The document outlines the essential characteristics of research, including its empirical, logical, cyclical, analytical, critical, methodical, and replicable nature. It also details the qualities of a good researcher, such as intellectual curiosity, prudence, and honesty, and classifies research into library, field, and laboratory types. Additionally, it explains various types of variables involved in research, such as independent, dependent, control, intervening, and moderator variables.

1. CHARACTERISTICS
OF RESEARCH

2. Characteristics of Research
1. Empirical – research is based on direct
experience or observation by the
researcher.
2. Logical – research is based on valid
procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical – research starts with a problem
and ends with a problem.

3. Characteristics of Research
4. Analytical – research utilizes proven
analytical procedures in gathering data,
whether historical, descriptive,
experimental, and case study.
5. Critical – research exhibits careful and
precise judgment.

4. Characteristics of Research
6. Methodical – research is conducted in a
methodical manner without bias using
systematic method and procedures.
7. Replicability – research design and
procedures are repeated to enable the
researcher to arrive at valid and
conclusive results.

5. Characteristics of the Researcher
1. Intellectual Curiosity – researcher undertakes
deep thinking and inquiry of the things,
problems, and situations around him.
2. Prudence – researcher is careful to conduct his
study at the right time and at the right place
wisely, efficiently, and economically.

6. Characteristics of the Researcher
3. Healthy Criticism – the researcher is always
doubtful as to the truthfulness of the results.
4. Intellectual Honesty – researcher is honest to
collect or gather the data or facts in order to
arrive at honest results.

7. Characteristics of the Researcher
5. Intellectual creativity – a resourceful
investigator always creates new researches.

8. Qualities of a Good Researcher
Research Oriented
Efficient
Scientific
Effective
Active
Resourceful
Creative
Honest
Economical
Religious

9. Man’s Major Needs and Problems Demand
Research
It includes:
• how to reduce his burden of work;
• how to relieve suffering;
• how to increase satisfaction in fulfilling his
needs, cravings and aspirations.

10. CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
1. Library Research – this is done in the library
where answers to specific questions or
problems of the study are available.
2. Field research – research is conducted in a
natural setting.

11. CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
3. Laboratory research – this is conducted in
artificial or controlled conditions by isolating
the study in a thoroughly specified and
equipped area.

12. The Variable
----- is a parameter that can
exist in differing amounts of
types.

13. Types of Variable
1. Independent Variable – this is the
stimulus variable which is chosen by
the researcher to determine its
relationship to an observed
phenomenon.

14. Types of Variable
2. Dependent Variable – this is the
response variable which is observed
and measured to determine the
effect of the independent variable. It
changes when independent variable
changes.

15. Types of Variable
3. Control Variable – a variable controlled by
the investigator in which the effects can
be neutralized by eliminating or removing
the variable.
4. Intervening Variable – a variable which
interferes with the independent and
dependent variables, but its effects can
either strengthen or weaken the
independent and dependent variables.

16. Types of Variable
5. Moderator Variable – this is a secondary
or special type of independent variable
chosen by the researcher to determine if
it changes or modifies the relationships
between the independent and dependent
variables.

17. REF: CALMORIN, MELCHOR &
LAURENTINA. 2012; RESEARCH
METHODS AND THESIS WRITNG; 2ND
EDITION