This document discusses key aspects of research such as definitions, types, variables, and characteristics. It defines research as the scientific investigation of phenomena through collection and analysis of data. The values of research are also outlined, such as improving quality of life, reducing burden of work, and responding to socioeconomic development. Good researchers exhibit qualities like being research-oriented, efficient, scientific, and creative. Research can be basic, applied, developmental, library-based, field-based, or laboratory-based. Variables include the independent, dependent, moderator, control, and intervening variables. The document concludes by introducing the topic of the research problem and hypothesis that will be discussed in the next chapter.

1. RESEARCH AND THESIS
WRITING
MINDANAO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
HASANIE M. ALI, RSW, MPA

2. CHAPTER 1
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

3. RESEARCH?
• Is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena, which
includes the collection, presentation, analysis and investigation of
data or facts that link man’s speculation of reality.

4. VALUES OF RESEARCH TO MAN
• CONVENTIONAL TO MODERN
• MAKE LIFE RICHER
• MEANINGFUL
• INCOME
• ALLEVIATE POVERTY

5. VALUES OF RESEARCH TO MAN
• RESEARCH IMPROVES QUALITY OF LIFE
• IMPROVES INSTRUCTION AND STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENTS
• REDUCES THE BURDEN OF WORK
• SATISFIES MAN’S NEEDS
• IMPROVES THE EXPORTATION OF FOOD PRODUCTS
• IMROVES TEACHER’S COMPETENCE
• RESPONDS TO THE COUNTRY’S EFFORT AS ECONOMIC RECOVERY
• TRAINS GRADUATES TO RESPOND TO THE SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
OF THE SOCIETY AND TO COMPETE GLOBALLY
• MAKES THE COUNTRY GREAT AGAIN

6. QUALITIES OF A GOOD RESEARCHER
• Research-oriented
• Efficient
• Scientific
• Effective
• Active
• Resourceful
• Creative
• Honest
• Economical
• Religious

7. CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESEARCHER
• Intellectual Curiosity
• Prudence
• Healthy Criticism
• Honesty
• Creativity
• Inventiveness
• Productivity

8. Characteristics of Research
• Empirical
• Logical
• Cyclical
• Analytical
• Methodical
• Critical
• Replicable

9. Kinds of Research
• BASIC RESEARCH
*Hooke’s Law
*Newton’s Law
*Boyle’s Law
*Archimedes Principle
*Charles Law

10. Kinds of Research
• Applied Research
• Developmental Research

11. Classification of Research
• LIBRARY RESEARCH
• FIELD RESEARCH
• LABORATORY

12. Classification of Research
• LIBRARY RESEARCH
Is an ideal for descriptive research, the study of the present, and
historical research, the study of past. Answers to specific questions
or problems can be found in the library because it carries primary
and secondary sources of information relevant to any research
subject.
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13. Classification of Research
• FIELD RESEARCH
It is conducted in a natural environment. No changes are made in the
environment. Field research is applicable to both descriptive and
experimental researches, provided that the study is conducted in its usual
surroundings.
Field and laboratory researches also make use of library research
especially for the review of related literature. Answers to specific
research problems though are not available in the library. Instead, these
data are gathered through survey or experimentation.
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14. Classification of Research
• LABORATORY
It is conducted in artificial and controlled conditions by isolating or
separating the study in a specified thoroughly operationalized area.
The purpose are to: (a) test the hypothesis derived from theory; (b)
control variance under research conditions and (c) discover the
relations between the dependent and independent variable.
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15. THE VARIABLES
• Is defined as a quantity susceptible or liable to fluctuation or
change in value, level, degree, scale or magnitude under different
conditions. These quantities represent numerical values, groups,
classes, kinds or categories.

16. Kinds of Variables
• Independent Variable
• Dependent Variable
• Moderator Variable
• Control Variable
• Intervening Variable

17. Kinds of Variables
• Independent Variable
It is the stimulus or cause variable chosen by the researcher to determine
the relationship of an observe phenomenon.
• Dependent Variable
It is responsive variable or effect that is observed or measured determine
the effect of the independent variable. It changes when the independent
variable varies.
• Moderator Variable
It is a special kind of independent variable chosen by the researcher to
determine if it changes or modifies the relationship between the
independent and dependent variables.

18. Kinds of Variables
• Control Variable
It is a variable that is managed by the researcher in which the
effects can be neutralized by eliminating or removing the variable.
• Intervening Variable
Is the independent and dependent variables, but the effect can
either strengthen or weaken the independent and dependent
variable.

19. CHAPER 2
RESEARCH PROBLEM AND HYPOTHESIS