The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart pumps blood through two circuits - pulmonary circulation to the lungs and systemic circulation to the rest of the body. Blood flows from the right side of the heart to the lungs to receive oxygen, then to the left side to pump oxygenated blood to all body tissues through arteries and returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart through veins. The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and wastes throughout the body.

1. Circulatory System
The Body’s Transport System
Prof. GHIZAL FATIMA
ERA UNIVERSITY,
LUCKNOW, INDIA

2. The Circulatory System
• Consists of organs and tissues that transport
essential materials to body cells and remove their
waste products.
• This body system is also known as the
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

3. FUNCTIONS
Transport nutrients, hormones
Remove waste products
Gaseous exchange
Immunity
 Blood vessels transport blood
◦ Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
◦ Also carries nutrients and wastes
Heart pumps blood through blood vessels

4. How the Circulatory System Works
• Hormones from glands
help regulate cell activity.
• Oxygen from the lungs
combines with nutrients
to provide energy.
• Nutrients provided by
food gives energy to cells.

5. Blood Vessels -A network of tubes
–Arteriesarterioles move away from the heart
•Elastic Fibers
•Circular Smooth Muscle
–Capillaries – where gas exchange takes place.
•One cell thick
•Serves the Respiratory System
–VeinsVenules moves towards the heart
•Skeletal Muscles contract to force blood back
from legs
•One way values

6. ARTERIES
 Blood vessels that
carry blood away from
the heart are called
arteries.
 They are the thickest
blood vessels and they
carry blood high in
oxygen known as
oxygenated blood
(oxygen rich blood).

7. ARTERIES
• Accompanied by vein and nerves
• Lumen is small
• No valves
• Repeated branching

8. CLASSIFICATION OF ARTERIES
• Elastic- e.g. (Aorta & its Major branches)
• Muscular -e.g.(Renal, Testicular, Radial, Tibial
etc.)

9. CAPILLARIES (5-8 micron)
• The smallest blood
vessels are
capillaries and they
connect the arteries
and veins.
• This is where the
exchange of
nutrients and gases
occurs.

10. BODY CONTAINS TWO KINDS OF CAPILLARIES
• CONTINUOUS-
• SKIN, LUNG, SMOOTH MUSCLE, CONNECTIVE
TISSUES
• FENESTRATED-
• PANCREAS,ENDOCRINE GLANDS, SMALL
INTESTINE, etc.

11. VEINS
• Blood vessels that carry
blood back to the heart
are called veins.
• They have one-way
valves which prevent
blood from flowing
backwards.
• They carry blood that is
high in carbon dioxide
known as deoxygenated
blood (oxygen poor
blood).

12. VEINS
• Thin Walled
• Large irregular lumen
• Have valves
• Types:
Large
Medium
Small

13. How the Circulatory System Works
• Germ fighters (antibodies)
from different parts of the
body help to fight infection
and disease.
• Wastes are carried to the liver
and kidneys for removal from
the body.
• Carbon Dioxide, a waste gas,
is carried away and delivered
to the lungs, which remove it
from the body.

14. Parts of the Circulatory System
• Heart: heart pumps
blood through two
major pathways.
• Blood Vessels
• Blood
• Pulmonary Circulation:
flow blood from the
heart to the lungs and
back to the heart.
• Systemic Circulation: is
the flow of blood to all
the body tissues except
the lungs.

15. CIRCULATION
–Coronary circulation – the circulation
of blood within the heart.
–Pulmonary circulation – the flow of
blood between the heart and lungs.
–Systemic circulation – the flow of
blood between the heart and the cells
of the body.

16. SYSTEMIC AND PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Pulmonary circulation
The flow of blood
between the heart
and lungs.
Systemic circulation
The flow of blood
between the heart
and the cells of the
body.
Chapter 18, Cardiovascular
System
16
Figure 18.5

17. Chapter 18, Cardiovascular
System
17
CORONARY CIRCULATION: ARTERIAL
SUPPLY
Figure 18.7a

18. The Heart
Consists of four chambers in which blood flows.
• Blood enters the R atrium and
passes through the right
ventricle.
• The R ventricle pumps the blood
to the lungs where it becomes
oxygenated.
• The oxygenated blood is brought
back to the heart by the
pulmonary veins which enter
the L atrium.
• From the L atrium blood flows to
the L ventricle.
• The L ventricle pumps blood to
the aorta which distributes the
oxygenated blood throughout
the rest of the body.

19. Blood enters the R
atrium and passes
through the right
ventricle.
The R ventricle pumps
the blood to the lungs
where it becomes
oxygenated.
The oxygenated blood is
brought back to the
heart by the pulmonary
veins which enter the L
atrium.
From the L atrium blood
flows to the L ventricle.
The L ventricle pumps
blood to the aorta which
distributes the
oxygenated blood
throughout the rest of
the body.

20. Pathway of the blood
•Superior Vena Cava
•Right Atrium
•Right Ventricle
•Lungs
•Pulmonary Vein
•Left auricle
•Bicuspid Valve
•Left Ventricle
•Aorta
•To the bodies organs & cells

22. Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation

23. Blood Vessels
Over 80,000 miles of blood vessels transport your
blood throughout your body

24. • heart is an amazing organ. It continuously pumps
oxygen and nutrient-rich blood throughout body to
sustain life.
• This fist-sized powerhouse beats (expands and
contracts) 100,000 times per day, pumping five or six
quarts of blood each minute, or about 2,000 gallons
per day
• The heart beats 2.5 billion times in a lifetime. The 5
quarts of blood an adult male continually pumps (4
quarts for women) flow at an average speed of 3 to 4
mph — walking speed. That's fast enough so that a
drug injected into an arm reaches the brain in only a
few seconds.

25. SUMMARY
• Blood flows through heart and lungs in four steps:
• The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from
the body and pumps it to the right
ventricle through the tricuspid valve. ... The left
atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs
and pumps it to the left ventricle through the mitral
valve.

26. Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries

27. Blood: a mixture of solids in a large amount
of liquid called plasma.
• Plasma: is about 92%
water. It transports
blood solids, nutrients,
hormones, and other
materials.
• Red Blood Cells: carry
oxygen to cells and
carbon dioxide away
from them.

28. Blood: a mixture of solids in a large amount
of liquid called plasma.
• White Blood Cells: help
fight disease and
infection by attacking
germs that enter the
body.
• Platelets: help blood
form a clot at the site of
a wound. A clot seals a
cut and prevents
excessive blood loss.

29. Blood Pressure
As blood is moved through body, it exerts pressure against the walls of blood
vessels.
• Systolic Pressure: as
heart contracts to push
blood into arteries,
blood pressure is at its
highest point.
• Diastolic Pressure: As
heart relaxes to refill,
blood pressure is at its
lowest point.

30. Problems of the Circulatory System
• Hypertension: is a condition in which blood
pressure is consistently higher than normal,
which can lead to heart attack, stroke, or
kidney failure.
• Stroke usually results from blood clots that
block vessels in the brain, or from the rupture
of a blood vessel.
• Heart Attack is a blockage of the flow of blood
to the heart.

31. Problems of the Circulatory System
• Anemia is an abnormally low level of
hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen in
red blood cells.
• Leukemia is a disease in which extra white
blood cells are produced.
• Hemophilia is a disease in which the blood
plasma does not contain substances that help
the blood to clot.

32. Care of the Circulatory System
• Limit fat in your foods.
• Get regular physical
activity.
• Avoid tobacco.
• Aviod stress.