Chapter 7 Storage

Chapter 7 Objectives Differentiate between storage and memory Identify various types of storage media and storage devices Explain how a floppy disk stores data Identify the advantages of using high-capacity disks Describe how a hard disk organizes data Identify the advantages of using an Internet hard drive Explain how a compact disc stores data Understand how to care for a compact disc Differentiate between CD-ROMs, CD-RWs, and DVD-ROMs Identify the uses of tape Understand how an enterprise storage system works Explain how to use PC Cards and other miniature storage media Identify uses of microfilm and microfiche p. 7.2 Next

Memory Versus Storage ,[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 2 Fig. 7-1 Next

Memory Versus Storage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 3 Nonvolatile memory Does not lose its contents when power is removed from the computer Volatile memory Loses its contents when the computer’s power is turned off Most memory is volatile Next

Memory Versus Storage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 4 When you want to work with a file, you remove it from storage and place it in memory When you are finished with the file, you remove it from memory and return it to storage Next

Memory Versus Storage ,[object Object],p. 7. 4 Fig. 7-2 State of Computer ON OFF Screen Display Volatile Contents of Storage Nonvolatile Contents of Memory (most RAM) Volatile C6578 print cartridge $30.25 per cartridge 2 cartridges $60.50 total due Contents of storage retained when power is off Screen display and contents of most RAM (memory) erased when power is off Next

Memory Versus Storage ,[object Object],p. 7. 4 storage medium The physical material on which a computer keeps data, instructions, and information storage device The computer hardware that records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium Next

Memory Versus Storage ,[object Object],p. 7. 4 Writing Process of transferring items from memory to a storage medium Serves as a source of output ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next

Memory Versus Storage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7.4 Fig. 7-4 Memory (RAM) Compact Disc Floppy Disk Tape Hard Disk cost less expensive more expensive speed faster slower Next

Memory Versus Storage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 4 Fig. 7-3 Storage Term Abbreviation Number of bytes Kilobyte Megabyte Gigabyte Terabyte Petabyte KB MB TB GB PB 1 thousand 1 million 1 billion 1 trillion 1 quadrillion Next

Technology Trailblazer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7.7 Click to view Web Link then click Al Shugart Next

Floppy Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 7 Next

Floppy Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7.6 Fig. 7-5 Click to view Web Link then click Floppy Disks shell shutter liner magnetic coating flexible thin film metal hub Next

Floppy Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7.7 Fig. 7-6 floppy disk floppy disk drive Next

Floppy Disks ,[object Object],p. 7. 6 Two floppy drives drive A drive B One floppy drive drive A Next

Floppy Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 8 Next

Floppy Disks ,[object Object],p. 7. 7 Fig. 7-7 Step 6: The read/write heads read data from and write data on the floppy disk. Step 6 Step 5: A motor positions the read/write heads over the correct location on the recording surface of the disk. Step 5 Step 4: A motor causes the floppy disk to spin. Step 4 Step 3: If disk access is a write instruction, the circuit board verifies whether the disk can be written to or not. Step 3 Step 2: When you initiate a disk access, the circuit board on the drive sends signals to control movement of the read/write heads and the disk. Step 2 Step 1: When you insert the floppy disk into the drive, the shutter moves to the side to expose the recording surface on the disk. Step 1 Next

Floppy Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 7 Upward compatible Able to recognize newer media Floppy disk drives are not upward compatible Next Downward compatible Able to recognize and use earlier media Floppy disk drives are downward compatible

Floppy Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7.8 Fig. 7-8 80 tracks per side X 18 sectors per track X 2 sides per disk X 512 bytes per sector = 1,474,560 bytes Next sector 18 per track track 80 per side

Floppy Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7.8 Next cluster 2 to 8 sectors

Floppy Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 8 Fig. 7-9 Next

Floppy Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7.9 Next Avoid exposure to heat and cold Avoid exposure to magnetic fields Avoid exposure to contaminants such as dust, smoke, or salt air Keep disks in a storage tray when not using them Never open the shutter and touch the disk’s recording surface

Floppy Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 9 Fig. 7-10 write-protected not write-protected Next notch closed means you can write on the disk notch open means you cannot write on the disk

High-Capacity Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],p. 7.9 Click to view Web Link then click Zip ® Drives HiFD ™ (High-Capacity Floppy Disk) drive Uses a 200 MB HiFD ™ disk Developed by Sony Electronics, Inc. Next SuperDisk ™ drive Uses a 120 MB or a 250 MB SuperDisk™ Developed by Imation Zip ® drive Uses a Zip ® disk that can store 100 MB or 250 MB of data Developed by Iomega Corporation built in Zip ® drive

High-Capacity Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7.9 Next data instructions information

Hard Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 10 Fig. 7-12 Next Hard disk installed in system unit

Hard Disks ,[object Object],p. 7.11 Fig. 7-13 Step 4: The head actuator positions the read/write head arms over the correct location on the platters to read or write data Step 4 Step 2: A small motor spins the platters while the computer is running Step 2 Step 3: When software requests a disk access, the read/write heads determine the current or new location of the data Step 3 Step 1: The circuit board controls the movement of the head activator and a small motor Step 1 Next

Hard Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 11 Fig. 7-14 Click to view animation Next track cylinder

Hard Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 12 Fig. 7-15 hair read/write head dust smoke platter gap Next Clearance is approximately two millionths of an inch

Hard Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 12 Click to view Web Link then click Hard Drives Next Hard disk Approximately 5 to 11 milliseconds Floppy disk 84 milliseconds or approximately ½ a second

Hard Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 12 Fig. 7-16 ,[object Object],processor hard disk disk cache processor hard disk disk cache first request for data — to disk cache Next processor hard disk disk cache second request for data — to hard disk first request for data — to disk cache

Hard Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 12 Next drive C Designation for first partition or for a single partition on the hard disk drive D Designation for second partition on the hard disk

Hard Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 13 USB port Used as interface for many external hard disk drives Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics (EIDE) One of the most widely used controllers Supports up to four hard disks Next small computer system interface (SCSI) Supports multiple disk drives, as well as other peripherals You can daisy chain devices together

Hard Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 13 Fig. 7-17 Next

Company on the Cutting Edge ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 13 Click to view video Click to view Web Link then click Kingston Next

Hard Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7.14 Fig. 7-18 Next

Hard Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 14 Fig. 7-19 ,[object Object],[object Object],Next Mirroring (RAID Level 1) Striping

Hard Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 15 Fig. 7-20 Click to view Web Link then click Utilities Next

Hard Disks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 16 Fig. 7-21 Next

Hard Disks ,[object Object],p. 7. 16 Allows offsite backups of data Others can be authorized to access data from your Internet hard drive Files can be accessed from any computer or device that has Web access Large audio, video, and graphics files can be downloaded to an Internet hard drive instantaneously Next

Compact Discs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 17 CD-ROM CD-R CD-RW DVD-ROM Next

Compact Discs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 17 Fig. 7-22 Push the same button to close the tray Next Push button to slide out the tray Insert disc, label side up

[object Object],[object Object],Compact Discs ,[object Object],Step 3: Reflected light is deflected to a light-sensing diode, which sends digital signals of 1 to the computer. Absence of reflected light is read as a digital signal of 0. Step 1: A laser diode shines a light beam toward the compact disc. Step 2: If light strikes a pit, it scatters. If light strikes land, it is reflected back toward the laser diode. p. 7. 18 Fig. 7-23 Compact disc label Compact disc label lens lens prism prism laser diode laser diode Step 1 Compact disc label lens lens prism prism laser diode laser diode Next Step 2 Compact disc label lens lens prism prism laser diode laser diode pit land Step 3 Compact disc label lens lens prism prism laser diode laser diode Light-sensing diode Light-sensing diode 0 1 pit land

Compact Discs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 18 Fig. 7-24 Next Compact disc sectors Single track spirals to edge of disc

Compact Discs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7.19 Fig. 7-25 Next

Compact Discs ,[object Object],p. 7.19 Fig. 7-26 1: Do not expose the disc to excessive heat or sunlight. 2: Do not eat, smoke, or drink near a disc. 3: Do not stack discs. 4: Do not touch the underside of the disc. 5: Do store the disc in a jewel box when not in use. 6: Do hold a disc by its edges. Next

CD-ROMs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 20 Next

CD-ROMs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 20 Fig. 7-27 Click to view Web Link then click CD-ROMs Next

CD-ROMs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7.20 range of current rates 40X 40 X 150 KB per second = 6,000 KB per second or 6 MB per second Next 75X 75 X 150 KB per second = 12,250 KB per second or 12.25 MB per second

CD-ROMs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 21 Fig. 7-28 ,[object Object],Next

CD-ROMs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 21 Click to view Web Link then click Picture CDs Next

CD-R and CD-RW ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 22 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next

CD-R and CD-RW ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 22 Click to view Web Link then click CD-RWs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next

CD-R and CD-RW ,[object Object],Step 5: User listens to song on personal computer or removes CD and listens to song on portable CD player. Step 2a: Song is stored on audio CD and purchased by the user. Step 2b: Song is compressed and stored on the Internet. Step 3a: User inserts audio CD into CD-ROM drive, plays song, and copies it to the hard disk. Step 3b: User downloads song as audio file to hard disk. p. 7. 23 Fig. 7-29 Step 1: Artist composes a song and creates a CD. Step 4: User copies file to CD-RW disc. 1 1 2a 2b 1 2a 2b 3a 3b 1 2a 2b 3a 3b 4 Next 1 2a 2b 3a 3b 4 5

DVD-ROMs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7.24 Fig. 7-30 Click to view video Next

DVD-ROMs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 25 Fig. 7-31 Next

DVD-ROMs ,[object Object],p. 7. 25 Click to view video Next Digital motion picture DVD Used to play a movie on your television set or view on the computer DVD-R (DVD-recordable) A recordable DVD that you can write on once and read from many times DVD+RW A competing technology to DVD-RAM DVD-RAM A rewritable DVD that allows you to erase and record on the disc multiple times

Technology Trailblazer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 25 Click to view Web Link then click Mark Dean Next

Company on the Cutting Edge ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 26 Click to view Web Link then click EMC Next

Tapes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 26 Fig. 7-32 Click to view Web Link then click Tapes Next

Tapes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7.26 Fig. 7-33 Next

Tapes ,[object Object],p. 7. 26 Next Sequential access Method used for tape Reading and writing data consecutively You must forward or rewind the tape to a specific point to access a specific piece of data Much slower Utilized most often for long-term storage and backup Direct access Method used for floppy disks, hard disks, and compact discs Also called random access You can locate a particular data item or file immediately, without having to move consecutively through items stored in front of the desired data item or file Faster Used as the primary method of storage

Enterprise Storage Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7.27 Fig. 7-34 Next NAS device Internet backup NAS device NAS device CD-ROM jukeboxes Internet backup tape library NAS device CD-ROM jukeboxes Internet backup RAID SAN servers tape library NAS device CD-ROM jukeboxes Internet backup

Enterprise Storage Systems ,[object Object],p. 7. 27 Network-attached storage (NAS) device An easy way to add additional hard disk space to the network Internet backup Stores data, information, and instructions on the Web CD-ROM jukebox Holds hundreds of CD-ROMs that can contain application programs and data Also called a CD-ROM server RAID system Ensures that data is not lost if one drive fails Server Stores data, information, and instructions need by users on the network Tape library A high-capacity tape system that works with multiple tape cartridges for storing backups of data, information, and instructions Next Storage area network (SAN) A high-speed network that connects storage devices

Enterprise Storage Systems ,[object Object],p. 7. 28 Next Enterprise storage system managed in house Data warehouse A huge database system that stores and manages historical and current transaction data Storage management offloaded to an outside organization or online Web service

PC Cards ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 28 Fig. 7-35 Click to view Web Link then click PC Cards Next

PC Cards ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 28 Fig. 7-36 Next

Miniature Mobile Storage Media ,[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 28 Fig. 7-37 Clik! Disk CompactFlash Microdrive SmartMedia 40 MB 2 to 256 MB 1 GB 2 to 128 MB Cartridge Digital cameras, notebook computers Memory Card Digital cameras, handheld computers, notebook computers, printers, cellular telephones Memory card Digital cameras, handheld computers, music players, video cameras Memory Card Digital cameras, handheld computers, photo printers, cellular telephones Next Storage Capacity Device Name Type, Use

Miniature Mobile Storage Media ,[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 29 Fig. 7-38 Next

Miniature Mobile Storage Media ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 29 Fig. 7-39 Next

Miniature Mobile Storage Media ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 29 Store data such as photographs, music, books, and video clips Next Store a prepaid dollar amount that is updated when the card is used Store patient records, vaccination data, and other healthcare information Store tracking information such as customer purchases or employee attendance

Miniature Mobile Storage Media ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 29 Next A bank issues unique digital cash numbers that represent an amount of money When you purchase digital cash, the amount of money is withdrawn from your bank account To use the card you swipe it through a card reader

Microfilm and Microfiche ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],p. 7. 30 Fig. 7-40 Next Microfiche Uses a small sheet of film, usually about four inches by six inches Microfilm Uses a 100- to 215-foot roll of film

Microfilm and Microfiche ,[object Object],[object Object],p. 7.30 Fig. 7-41 Next

Summary ,[object Object],p. 7. 31 Fig. 7-42 Large Business Power Large Business Home Mobile Small Office/Home Office Power 3.5-inch HD floppy disk drive DVD-ROM drive CD-RW drive 75 GB hard disk Internet hard drive 2 GB Jaz ® drive Large Business 3.5-inch HD floppy disk drive 75 GB hard disk DVD-ROM drive CD-RW drive Microfilm or microfiche Smart card reader RAID Tape drive Enterprise storage system Small Office/Home Office 3.5-inch HD floppy disk drive 40 GB hard disk Internet hard drive DVD-ROM drive CD-RW drive 2 GB Jaz ® drive 3.5-inch HD floppy disk drive 1 GB PC Card hard disk 10 GB hard disk Internet hard drive DVD-ROM drive or 40X CD-ROM drive Mobile Next Home 3.5-inch HD floppy disk drive 250 MB Zip ® drive 30 GB hard disk Internet hard drive DVD-ROM drive CD-RW drive Large Business Home Mobile Small Office/Home Office Power

Summary of Storage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next

Chapter 7 Storage

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Chapter 7 Storage