The document discusses different types of circuit breakers, including air blast, vacuum, oil, and SF6 circuit breakers. It explains that a circuit breaker can make, carry, and break currents under normal and abnormal circuit conditions. The operating mechanism involves using stored energy to move a moving contact to open or close the circuit. When contacts separate during a fault, an arc is formed that must be quickly quenched for circuit interruption. Each breaker type uses a different medium, such as air, vacuum, oil or SF6 gas, to rapidly cool and extinguish the arc. Modern systems commonly use vacuum or SF6 breakers for their fast, reliable performance.
Circuit BreakersA circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected.
The inverter is a static device. It can convert one form of electrical power into other forms of electrical power. But it cannot generate electrical power. Hence the inverter is a converter, not a generator.
PPT on earthing, grounding and isolation made by the students of SVIT,Vasad under the valuable guidance of the faculties teaching us Electronics and Electrical workshop(EEW) under the course of GTU.
Circuit BreakersA circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected.
The inverter is a static device. It can convert one form of electrical power into other forms of electrical power. But it cannot generate electrical power. Hence the inverter is a converter, not a generator.
PPT on earthing, grounding and isolation made by the students of SVIT,Vasad under the valuable guidance of the faculties teaching us Electronics and Electrical workshop(EEW) under the course of GTU.
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Practical Arc Flash Protection for Electrical Safety ProfessionalsLiving Online
Electrical safety is an important issue for those working on electrical facilities in utility networks and large industrial installations. A number of serious accidents including fatalities occur every year due to accidents involving electricity resulting in huge financial losses and wasted man-hours. Arc flashes in electrical equipment are now considered one of the major causes of electrical accidents even surpassing the well known hazards of electric shock. Avoiding arc flash incidents and the resulting injuries is one of major challenges today facing electrical workers and requires adequate attention in the stages of system planning, design, installation, operation and maintenance.
Injuries due to arc flash can depend on many factors, one of which is the incident thermal energy on a worker exposed to a flash. Today, a considerable body of knowledge exists as a result of research efforts and is available to designers and maintenance engineers in the form of standards such as IEEE 1584 and NFPA 70E. This workshop will detail the basis of this approach and also about the major advances that have been made in the area of PPE made of FR fabrics and rated for different levels of thermal exposure.
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These would form the key focus areas of this workshop.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-arc-flash-protection-electrical-safety-professionals-22
A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit.
Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow.
An electrical circuit breaker is a switching device which can be operated manually and automatically for controlling and protection of electrical power system respectively. As the modern power system deals with huge currents, the special attention should be given during designing of circuit breaker for safe interruption of arc produced during the operation of circuit breaker.
The modern power system deals with huge power network and huge numbers of associated electrical equipments. During short circuit fault or any other types of electrical fault these equipment as well as the power network suffer a high stress of fault current in them which may damage the equipment and networks permanently.
For saving these equipment and the power networks the fault current should be cleared from the system as quickly as possible. Again after the fault is cleared, the system must come to its normal working condition as soon as possible for supplying reliable quality power to the receiving ends. In addition to that for proper controlling of power system, different switching operations are required to be performed.
So for timely disconnecting and reconnecting different parts of power system network for protection and control, there must be some special type of switching devices which can be operated safely under huge current carrying condition. During interruption of huge current, there would be large arcing in between switching contacts, so care should be taken to quench these arcs in circuit breaker in safe manner. The circuit breaker is the special device which does all the required switching operations during current carrying condition.
It describes about the circuit breaker and components and types of high voltage circuit breaker. It also explains about the working principle of the circuit breaker.
Air Blast & SF6 Circuit Breaker Design and Construction anuphowlader1
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow.
Switchgear and protection lecture 2 type of circuit breakers and applicationsanuphowlader1
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow.
Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city.
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Green computing is the environmentally responsible and eco-friendly use of computers and their resources. In broader terms, it is also defined as the study of designing, manufacturing/engineering, using and disposing of computing devices in a way that reduces their environmental impact.
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Cloud computing is a type of Internet-based computing that provides shared computer processing resources and data to computers and other devices on demand. It is a model for enabling ubiquitous, on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., computer networks, servers, storage, applications and services),
Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence exhibited by machines. In computer science, the field of AI research defines itself as the study of "intelligent agents". Robotics is the interdisciplinary branch of engineering and science that includes mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, and others.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence exhibited by machines. In computer science, the field of AI research defines itself as the study of "intelligent agents".
Robotics is the interdisciplinary branch of engineering and science that includes mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, and others. Robotics deals with the design, construction, operation, and use of robots,[1] as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing.
Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) is a bidirectional, high-speed and fully networked wireless communication technology similar to Wi-Fi. The term was coined by Harald Haas[1] and is a form of visible light communication and a subset of optical wireless communications (OWC) and could be a complement to RF communication (Wi-Fi or cellular networks), or even a replacement in contexts of data broadcasting.
3. Introduction
A circuit breaker is a mechanical switching
device, capable of making, carrying
and breaking currents under normal
circuit conditions. It is also capable of
making and carrying currents for a
specified time and breaking currents
under specified abnormal circuit
conditions, such as those of a short
circuit.
4. Fixed Fixed
contact contact
ARC ARC IS
ARC
QUENCHED BY
MEDIUM
Moving Moving
contact contact
OPERATING
PRINCIPLE
OF BREAKER IN A CIRCUIT BREAKER
5. Operating Mechanism
Circuit Breaker consists of two contacts:
Fixed contact.
Moving contact.
Moving contact is used to make and break the circuit
using stored energies in the form of spring or compressed
air.
Spring, pneumatic or oil damping is used to arrest the
speed of mc while closing.
FC contains a spring which holds the mc after closing.
6. Circuit breaker consists of two coils:
Closing coil –Used to close the circuit.
Tripping coil-Used to trip the circuit.
These coils activate the stored energy and directs
the mc to open or close.
DC batteries are used to energize these coils.
Solenoids are used to close or trip it.
CBs are usually arranged with pilot devices to
sense a fault current and to operate the trip
opening mechanism.
7. The Electric Arc
During the separation of contacts, due to large fault
current and high current density at the contact region
the surrounding medium ionizes and thus a
conducting medium is formed. This is called the
ARC.
Factors responsible for arc:-
Potential difference between the contacts.
Ionized particles between the contacts.
8. PRINCIPLES OF ARC
EXTINCTION
Arc quenching is achieved by:
Greater dielectric strength than restriking voltage.
Faster rate of heat removal than rate of heat
generation.
Arc extinction methods are:
By lengthening the gap.
Cooling the arc.
Inserting medium of high dielectric strength.
9. Types Of Circuit Breakers
Oil Circuit Breakers
Vacuum Circuit Breakers
Air Blast Circuit Breakers
SF Circuit B
6 reakers
10. OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER
It is designed for 11kv-765kv.
These are of two types
• BOCB (Bulk oil Circuit Breaker)
• MOCB (Minimum oil Circuit Breaker)
The contacts are immersed in oil
bath.
Oil provides cooling by
hydrogen created by arc.
It acts as a good dielectric
medium and quenches the arc.
11. Advantages:
Oil has good dielectric strength.
Low cost.
Oil is easily available.
It has wide range of breaking capability.
Disadvantages:
Slower operation , takes about 20 cycles for arc
quenching.
It is highly inflammable , so high risk of fire.
High maintenance cost.
12. VACCUM CIRCUIT BREAKER
It is designed for medium voltage range
(3.3-33kv).
This consists of vacuum of pressure
(1* 10-6) inside arc extinction chamber.
The arc burns in metal vapour when the
contacts are disconnected.
At high voltage , it’ s rate of dielectric
strength recovery is very high.
Due to vacuum arc extinction is very
fast.
The contacts loose metals gradually
due to formation of metal vapours.
13. Advantages:
Free from arc and fire hazards.
Low cost for maintenance & simpler mechanism.
Low arcing time & high contact life.
Silent and less vibrational operation.
Due to vacuum contacts remain free from corrosion.
No byproducts formed.
Disadvantages:
High initial cost due to creation of vacuum.
Surface of contacts are depleted due to metal vapours.
High cost & size required for high voltage breakers.
14. AIR BLAST CIRCUIT BREAKERS
This operates using high velocity blast of air which
quenches the arc.
It consists of blast valve , blast tube & contacts.
Blast valve contains air at high pressure.
Blast tube carries the air at high pressure & opens the
moving contact attached to spring.
There is no carbonization of surface as in VCB.
Air should be kept clean & dry to operate it properly.
15.
16. Advantages:
High speed operation as compared to OCB.
Ability to withstand frequent switching.
Facility for high speed reclosure.
Less maintenance as compared to OCB.
Disadvantages:
Little moisture content prolongs arcing time.
Pressure should be checked frequently for frequent
operation.
Risk of fire hazards due to over voltages.
It can’ t be used for high voltage operation due to prolonged
arc quenching.
17. SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKERS
It contains an arc interruption chamber containing SF6 gas.
In closed position the contacts remain surrounded by SF6 gas
at a pressure of 2.8 kg/cm2 .
During opening high pressure SF6 gas at 14 kg/cm2 from its
reservoir flows towards the chamber by valve mechanism.
SF6 rapidly absorbs the free electrons in the arc path to form
immobile negative ions to build up high dielectric strength.
It also cools the arc and extinguishes it.
After operation the valve is closed by the action of a set of
springs.
Absorbent materials are used to absorb the byproducts and
moisture.
18.
19. Advantages:
Very short arcing period due to superior arc quenching
property of SF6 .
Can interrupt much larger currents as compared to other
breakers.
No risk of fire.
Low maintenance, light foundation.
No over voltage problem.
There are no carbon deposits.
Disadvantages:
SF6 breakers are costly due to high cost of SF6.
SF6 gas has to be reconditioned after every operation of the
breaker, additional equipment is required for this purpose.
20. CONCLUSION:
Therefore, we conclude that circuit breaker is
the most essential part of the electrical networks
as it protects every device from damage. It
helps us to detect the fault and area affected by
it. Nowadays vacuum and SF6 circuit breakers
are widely used due to their reliable and fast
operations.