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Uploaded byDan McDowell
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Rome Han Comparison

The document compares and contrasts the Roman Empire and Han Dynasty of China. Both civilizations had well-organized bureaucratic systems based on law and education, with the Han establishing imperial universities and civil service exams. They placed emphasis on family and relied on elites such as patricians and landed gentry. Both built extensive road networks and engineering projects. Their religions later faced challenges from new introductions like Christianity and Buddhism. Internal conflicts and invasions contributed to their declines, as values eroded, health issues arose, and political corruption spread.

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Roman Empire and Han Dynasty A Short Comparison AP World History
Roman Empire
Han Dynasty
Characteristics Han China Well organized bureaucracy based upon Confucian ideas and education Roman Empire Well organized bureaucracy founded on Roman law and classical learning
Characteristics Han Imperial Universities In Xi’an a university of Confucian study was founded. An exam was created to evaluate anyone who felt knowledgeable enough to take it and become a bureaucrat. Unfortunately, only the wealthy had time to study enough. Roman Education Founded on Greek Principles. Wanted strong, healthy, religious and responsible citizen. A free slave opened the first private school in ancient Rome.
Characteristics Han China Emphasis on Family ancestors: patriarchical Reliance on landed gentry Engineering accomplishments: roads, canals, the Great Wall Roman Empire Emphasis on family: pater familias Reliance on patricians Engineering accomplishments: roads, aqueducts, amphitheatres, domes, sewage systems, central heating
Characteristics Grand Canal Roman Roads
Characteristics Great Wall Roman Aqueduct
Characteristics Han China Religion: Confucianism, Daoism, native gods, intro to Buddhism Roman Empire Religion: Emperor as god, paganism, intro to Christianity Both Buddhism and Christianity are considered new superseding religions that reformed and surpassed a former religion with historical ties.
Decline of Han Dynasty Infighting among ruling elites Inequitable distribution of land - tax burden fell on peasants rather than on large landowners Series of peasant rebellions Yellow Turban Rebellion: Wore yellow scarves on heads, Taoists angry with landowning elite. Generals usurp political power - become warlords
Decline of Han Dynasty 220 CE generals divide empire into three kingdoms. Emigration of nomadic peoples into N. China kept country disunited
Decline of Roman Empire Internal opposition - barrack emperors Difficulties in administering vast empire creates rivalries and divisions of authority Eastern and Western Empire - capital moved to Constantinople
Decline of Roman Empire Germanic invasions by Vandals, Ostrogoths, and Visigoths 476 Odacer deposes final Western Roman Emperor Eastern Roman Empire becomes Byzantine Empire - lasts another 1000 years
Shared Characteristics Decline in Morals and Values Decline in those values that have upheld this particular society together Public Health and Urban Decay Political Corruption Unemployment and Inflation Inferior technology Military Spending