This document provides an overview of the main hardware components of a computer system. It discusses both internal components like the CPU, motherboard, RAM, storage devices, and expansion slots. It also covers external input/output devices that connect to the computer. The key points are that hardware requires software instructions to function, and that the CPU and chipset on the motherboard work together to allow communication between different hardware components using buses and slots. Memory and storage devices are also distinguished.

1. Chapter 1 Introducing Hardware

2. You Will Learn… That a computer requires both hardware and software to work About the many different hardware components inside and connected to a computer

3. Hardware Needs Software to Work Hardware Physical components of a computer Visible part of a system Software Set of instructions that directs hardware to accomplish a task The intelligence

4. Functions of a Computer

5. Binary Communication Between Hardware and Software

6. Binary Number System

7. PC Hardware Components Outside computer case: input/output devices Inside the case: processing and storage CPU – most important component Requirements of a hardware device Method for CPU to communicate with it Software to instruct and control it Electricity to power it

8. Hardware Used for Input and Output Connects to computer case by ports (eg, serial, parallel, USB, game, keyboard, mouse) Popular input devices: Keyboard Mouse Popular output devices: Monitor Printer

9. Ports

10. Input Devices

11. Output Devices

12. Hardware Inside the Case

13. Motherboard Components Processing CPU (most important) Chip set Temporary storage RAM Cache memory Electrical system Power supply connections Communication with other devices Traces Expansion slots System clock Programming/setup data Flash ROM CMOS setup chip

14. The Motherboard

15. The Motherboard ( continued )

16. The CPU

17. The Chip Set Controls most activities on the motherboard Includes several device controllers USB controller Memory controller IDE controller

18. The Chip Set ( continued )

19. Storage Devices Temporary (primary storage, or memory) Temporarily holds data and instructions while processing them Faster to access than permanent storage Permanent (secondary storage) Data and instructions must be copied into primary storage (RAM) for processing

20. Primary and Secondary Storage

21. Primary Storage Devices Memory, or RAM, located on motherboard and other circuit boards Volatile versus nonvolatile (or ROM) memory Types of boards that hold memory chips SIMMs DIMMs RIMMs

22. RAM Chips

23. Types of RAM Modules

24. Secondary Storage Devices Hard drives CD-ROM drives DVD drives Zip drives Floppy drives

25. Hard Drive

26. EIDE Technology Used by most hard drives, CD-ROM drives, and DVD drives Can accommodate up to four EIDE devices on one system

27. IDE Connectors on a Motherboard

28. IDE Connectors on a Motherboard ( continued )

29. IDE Connectors on a Motherboard

30. Hard Drive’s Power Supply

31. Floppy Drive Connection

32. Floppy Drive Connection ( continued )

33. CD-ROM Drive Connection

34. Motherboard Components Used for Communication Among Devices The data bus System of pathways used for communication and the protocol and methods used for transmission

35. The Bus and Bus Lines

36. Data Bus

37. System Clock

38. Clock Speed Of motherboard Measured in megahertz (MHz) Of CPU Measured in gigahertz (GHz)

39. Expansion Slots

40. Types of Expansion Slots

41. Interface (Expansion) Cards

42. Interface (Expansion) Cards ( continued )

43. The Electrical System Power supply Most important component of computer’s electrical system Converts/reduces electricity to voltage the computer can handle Runs a fan directly from electrical output voltage to cool inside of computer case

44. The Electrical System ( continued )

45. The Electrical System ( continued )

46. Instructions Stored on the Motherboard ROM BIOS (most are flash ROM) System BIOS Startup BIOS CMOS setup Motherboard BIOS supports ACPI, APM, and Plug and Play technologies

47. ROM BIOS Chip

48. Motherboard Configuration Settings CMOS chip Stores setup (configuration) information Powered by a battery on motherboard when power is off Setup information can also be set by jumpers and DIP switches

49. CMOS Configuration Chip

50. Setting Jumpers

51. Using DIP Switches

52. Summary Introduction to hardware components of a computer system Initial insight into how hardware works