Chemistry of nanomaterials introduction

1. CHEMISTRY OF
NANOMATERIALS
CHEMISTRY OF NANO
MATERIALS

2. NANO

3. NANO
 ‘Nano’ - the Greek word for dwarf
means 10-9
 a nanometer - one billionth of a meter
 1nm = 10-9m
 Nanometer objects - too small to be
seen with our eye.

4. NANO

6. Nanoscience
 An emerging area of science
 The study of materials that have very very
small dimensions (100-10 nm in size)
 Involves chemistry, physics, biology,
mathematics, cognitive science and life
sciences.
 It is:
“The study of phenomena performance
and manipulation of ultra small structures or
materials at atomic, molecular and macro
molecular scales, where properties differ

7. Special characteristics imparted
by the nano dimensions
 The large ratio of surface area to volume.
 The large fractions of surface atoms to that in
its bulk.
 The smallness of size which makes many
barriers transparent.
 The size dependent properties such as
absorption of light of a certain frequency due to
the onest of quantum effects at the nanometer
scale. Nano particles are also called ‘quantum
dots’ due to the quantum effects.

9. Nanotechnology
 Nanotechnology is the engineering of
functional system at the molecular scale
 The term “nanotechnology” was first defined by
Norio taniguchi of the Tokyo science
University in a 1974 paper as:
“Nanotechnology mainly consist of
the processing of, separation, consolidation
and deformation of materials by one atom or
one molecule”
 Nanotechnology is a blanket term and its
principles and products are relevant to a wide
range of fields including medical field,
electronics, robotics, etc.

10. Nanoscience &
Nanotechnology
Nanoscience is simply the
study of nanostructures
nanotechnology is the
implementation and
application of such
understandings.

11. HISTORICAL
ASPECTS

12. 1867
James clerk max-well
 proposed as an
experiment a tiny
entity known as
Maxwell’s Demon
which can handle
individual
molecules

13. 1914
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
 first to use
nanometer for
characterizing
particle size

14. 1959
Richard Feynman
‘There’s plenty of
room at the
bottom’

15. 1980’s
Eric Drexler
 “Molecular
Nanotechnology “
[MNT] or
“Molecular
Manufacturing “

17. Nanotechnology and Nanoscience got
boost with two major developments .
 Birth of cluster science
 Invention of scanning tunnelling
microscope [STM]

18.  1985
 the discovery of
fullerenes
 the structural
assignments of
carbon nanotubes
a few years later.
 early 1990’s
 Huffman and
Kraetschmer
 discovered how
to synthesis and
purify large
quantities of
fullerenes

19. FULLERENES
AND
CARBON NANO TUBES

20. Historical aspects
1867 James clerk max-
well
proposed as an experiment a tiny entity known as
Maxwell’s Demon which can handle individual
molecules
1914 Richard Adolf
Zsigmondy
first to use nanometer for characterizing particle
size
1959 Richard Feynman ‘There’s plenty of room at the bottom’
1974 Norio taniguchi The term nano technology was first used
1980’s Eric Drexler “Molecular Nanotechnology “ [MNT] or “Molecular
Manufacturing “
Nanotechnology and Nanoscience got boost with two major developments . the
birth of cluster science and the invention of scanning tunnelling microscope
[STM]
1985 the discovery of fullerenes in and the and the structural assignments of
carbon nanotubes a few years later.
early
1990’s
Huffman and
Kraetschmer
discovered how to synthesis and purify large
quantities of fullerenes