This document provides guidance on conducting a review of related literature. It discusses the purpose of an RRL from the perspectives of the researcher and reader. Key points include helping shape the research, justifying the approach and methods, demonstrating what is new, and providing context for readers. The document offers tips for gathering sources, evaluating online sources, delimiting the scope, outlining approaches, and writing the review. It emphasizes relating all discussed literature to the research topic.
Literature Review (Review of Related Literature - Research Methodology)Dilip Barad
Literature Review or Review of Related Literature is one of the most vital stages in any research. This presentation attempts to throw some light on the process and important aspects of literature review.
A literature review is a
“critical analysis of a segment of a published body of knowledge through summary, classification, and comparison of prior research studies, reviews of literature, and theoretical articles”
Introduction to research and its different aspectsbarsharoy19
This slide introduces the basic aspects of a research paper. It gives a brief description on impact factor, citation index and different categories of research paper
RSHUM 806
Literature Review Grading Rubric
Student:
Criteria
10 points
8 points
6 points
4 points
0 points
Points Earned
Abstract
The abstract is a brief, focused description of the contents of the paper
Generally focused on the contents of the paper
Somewhat focused on a broad topic
Scattered, random writing without focus
N/A
Introduction
Clearly and concisely articulates the topic of study, states the research question(s) motivating the investigation, and discusses the theoretical/conceptual framework and historical background for the study
Discusses the topic of study, the research question(s), and the theoretical/ conceptual framework or historical background for the study
The topic of study and research question(s) are unclear. The framework and background for the study are vague
Unfocused and wandering discussion; missing multiple required elements
N/A
Discussion of Key Terms
Keywords and essential terms are clearly discussed and defined using direct support from authoritative sources on the topic; includes citations
Keywords and essential terms are clearly discussed and defined
Definitions of keywords and essential terms are ambiguous or vague
Missing multiple required elements
N/A
40 points
30 points
20 points
10 points
0 points
Review of the Literature
Relevant research findings are tightly synthesized and organized by themes/categories; uses a balanced amount of direct quotation; includes citations to support findings
Research findings are organized by themes/categories; uses direct quotations and includes citations to support findings
Research findings are summarized by study, rather than synthesized by themes/categories; direct quotations are used either too heavily or too sparingly
Fails to include relevant research or includes findings unrelated to the topic; sources of argumentation and support unclear
N/A
10 points
8 points
6 points
4 points
0 points
Summary/ Conclusion
Includes a focused summary of key findings from the review; gaps in the literature and recommendations for future research are clearly discussed
Includes a summary of key findings from the review; gaps in the literature and recommendations for future research are identified
Summary of key findings is unfocused or inconsistent with the review; gaps in the literature or recommendations for future research are vague
Unfocused and wandering summary; missing multiple required elements
N/A
Grammar, Usage, & Mechanics
0–2 errors
3–4 errors
5 errors
6–8 errors
More than 8 errors
APA Format
0–2 APA errors
3–5 APA errors
6–7 APA errors
8–9 APA errors
More than 10 APA errors
Total:
Instructor Comments:
Gradaute Rearch Course Dr. Arbelo
Writing Guide for the Literature Review
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Guide to know about components of Research Paper and how to write one. Deep understanding of components.
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2. intro
Old definition:
The RRL is the selection
and annotation of available
documents (both published
and unpublished), which
contain information, ideas,
data and evidence related
to the topic that a person
proposes to research on.
3. intro
New definition:
The RRL is “the use of ideas
in the literature to justify
the particular approach to
the topic, the selection of
methods, and
demonstration that this
research contributes
something new. (Hart, 1998)”
4. intro The Review of Related
Literature (RRL) is an
important component of
the research process and
the research itself.
Two ways of
looking at
the RRL
- from the
point of view of the
researcher
- from the
point of view of the
reader
5. purpose It helps shape the research :
earlier studies can help you
identify a research problem;
broaden your knowledge in the
research area;
provides important clues/leads
to help you determine the topic
of inquiry;
shows “what is already known”
vs.“what needs to be known”;
provides the foundation and
justification for your research
problem;
- from the
point of view
of the
researcher
6. purpose
helps you Framing the valid
research methodologies,
approach, goals, and research
questions for your study
provides clues/leads with
regards the theoretical
framework and methodological
approach.
- from the
point of view
of the
researcher
7. purpose It provides the bigger
picture:
shares with the reader the
results of other studies that are
closely related to the proposed
study;
relates the proposed study to
the on-going conversation on
the topic;
provides the reader a
benchmark for comparing your
study with other studies;
helps the reader identify &
appreciate the value-added
information of your study
- from the
point of view
of the reader
8. A systematic RRL
input process output
• data gathering
• journals
• conference
proceedings
• non-refereed
materials
•
dissertations/these
s
• internet-based
sources
• know your literature
describe
summarize
• analysize and synthesize
compare-contrast
combining
integrating
• evaluate
selecting/deselecting
Identifying its
relevance to your
study
• exhibits the
impact
of the body of
literature as a
whole
• what did you learn
from the literature
9. tips and toes
• write references in 3x5 index
cards in APA Style; take note of
page #s, keywords, ideas in each
reference so that its easy to go
back to
• group together references
from:
a. books
b. journals and
periodicals
c. unpublished researches
(dissertation/theses)
d. newspapers/magazines
Source:AshfordUniversity
10. tips and toes
Source:AshfordUniversity
What to include in the review:
• Consider what material is to be
extracted from a previous study or
journal article.
• Potential points to be “extracted” for RRL:
problem being addressed
central topic/purpose or theme of the study
briefly state information about the sample,
subjects of the study
review key results/conclusions of the study
methodology –strengths and/or flaws
11. tips and toes
• To avoid plagiarism:
review the literature,
don’t reproduce it.
refrain from copying verbatim
what authors and researchers
say;
paraphrasing the literature in
your own
Words also helps your analysis
of the text
make sure that the source of
text or idea is also indicated with
your notes.
12. sourcing from the WWW
There are two basic types of
search engines: the Crawler-
based, also known as the
“spiders” and the human-
powered directories.
Yahoo! Google, Alta Vista, Ask Jeeves,
Lycos…
• Phrase search (“Asian Congress for Media and Communication")
• Search within a specific website (site:) [ Philippines
site:nytimes.com ]
• Terms you want to exclude (-) (journalism –citizen)
• Search exactly as is (+) (kris+aquino)
• The OR & AND operator (journalists killings 2009 OR 2010)
(journalists killings 2009 AND 2010)
13. sourcing from the WWW
5Cs of
Evaluating
Web
Sources:
Credibility
Content
Currency
Construction
Connectivity
14. sourcing from the WWW
Check the domain extention or the top level domain (TLD).
http://www.cnn.com:9988/frontpage/weather.html#typhoon
protocol domain name directory path spot
port address object name
http://www.cnn.com:9988/frontpage/weather.html#typhoon
protocol domain name directory path spot
port address object name
For example, if the TLD is a “.gov” it is an official government
website; but, if it is a “.com” or a “.org” then the website was
created by private persons. Other domains: edu - Educational
institutions
org - Organizations (private)
mil - Military
com - commercial business
net - network organizations
org – non-profit organization
16. delimiting the review
How much literature to
review?
The sky is NOT the limit.
• Provide parameters around
your literature review, so that you
don’t review ad infinitum.
• Parameters may be the
variables; the type of research or
the time frame.
Some examples:
An analysis of foreign news content in local
primetime news programs.
17. delimiting the review
Characteristics of the Review
1. The text of the review should be brief and to the point.
• To ensure brevity and conciseness, you have to summarize
or paraphrase important points. Avoid direct quotations of
the author’s ideas or the results of the studies you are
reviewing.
2. Have a plan on how you are to present the review.
• Prepare an outline before finally writing the review.This will
ensure coherence and unity of ideas presented.The
problem you are going to work on can serve as your outline
for discussion of related literature and studies that are
relevant to your proposed research.
18. delimiting the review
Characteristics of the Review
3. Emphasize relatedness
• Keep the reader aware of the manner in which the literature
you are discussing is related to your problem.
• Try to point out what that relationship is.
4. Review the literature, don’t reproduce it
• Refrain from copying verbatim what authors and researchers
say. Critically review and discuss the literature in relation to
your research work.
19. approaches to writing the review
1. Chronological
Literature and studies are presented according to
the year they were written. Sample outline:
A. Introduction
B. Recent literature & studies
C. Least recent literature & studies
D. Synthesis of the review
20. approaches to writing the review
2.Thematic
Literature and studies with the same findings are
grouped together. Sample outline:
A. Introduction
B. Studies on independent variable
C. Studies on major dependent variables
D. Synthesis of the review
21. approaches to writing the review
3. Country of origin
Literature and studies are categorized based on
the country/continent where they came from.
Sample outline:
A. Introduction
B. Foreign studies
C. Local studies
D. Synthesis of the review
22. approaches to writing the review
Writing the Review
Some notes:
• It is in the introduction where you make your
readers aware of your approach in presenting the
related literature;
• It is the synthesis where you specify the
uniqueness of your study vis-à-vis the literature you
had just discussed in the review.
23. references
Bautista,Victoria (2000). Research and Public
Management. UP Open University: Los Baños.
Creswell, John (1994). Research Design: Qualitative
and Quantitative Approaches. Sage Publications:
California.
Hart, C. (1998). Doing a literature review: Releasing the
social
science research imagination. London,UK: Sage
Publications.