This document discusses principles and methods for presenting quantitative data. It describes how presentation of data through tools like tables, graphs, and diagrams can help organize, summarize, and communicate information in an easy to understand way. Specific types of charts and graphs are described for presenting categorical data like bar charts, pie charts, and pictograms, as well as continuous data through histograms and stem-and-leaf diagrams. The goals of data presentation include facilitating understanding, comparisons, future analysis, and problem solving.

1. Presentation
of Data
Quantitative Method

2. Presentation of Data
•Method by which the people organize,
summarize and communicate
information using variety of tools such
as tables, graphs, and diagrams.

3. USES OF PRESENTATION
Easy and better understanding of the subject
Provide first hand information about data
Helpful in future analysis
Easy of making comparisons
Very attractive

4. PRINCIPLES IN PRESENTATION
• Data should be presented in simple form
• Arose interest in a reader
• Should be concise but without losing impact details
• Facilitate further statistical analysis
• Define problem and should suggest its solutions.

6. Significance of Tabulation
• Simplifies complex data
• Unnecessary details and repetitions of data avoided in
tabulation
• Facilitates comparison
• Gives identity to data
• Reveals pattern with in the figures which cannot be seen in
the narrative form

7. Presentation of categorical data
• Bar Chart is a chart or graph
that presents categorical
data with rectangular bars
with heights or lengths proport
ional to the values that they
represent.

8. Presentation of categorical data
•Pie Chart is a
circular statistical
graphic which is divided
into slices to illustrate
numerical proportion.

9. Presentation of categorical data
Pictograms
• Pictograms are types of charts and graphs
that use icons and images to represent data.
• Also known as “pictographs”, “icon charts”,
“picture charts”, and “pictorial unit charts”,
pictograms use a series of repeated icons to
visualize simple data.
• A pictogram can be more eye-catching, but
is less accurate than a bar chart

10. Presentation of continuous data
• Histograms - is a graphical representation of
data points organized into user-specified ranges.
Similar in appearance to a bar graph, the
histogram condenses a data series into an easily
interpreted visual by taking many data points
and grouping them into logical ranges or bins.

11. Presentation of continuous data
• Stem-and-leaf diagram
A Stem and Leaf Plot is a
special table where each data
value is split into a "stem"
(the first digit or digits) and a
"leaf"