an important source of economic and political power in the Neolithic era. The Neolithic religion reflected the same interest in fertility as the Paleolithic peoples, but also celebrated the particular aspects of the governed agricultural society.
Within f ...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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